1
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Sakamoto Y, Ishimoto A, Sakai Y, Sato M, Nishihama R, Abe K, Sano Y, Furuichi T, Tsuji H, Kohchi T, Matsunaga S. Improved clearing method contributes to deep imaging of plant organs. Commun Biol 2022; 5:12. [PMID: 35013509 PMCID: PMC8748589 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue clearing methods are increasingly essential for the microscopic observation of internal tissues of thick biological organs. We previously developed TOMEI, a clearing method for plant tissues; however, it could not entirely remove chlorophylls nor reduce the fluorescent signal of fluorescent proteins. Here, we developed an improved TOMEI method (iTOMEI) to overcome these limitations. First, a caprylyl sulfobetaine was determined to efficiently remove chlorophylls from Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings without GFP quenching. Next, a weak alkaline solution restored GFP fluorescence, which was mainly lost during fixation, and an iohexol solution with a high refractive index increased sample transparency. These procedures were integrated to form iTOMEI. iTOMEI enables the detection of much brighter fluorescence than previous methods in tissues of A. thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Marchantia polymorpha. Moreover, a mouse brain was also efficiently cleared by the iTOMEI-Brain method within 48 h, and strong fluorescent signals were detected in the cleared brain. Sakamoto et al. demonstrate an improved optical clearing method, iTOMEI, for plant imaging. The new method can achieve fast clearing and effective removal of autofluorescence signals, and at the same time preserve signals from desired fluorescence proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakamoto
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Anna Ishimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sakai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Moeko Sato
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Konami Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Sano
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Teiichi Furuichi
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuji
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka 641-12, Totsuka, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sachihiro Matsunaga
- Imaging Frontier Center, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. .,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan. .,Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
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2
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Zhang H, Wang X, Guo W, Li A, Chen R, Huang F, Liu X, Chen Y, Li N, Liu X, Xu T, Xue Z, Zeng S. Cross-Streams Through the Ventral Posteromedial Thalamic Nucleus to Convey Vibrissal Information. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:724861. [PMID: 34776879 PMCID: PMC8582278 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.724861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Whisker detection is crucial to adapt to the environment for some animals, but how the nervous system processes and integrates whisker information is still an open question. It is well-known that two main parallel pathways through Ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM) ascend to the barrel cortex, and classical theory suggests that the cross-talk from trigeminal nucleus interpolaris (Sp5i) to principal nucleus (Pr5) between the main parallel pathways contributes to the multi-whisker integration in barrel columns. Moreover, some studies suggest there are other cross-streams between the parallel pathways. To confirm their existence, in this study we used a dual-viral labeling strategy and high-resolution, large-volume light imaging to get the complete morphology of individual VPM neurons and trace their projections. We found some new thalamocortical projections from the ventral lateral part of VPM (VPMvl) to barrel columns. In addition, the retrograde-viral labeling and imaging results showed there were the large trigeminothalamic projections from Sp5i to the dorsomedial section of VPM (VPMdm). Our results reveal new cross-streams between the parallel pathways through VPM, which may involve the execution of multi-whisker integration in barrel columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tonghui Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Britton Chance Center and MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Chen R, Zhou H, Li A, Cheng X, Liu X, Huang F, Wang Y, Liu Y, Gong H, Liu X, Zeng S. Chemical Sectioning for Immunofluorescence Imaging. Anal Chem 2021; 93:8698-8703. [PMID: 34138541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescence (IF) is a powerful investigative tool in biological research and medical diagnosis, whereas conventional imaging methods are always conflict between speed, contrast/resolution, and specimen volume. Chemical sectioning (CS) is an effective method to overcome the conflict, which works by chemically manipulating the off/on state of fluorescent materials and turning on only the extremely superficial surface fluorescence of tissues to realize the sectioning capacity of wide-field imaging. However, the current mechanism of CS is only applicable to samples labeled with pH-sensitive fluorescent proteins and still cannot fulfill samples immunolabeled with frequently used commercial fluorescent dyes. Here, immunofluorescence chemical sectioning (IF-CS) is described to present an off/on mechanism for Alexa dyes by complexation reactions, allowing CS imaging of IF labeled tissues. IF-CS enables IF freeing from out-of-focus interference in wide-field imaging and satisfying with multicolor imaging. IF-CS demonstrates the utility of the 3D submicron-resolution imaging of large immunolabeled tissues on the wide-field block-face system. IF-CS may remarkably facilitate systematic studies of refined subcellular architectures of endogenous proteins in intact biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixi Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Yurong Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Chen R, Wu Y, Yang X, Liu X, Zeng S, Guo W. UnaG as a reporter in adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer for biomedical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000182. [PMID: 32894647 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most common gene transfer vectors, but it has a limited capacity. A smaller fluorescent protein is urgently needed since it is more suitable to act as a reporter in AAV. In this study, a bilirubin-dependent reporter smaller than EGFP, termed UnaG, was found to have the ability to label the neurons of a mouse brain as clearly as EGFP without the addition of exogenous bilirubin. We also found that UnaG's pH tolerance is better than that of EGFP; however, its fluorescence recovery after protonated quenching is not as good as that of EGFP. In addition, UnaG preserved its fluorescence better than EGFP in SeeDB clearing. Taken together, this study demonstrates that UnaG can act as a small intrinsically fluorescent reporter in the mouse brain without an additional ligand, thus providing an alternative over EGFP for AAV-mediated neuron labeling in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyan Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xu Z, Gong H, Li A, Luo Q, Ren M, Li X, Wu H, Yuan J, Chen S. Pinpointing Morphology and Projection of Excitatory Neurons in Mouse Visual Cortex. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:912. [PMID: 31555081 PMCID: PMC6727359 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The excitatory neurons in the visual cortex are of great significance for us in understanding brain functions. However, the diverse neuron types and their morphological properties have not been fully deciphered. In this paper, we applied the brain-wide positioning system (BPS) to image the entire brain of two Thy1-eYFP H-line male mice at 0.2 μm × 0.2 μm × 1 μm voxel resolution. A total of 103 neurons were reconstructed in layers 5 and 6 of the visual cortex with single-axon-level resolution. Based on the complete topology of neurons and the inherent positioning function of the imaging method, we classified the observed neurons into six types according to their apical dendrites and somata location: star pyramidal cells in layer 5 (L5-sp), slender-tufted pyramidal cells in layer 5 (L5-st), tufted pyramidal cells in layer 5 (L5-tt), spiny stellate-like cells in layer 6 (L6-ss), star pyramidal cells in layer 6 (L6-sp), and slender-tufted pyramidal cells in layer 6 (L6-st). By examining the axonal projection patterns of individual neurons, they can be categorized into three modes: ipsilateral circuit connection neurons, callosal projection neurons and corticofugal projection neurons. Correlating the two types of classifications, we have found that there are at least two projection modes comprised in the former defined neuron types except for L5-tt. On the other hand, each projection mode may consist of four dendritic types defined in this study. The axon projection mode only partially correlates with the apical dendrite feature. This work has demonstrated a paradigm for resolving the visual cortex through single-neuron-level quantification and has shown potential to be extended to reveal the connectome of other defined sensory and motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalun Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengchao Xu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Ren
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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6
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Ren M, Tian J, Zhao P, Luo J, Feng Z, Gong H, Li X. Simultaneous Acquisition of Multicolor Information From Neural Circuits in Resin-Embedded Samples. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:885. [PMID: 30555296 PMCID: PMC6284031 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resin embedding has been widely used for precise imaging of fluorescently labeled biological samples with optical and electron microscopy. The low preservation rate of fluorescence, especially for red fluorescent proteins, has limited the application of resin embedding in multifluorescent protein-labeled samples. Here, we optimized the embedding method to retain the intensity of multiple fluorescent proteins during resin embedding. By reducing the polymerization temperature from 50 to 35°C and adding a fluorescent protein protection reagent during the embedding process, we successfully increased the fluorescence preservation rate by nearly twofold for red fluorescent proteins, including tdTomato, mCherry, and DsRed. Meanwhile, the background fluorescence decreased significantly in the optimized embedding method. This method is suitable not only for red fluorescent protein-labeled samples but also for blue (BFP) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled samples. We embedded brains labeled with BFP, DsRed, and GFP via AAV and rabies virus and acquired the distribution of input neurons to different cortical areas. With GFP/tdTomato double-labeled samples in resin, we obtained the cholinergic projectome of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) and the distribution of cholinergic neurons at single-neuron resolution in the whole brain simultaneously. Input cholinergic terminals from the PPTg were found to innervate the cholinergic soma and fiber in the neocortex, basal forebrain and brainstem, indicating that local cholinergic neurons received long-range cholinergic modulation from the midbrain. Our optimized method is useful for embedding multicolor fluorescent protein-labeled samples to acquire multidimensional structural information on neural circuits at single-neuron resolution in the whole brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ren
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaojiao Tian
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peilin Zhao
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialiang Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Suzhou, China
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7
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Li L, Chen R, Liu X, Li N, Liu X, Wang X, Quan T, Lv X, Zeng S. Penetration model for chemical reactivation for resin-embedded green fluorescent protein imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-6. [PMID: 30484293 PMCID: PMC6992894 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.051406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the so-called surface microscopy, serial block-face imaging is combined with mechanic sectioning to obtain volumetric imaging. While mapping a resin-embedded green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled specimen, it has been recently reported that an alkaline buffer is used to chemically reactivate the protonated GFP molecules, and thus improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In such a procedure, the image quality is highly affected by the penetration rate of a solution. We propose a reliable penetration model to describe the penetration process of the solution into the resin. The experimental results are consistent with the parameters predicted using this model. Thus, this model provides a valuable theoretical explanation and aids in optimizing the system parameters for mapping resin-embedded GFP biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ning Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tingwei Quan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Lin HM, Kuang JX, Sun P, Li N, Lv X, Zhang YH. Reconstruction of Intratelencephalic Neurons in the Mouse Secondary Motor Cortex Reveals the Diverse Projection Patterns of Single Neurons. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:86. [PMID: 30425624 PMCID: PMC6218457 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary motor cortex (MOs) plays crucial roles in cognitive and executive processes and has reciprocal connections with numerous cortices in rodents. However, descriptions of the neuronal morphologies and projection patterns of the MOs at the level of a single neuron are lacking, severely hindering the comprehensive understanding of the wiring diagram of the MOs. Herein, we used a Cre-dependent adeno-associated virus (AAV) to fluorescently label ~80 pyramidal neurons nearby or in the MOs and acquired an uninterrupted whole-brain 3D dataset at a voxel resolution of 0.2 × 0.2 × 1 μm with a whole-brain fluorescence imaging system (fMOST). Based on our 3D dataset, we reconstructed the complete morphologies of 36 individual intratelencephalic (IT) neurons nearby or in the MOs and analyzed the projection patterns and projection strengths of these neurons at a single-neuron level based on several parameters, including the projection areas, the total number of branches, the fiber length, and the total number of terminal tips. We obtained a neuron with an axonal length of 318.43 mm, which is by far the longest reported axonal length. Our results show that all individual neurons in the MOs, regardless of whether they are located in layer 2/3 or layer 5, display diverse projection patterns and projection strengths, implying that these neurons might be involved in different brain circuits at different intensities. The results lay a solid foundation for exploring the relationship between neuronal morphologies and behavioral functions of the MOs at the level of a single neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Lin
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Xia Kuang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Li L, Rao G, Lv X, Chen R, Cheng X, Wang X, Zeng S, Liu X. Chemical reactivation of fluorescein isothiocyanate immunofluorescence-labeled resin-embedded samples. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-4. [PMID: 29427410 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.2.020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Resin embedding is widely used and facilitates microscopic imaging of biological tissues. In contrast, quenching of fluorescence during embedding process hinders the application of resin embedding for imaging of fluorescence-labeled samples. For samples expressing fluorescent proteins, it has been demonstrated that the weakened fluorescence could be recovered by reactivating the fluorophore with alkaline buffer. We extended this idea to immunofluorescence-labeling technology. We showed that the fluorescence of pH-sensitive fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was quenched after resin embedding but reactivated after treating by alkaline buffer. We observed 138.5% fluorescence preservation ratio of reactivated state, sixfold compared with the quenched state in embedding resin, which indicated its application for fluorescence imaging of high signal-to-background ratio. Furthermore, we analyzed the chemical reactivation mechanism of FITC fluorophore. This work would show a way for high-resolution imaging of immunofluorescence-labeled samples embedded in resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhui Li
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Gong Rao
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaohua Lv
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cheng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Britto, China
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collabor, China
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