1
|
Hu Y, Feng Y, Long X, Zheng D, Liu G, Lu Y, Ren Q, Huang Z. Megahertz multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system for whole eye imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3000-3017. [PMID: 38855668 PMCID: PMC11161356 DOI: 10.1364/boe.517757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An ultrahigh-speed, wide-field OCT system for the imaging of anterior, posterior, and ocular biometers is crucial for obtaining comprehensive ocular parameters and quantifying ocular pathology size. Here, we demonstrate a multi-parametric ophthalmic OCT system with a speed of up to 1 MHz for wide-field imaging of the retina and 50 kHz for anterior chamber and ocular biometric measurement. A spectrum correction algorithm is proposed to ensure the accurate pairing of adjacent A-lines and elevate the A-scan speed from 500 kHz to 1 MHz for retinal imaging. A registration method employing position feedback signals was introduced, reducing pixel offsets between forward and reverse galvanometer scanning by 2.3 times. Experimental validation on glass sheets and the human eye confirms feasibility and efficacy. Meanwhile, we propose a revised formula to determine the "true" fundus size using all-axial length parameters from different fields of view. The efficient algorithms and compact design enhance system compatibility with clinical requirements, showing promise for widespread commercialization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yutao Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongye Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Gangjun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yanye Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiushi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518071, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen K, Song W, Han L, Bizheva K. Powell lens-based line-field spectral domain optical coherence tomography system for cellular resolution imaging of biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2003-2014. [PMID: 37206146 PMCID: PMC10191637 DOI: 10.1364/boe.486980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A Powell lens is used in a line-field spectral domain OCT (PL-LF-SD-OCT) system to generate a line-shaped imaging beam with almost uniform distribution of the optical power in the line direction. This design overcomes the severe sensitivity loss (∼10 dB) observed along the line length direction (B-scan) in LF-OCT systems based on cylindrical lens line generators. The PL-LF-SD-OCT system offers almost isotropic spatial resolution (Δx and Δy ∼2 µm, Δz ∼1.8 µm) in free space and sensitivity of ∼87 dB for 2.5 mW imaging power at 2,000 fps imaging rate with only ∼1.6 dB sensitivity loss along the line length. Images acquired with the PL-LF-SD-OCT system allow for visualization of the cellular and sub-cellular structure of biological tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Weixiang Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Le Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kostadinka Bizheva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Systems Design Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spytek J, Ambrozinski L, Pelivanov I. Non-contact detection of ultrasound with light - Review of recent progress. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100440. [PMID: 36582843 PMCID: PMC9792891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present an overview of recent progress in non-contact remote optical detection of ultrasound in application to nondestructive testing and evaluation of materials. The focus of the review is on the latest advances in optical detection that offer mature and robust field-applicable solutions for diagnostics and imaging of engineered structures. We provide a detailed description of these solutions, including their operation principles, their evolution from the previously known designs to commercial devices, and their contribution to solving the most important problems associated with non-contact optical detection of ultrasound. Several application examples are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of optical detection and provide ideas to a reader on how it can be used in practice. We also discuss the main challenges of modern non-contact detectors which have not yet been addressed, as well as the directions and prospects for their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Spytek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Ambrozinski
- AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ivan Pelivanov
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma Y, Li C, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Shi W, Ma Z. OCT based four-dimensional cardiac imaging of a living chick embryo using an impedance signal as a gating for post-acquisition synchronization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:6595-6609. [PMID: 36589591 PMCID: PMC9774874 DOI: 10.1364/boe.476254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging modality with high spatial resolution suitable for early embryonic heart imaging. However, the most commonly used OCT systems cannot provide direct 4-D imaging due to acquisition speed limitations. We proposed a retrospective gating 4-D reconstruction method based on spectral domain OCT. A special circuit was designed to measure the impedance change of chick embryos in response to the heart beating. The impedance signal was acquired simultaneously with the OCT B-scan image sequence at several different locations along the heart. The impedance signal was used as a gating for 4-D reconstruction. The reconstruction algorithm includes cardiac period calculation, interpolation from multi-cardiac cycle image sequence into one cardiac cycle, and cardiac phase synchronization among the different locations of the heart. The synchronism of the impedance signal change with the heartbeat was verified. Using the proposed method, we reconstructed the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) of chick embryos at an early stage of development (Hamburger-Hamilton stage 18). We showed that the reconstructed 4-D images correctly captured the dynamics of the OFT wall motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Ma
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Chuanxi Li
- Hangzhou Xinrui Medical Technology Co., Ltd, No. 22 Xinyan Road, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Huiwen Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yao Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Wenbo Shi
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 311 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, No. 143 Taishan Road, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lawman S, Mason S, Kaye SB, Shen YC, Zheng Y. Accurate In Vivo Bowman's Thickness Measurement Using Mirau Ultrahigh Axial Resolution Line Field Optical Coherence Tomography. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:6. [PMID: 35930278 PMCID: PMC9363679 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy, repeatability, and performance limits of in vivo Mirau ultrahigh axial resolution (UHR) line field spectral domain (LF-SD) optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the measurement of Bowman's and epithelial thickness, and to provide a reference range of these values for healthy corneas. Methods Volunteers with no history and evidence of corneal disease were included in this study. An in vivo graph search image segmentation of the central cornea was obtained at the normal interface vector orientation. The Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT system used has an axial resolution down to 2.4 µm in air (1.7 µm in tissue), with an A-scan speed of 204.8 kHz and a signal to noise ratio (sensitivity) of 69 (83) dB. Results Nine volunteers were included, one of whom wore contact lenses. The repeatability of mean Bowman's and epithelial thicknesses were 0.3 and 1.0 µm, respectively. The measured 95% population range for healthy in vivo thickness was 13.7 to 19.6 µm for the Bowman's layer, and 41.9 to 61.8 µm for the epithelial layer. Conclusions The measured thicknesses of Bowman's layer and the corneal epithelium using the Mirau-UHR-LF-SD-OCT were both accurate, with the range for healthy in vivo thicknesses matching prior confocal and OCT systems of varying axial resolutions, and repeatable, equaling the best value prior reported. Translational Relevance T1. Development of a commercially viable clinical UHR OCT technology, enabling accurate measurement and interpretation of Bowman's and epithelial layer thickness in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lawman
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool, UK.,University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sharon Mason
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephen B Kaye
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yao-Chun Shen
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yalin Zheng
- University of Liverpool, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Eye and Vision Science, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han L, Tan B, Hosseinaee Z, Chen LK, Hileeto D, Bizheva K. Line-scanning SD-OCT for in-vivo, non-contact, volumetric, cellular resolution imaging of the human cornea and limbus. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4007-4020. [PMID: 35991928 PMCID: PMC9352278 DOI: 10.1364/boe.465916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo, non-contact, volumetric imaging of the cellular and sub-cellular structure of the human cornea and limbus with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is challenging due to involuntary eye motion that introduces both motion artifacts and blur in the OCT images. Here we present the design of a line-scanning (LS) spectral-domain (SD) optical coherence tomography system that combines 2 × 3 × 1.7 µm (x, y, z) resolution in biological tissue with an image acquisition rate of ∼2,500 fps, and demonstrate its ability to image in-vivo and without contact with the tissue surface, the cellular structure of the human anterior segment tissues. Volumetric LS-SD-OCT images acquired over a field-of-view (FOV) of 0.7 mm × 1.4 mm reveal fine morphological details in the healthy human cornea, such as epithelial and endothelial cells, sub-basal nerves, as well as the cellular structure of the limbal crypts, the palisades of Vogt (POVs) and the blood microvasculature of the human limbus. LS-SD-OCT is a promising technology that can assist ophthalmologists with the early diagnostics and optimal treatment planning of ocular diseases affecting the human anterior eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
- Contributed equally
| | - Bingyao Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Chemical and Biomedical
Engineering, Nanyang Technological
University, 637460, Singapore
- SERI-NTU Advanced Ocular
Engineering (STANCE), 639798, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute,
Singapore National Eye Center, 169856,
Singapore
- Contributed equally
| | - Zohreh Hosseinaee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Lin Kun Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Denise Hileeto
- School of Optometry and Vision Science,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kostadinka Bizheva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Systems Design Engineering,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leitgeb R, Placzek F, Rank E, Krainz L, Haindl R, Li Q, Liu M, Andreana M, Unterhuber A, Schmoll T, Drexler W. Enhanced medical diagnosis for dOCTors: a perspective of optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210150-PER. [PMID: 34672145 PMCID: PMC8528212 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE After three decades, more than 75,000 publications, tens of companies being involved in its commercialization, and a global market perspective of about USD 1.5 billion in 2023, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become one of the fastest successfully translated imaging techniques with substantial clinical and economic impacts and acceptance. AIM Our perspective focuses on disruptive forward-looking innovations and key technologies to further boost OCT performance and therefore enable significantly enhanced medical diagnosis. APPROACH A comprehensive review of state-of-the-art accomplishments in OCT has been performed. RESULTS The most disruptive future OCT innovations include imaging resolution and speed (single-beam raster scanning versus parallelization) improvement, new implementations for dual modality or even multimodality systems, and using endogenous or exogenous contrast in these hybrid OCT systems targeting molecular and metabolic imaging. Aside from OCT angiography, no other functional or contrast enhancing OCT extension has accomplished comparable clinical and commercial impacts. Some more recently developed extensions, e.g., optical coherence elastography, dynamic contrast OCT, optoretinography, and artificial intelligence enhanced OCT are also considered with high potential for the future. In addition, OCT miniaturization for portable, compact, handheld, and/or cost-effective capsule-based OCT applications, home-OCT, and self-OCT systems based on micro-optic assemblies or photonic integrated circuits will revolutionize new applications and availability in the near future. Finally, clinical translation of OCT including medical device regulatory challenges will continue to be absolutely essential. CONCLUSIONS With its exquisite non-invasive, micrometer resolution depth sectioning capability, OCT has especially revolutionized ophthalmic diagnosis and hence is the fastest adopted imaging technology in the history of ophthalmology. Nonetheless, OCT has not been completely exploited and has substantial growth potential-in academics as well as in industry. This applies not only to the ophthalmic application field, but also especially to the original motivation of OCT to enable optical biopsy, i.e., the in situ imaging of tissue microstructure with a resolution approaching that of histology but without the need for tissue excision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Leitgeb
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Placzek
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabet Rank
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Krainz
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Haindl
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qian Li
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Andreana
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Unterhuber
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tilman Schmoll
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, California, United States
| | - Wolfgang Drexler
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Vienna, Austria
- Address all correspondence to Wolfgang Drexler,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Du E, Shen S, Chong SP, Chen N. Multifunctional laser speckle imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2007-2016. [PMID: 32341863 PMCID: PMC7173886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.388856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a multi-functional laser speckle imaging system, which can be operated in both the surface illumination laser speckle contrast imaging (SI-LSCI) mode and the line scan laser speckle contrast imaging (LS-LSCI) mode. The system has been applied to imaging the chicken embryos to visualize both the blood flow and morphological details of the vasculature. The experimental results demonstrated that LS-LSCI is capable of detecting and quantifying blood flow in blood vessels smaller and deeper than those detectable by conventional SI-LSCI. Furthermore, the line scan mode is also capable of producing depth-resolved absorption-based morphological images of tissue, augmenting flow-based functional images.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang L, Xiong Q, Ge X, Bo E, Xie J, Liu X, Yu X, Wang X, Wang N, Chen S, Wu X, Liu L. Cellular resolution corneal imaging with extended imaging range. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1298-1309. [PMID: 30696198 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Current optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology, which is used for imaging the eye's anterior segment, has been established as a clinical gold standard for the diagnosis of corneal diseases. However, the cellular resolution level information that is critical for many clinical applications is still not available. The major technical challenges toward cellular resolution OCT imaging are the limited ranging depth and depth of focus (DOF). In this work, we present a novel ultrahigh resolution OCT system that achieves an isotropic spatial resolution of <2 µm in tissue. The proposed system could approximately double the ranging depth and extend the DOF using the dual-spectrometer design and the forward-model based digital refocusing method, respectively. We demonstrate that the novel system is capable of visualizing the full thickness of the pig cornea over the ranging depth of 3.5 mm and the border of the corneal endothelial cells 8 times Rayleigh range away from the focal plane. This technology has the potential to realize cellular resolution corneal imaging in vivo.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsai MT, Huang BH, Yeh CC, Lei KF, Tsang NM. Non-Invasive Quantification of the Growth of Cancer Cell Colonies by a Portable Optical Coherence Tomography. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10010035. [PMID: 30621072 PMCID: PMC6356435 DOI: 10.3390/mi10010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of tumor development is essential in cancer research. In the laboratory, living cell culture is a standard bio-technology for studying cellular response under tested conditions to predict in vivo cellular response. In particular, the colony formation assay has become a standard experiment for characterizing the tumor development in vitro. However, quantification of the growth of cell colonies under a microscope is difficult because they are suspended in a three-dimensional environment. Thus, optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was develop in this study to monitor the growth of cell colonies. Cancer cell line of Huh 7 was used and the cells were applied on a layer of agarose hydrogel, i.e., a non-adherent surface. Then, cell colonies were gradually formed on the surface. The OCT technique was used to scan the cell colonies every day to obtain quantitative data for describing their growth. The results revealed the average volume increased with time due to the formation of cell colonies day-by-day. Additionally, the distribution of cell colony volume was analyzed to show the detailed information of the growth of the cell colonies. In summary, the OCT provides a non-invasive quantification technique for monitoring the growth of the cell colonies. From the OCT images, objective and precise information is obtained for higher prediction of the in vivo tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tsan Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Chih Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Kin Fong Lei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|