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Brunialti E, Rizzi N, Pinto-Costa R, Villa A, Panzeri A, Meda C, Rebecchi M, Di Monte DA, Ciana P. Design and validation of a reporter mouse to study the dynamic regulation of TFEB and TFE3 activity through in vivo imaging techniques. Autophagy 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38522425 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2334111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
TFEB and TFE3 belong to the MiT/TFE family of transcription factors that bind identical DNA responsive elements in the regulatory regions of target genes. They are involved in regulating lysosomal biogenesis, function, exocytosis, autophagy, and lipid catabolism. Precise control of TFEB and TFE3 activity is crucial for processes such as senescence, stress response, energy metabolism, and cellular catabolism. Dysregulation of these factors is implicated in various diseases, thus researchers have explored pharmacological approaches to modulate MiT/TFE activity, considering these transcription factors as potential therapeutic targets. However, the physiological complexity of their functions and the lack of suitable in vivo tools have limited the development of selective MiT/TFE modulating agents. Here, we have created a reporter-based biosensor, named CLEARoptimized, facilitating the pharmacological profiling of TFEB- and TFE3-mediated transcription. This innovative tool enables the measurement of TFEB and TFE3 activity in living cells and mice through imaging and biochemical techniques. CLEARoptimized consists of a promoter with six coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation motifs identified through an in-depth bioinformatic analysis of the promoters of 128 TFEB-target genes. The biosensor drives the expression of luciferase and tdTomato reporter genes, allowing the quantification of TFEB and TFE3 activity in cells and in animals through optical imaging and biochemical assays. The biosensor's validity was confirmed by modulating MiT/TFE activity in both cell culture and reporter mice using physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Overall, this study introduces an innovative tool for studying autophagy and lysosomal pathway modulation at various biological levels, from individual cells to the entire organism.Abbreviations: CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; MAR: matrix attachment regions; MiT: microphthalmia-associated transcription factor; ROI: region of interest; TBS: tris-buffered saline; TF: transcription factor; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TH: tyrosine hydroxylase; TK: thymidine kinase; TSS: transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rita Pinto-Costa
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Villa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Panzeri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Meda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Rebecchi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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2
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Chen X, Meng Y, Wang L, Zhou W, Chen D, Xie H, Ren S. Highly robust reconstruction framework for three-dimensional optical imaging based on physical model constrained neural networks. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:075020. [PMID: 38394682 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2ca3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective. The reconstruction of three-dimensional optical imaging that can quantitatively acquire the target distribution from surface measurements is a serious ill-posed problem. Traditional regularization-based reconstruction can solve such ill-posed problem to a certain extent, but its accuracy is highly dependent ona priorinformation, resulting in a less stable and adaptable method. Data-driven deep learning-based reconstruction avoids the errors of light propagation models and the reliance on experience and a prior by learning the mapping relationship between the surface light distribution and the target directly from the dataset. However, the acquisition of the training dataset and the training of the network itself are time consuming, and the high dependence of the network performance on the training dataset results in a low generalization ability. The objective of this work is to develop a highly robust reconstruction framework to solve the existing problems.Approach. This paper proposes a physical model constrained neural networks-based reconstruction framework. In the framework, the neural networks are to generate a target distribution from surface measurements, while the physical model is used to calculate the surface light distribution based on this target distribution. The mean square error between the calculated surface light distribution and the surface measurements is then used as a loss function to optimize the neural network. To further reduce the dependence ona prioriinformation, a movable region is randomly selected and then traverses the entire solution interval. We reconstruct the target distribution in this movable region and the results are used as the basis for its next movement.Main Results. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated with a series of simulations andin vivoexperiment, including accuracy robustness of different target distributions, noise immunity, depth robustness, and spatial resolution. The results collectively demonstrate that the framework can reconstruct targets with a high accuracy, stability and versatility.Significance. The proposed framework has high accuracy and robustness, as well as good generalizability. Compared with traditional regularization-based reconstruction methods, it eliminates the need to manually delineate feasible regions and adjust regularization parameters. Compared with emerging deep learning assisted methods, it does not require any training dataset, thus saving a lot of time and resources and solving the problem of poor generalization and robustness of deep learning methods. Thus, the framework opens up a new perspective for the reconstruction of three-dimension optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510555, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Meng
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Duofang Chen
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghan Ren
- Center for Biomedical-photonics and Molecular Imaging, Advanced Diagnostic-Therapy Technology and Equipment Key Laboratory of Higher Education Institutions in Shaanxi Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education & Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, People's Republic of China
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Rounds CC, de Wit JG, Vonk J, Vorjohan J, Nelson S, Trang A, Villinski B, Samkoe KS, Brankov JG, Voskuil FJ, Witjes MJH, Tichauer KM. Improved intraoperative identification of close margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma resections using a dual aperture fluorescence ratio approach: first in-human results. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:016003. [PMID: 38235321 PMCID: PMC10793906 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Surgical excision is the main treatment for solid tumors in oral squamous cell carcinomas, where wide local excision (achieving a healthy tissue margin of > 5 mm around the excised tumor) is the goal as it results in reduced local recurrence rates and improved overall survival. Aim No clinical methods are available to assess the complete surgical margin intraoperatively while the patient is still on the operating table; and while recent intraoperative back-bench fluorescence-guided surgery approaches have shown promise for detecting "positive" inadequate margins (< 1 mm ), they have had limited success in the detection of "close" inadequate margins (1 to 5 mm). Here, a dual aperture fluorescence ratio (dAFR) approach was evaluated as a means of improving detection of close margins. Approach The approach was evaluated on surgical specimens from patients who were administered a tumor-specific fluorescent imaging agent (cetuximab-800CW) prior to surgery. The dAFR approach was compared directly against standard wide-field fluorescence imaging and pathology measurements of margin thickness in specimens from three patients and a total of 12 margin locations (1 positive, 5 close, and 6 clear margins). Results The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, representing the ability to detect close compared to clear margins (> 5 mm ) was found to be 1.0 and 0.57 for dAFR and sAF, respectively. Improvements in dAFR were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.02 ). Conclusions These results provide evidence that the dAFR approach potentially improves detection of close surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody C. Rounds
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jaron G. de Wit
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Vonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Vorjohan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sophia Nelson
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Allyson Trang
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Brooke Villinski
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Kimberley S. Samkoe
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Jovan G. Brankov
- University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Chicago Illinois, United States
| | - Floris J. Voskuil
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Max J. H. Witjes
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth M. Tichauer
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Xu X, Deng Z, Sforza D, Tong Z, Tseng YP, Newman C, Reinhart M, Tsouchlos P, Devling T, Dehghani H, Iordachita I, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Characterization of a commercial bioluminescence tomography-guided system for pre-clinical radiation research. Med Phys 2023; 50:6433-6453. [PMID: 37633836 PMCID: PMC10592094 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Widely used Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided irradiators have limitations in localizing soft tissue targets growing in a low-contrast environment. This hinders small animal irradiators achieving precise focal irradiation. PURPOSE To advance image-guidance for soft tissue targeting, we developed a commercial-grade bioluminescence tomography-guided system (BLT, MuriGlo) for pre-clinical radiation research. We characterized the system performance and demonstrated its capability in target localization. We expect this study can provide a comprehensive guideline for the community in utilizing the BLT system for radiation studies. METHODS MuriGlo consists of four mirrors, filters, lens, and charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, enabling a compact imaging platform and multi-projection and multi-spectral BLT. A newly developed mouse bed allows animals imaged in MuriGlo and transferred to a small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) for CBCT imaging and BLT-guided irradiation. Methods and tools were developed to evaluate the CCD response linearity, minimal detectable signal, focusing, spatial resolution, distortion, and uniformity. A transparent polycarbonate plate covering the middle of the mouse bed was used to support and image animals from underneath the bed. We investigated its effect on 2D Bioluminescence images and 3D BLT reconstruction accuracy, and studied its dosimetric impact along with the rest of mouse bed. A method based on pinhole camera model was developed to map multi-projection bioluminescence images to the object surface generated from CBCT image. The mapped bioluminescence images were used as the input data for the optical reconstruction. To account for free space light propagation from object surface to optical detector, a spectral derivative (SD) method was implemented for BLT reconstruction. We assessed the use of the SD data (ratio imaging of adjacent wavelength) in mitigating out of focusing and non-uniformity seen in the images. A mouse phantom was used to validate the data mapping. The phantom and an in vivo glioblastoma model were utilized to demonstrate the accuracy of the BLT target localization. RESULTS The CCD response shows good linearity with < 0.6% residual from a linear fit. The minimal detectable level is 972 counts for 10 × 10 binning. The focal plane position is within the range of 13-18 mm above the mouse bed. The spatial resolution of 2D optical imaging is < 0.3 mm at Rayleigh criterion. Within the region of interest, the image uniformity is within 5% variation, and image shift due to distortion is within 0.3 mm. The transparent plate caused < 6% light attenuation. The use of the SD imaging data can effectively mitigate out of focusing, image non-uniformity, and the plate attenuation, to support accurate multi-spectral BLT reconstruction. There is < 0.5% attenuation on dose delivery caused by the bed. The accuracy of data mapping from the 2D bioluminescence images to CBCT image is within 0.7 mm. Our phantom test shows the BLT system can localize a bioluminescent target within 1 mm with an optimal threshold and only 0.2 mm deviation was observed for the case with and without a transparent plate. The same localization accuracy can be maintained for the in vivo GBM model. CONCLUSIONS This work is the first systematic study in characterizing the commercial BLT-guided system. The information and methods developed will be useful for the community to utilize the imaging system for image-guided radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Xu
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Zijian Deng
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel Sforza
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhishen Tong
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Tseng
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ciara Newman
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John W. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Chen Y, Du M, Li W, Su L, Yi H, Zhao F, Li K, Wang L, Cao X. ABPO-TVSCAD: alternating Bregman proximity operators approach based on TVSCAD regularization for bioluminescence tomography. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:215013. [PMID: 36220011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac994c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising non-invasive optical medical imaging technique, which can visualize and quantitatively analyze the distribution of tumor cells in living tissues. However, due to the influence of photon scattering effect and ill-conditioned inverse problem, the reconstruction result is unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to improve the reconstruction performance of BLT.Approach.An alternating Bregman proximity operators (ABPO) method based on TVSCAD regularization is proposed for BLT reconstruction. TVSCAD combines the anisotropic total variation (TV) regularization constraints and the non-convex smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD) penalty constraints, to make a trade-off between the sparsity and edge preservation of the source. ABPO approach is used to solve the TVSCAD model (ABPO-TVSCAD for short). In addition, to accelerate the convergence speed of the ABPO, we adapt the strategy of shrinking the permission source region, which further improves the performance of ABPO-TVSCAD.Main results.The results of numerical simulations andin vivoxenograft mouse experiment show that our proposed method achieved superior accuracy in spatial localization and morphological reconstruction of bioluminescent source.Significance.ABPO-TVSCAD is an effective and robust reconstruction method for BLT, and we hope that this method can promote the development of optical molecular tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Du
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Weitong Li
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Linzhi Su
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangjian Yi
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjun Zhao
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Cao
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Cao X, Zhang P, Song F, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang G. Self-Training Strategy Based on Finite Element Method for Adaptive Bioluminescence Tomography Reconstruction. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2022; 41:2629-2643. [PMID: 35436185 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3167809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising pre-clinical imaging technique for a wide variety of biomedical applications, which can non-invasively reveal functional activities inside living animal bodies through the detection of visible or near-infrared light produced by bioluminescent reactions. Recently, reconstruction approaches based on deep learning have shown great potential in optical tomography modalities. However, these reports only generate data with stationary patterns of constant target number, shape, and size. The neural networks trained by these data sets are difficult to reconstruct the patterns outside the data sets. This will tremendously restrict the applications of deep learning in optical tomography reconstruction. To address this problem, a self-training strategy is proposed for BLT reconstruction in this paper. The proposed strategy can fast generate large-scale BLT data sets with random target numbers, shapes, and sizes through an algorithm named random seed growth algorithm and the neural network is automatically self-trained. In addition, the proposed strategy uses the neural network to build a map between photon densities on surface and inside the imaged object rather than an end-to-end neural network that directly infers the distribution of sources from the photon density on surface. The map of photon density is further converted into the distribution of sources through the multiplication with stiffness matrix. Simulation, phantom, and mouse studies are carried out. Results show the availability of the proposed self-training strategy.
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Deng Z, Xu X, Iordachita I, Dehghani H, Zhang B, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Mobile bioluminescence tomography-guided system for pre-clinical radiotherapy research. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4970-4989. [PMID: 36187243 PMCID: PMC9484421 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to low imaging contrast, a widely-used cone-beam computed tomography-guided small animal irradiator is less adept at localizing in vivo soft tissue targets. Bioluminescence tomography (BLT), which combines a model of light propagation through tissue with an optimization algorithm, can recover a spatially resolved tomographic volume for an internal bioluminescent source. We built a novel mobile BLT system for a small animal irradiator to localize soft tissue targets for radiation guidance. In this study, we elaborate its configuration and features that are indispensable for accurate image guidance. Phantom and in vivo validations show the BLT system can localize targets with accuracy within 1 mm. With the optimal choice of threshold and margin for target volume, BLT can provide a distinctive opportunity for investigators to perform conformal biology-guided irradiation to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory (BIRTLab), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Bentley A, Xu X, Deng Z, Rowe JE, Kang-Hsin Wang K, Dehghani H. Quantitative molecular bioluminescence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220026GRR. [PMID: 35726130 PMCID: PMC9207518 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.6.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Bioluminescence imaging and tomography (BLT) are used to study biologically relevant activity, typically within a mouse model. A major limitation is that the underlying optical properties of the volume are unknown, leading to the use of a "best" estimate approach often compromising quantitative accuracy. AIM An optimization algorithm is presented that localizes the spatial distribution of bioluminescence by simultaneously recovering the optical properties and location of bioluminescence source from the same set of surface measurements. APPROACH Measured data, using implanted self-illuminating sources as well as an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model, are employed to recover three-dimensional spatial distribution of the bioluminescence source using a multi-parameter optimization algorithm. RESULTS The proposed algorithm is able to recover the size and location of the bioluminescence source while accounting for tissue attenuation. Localization accuracies of <1 mm are obtained in all cases, which is similar if not better than current "gold standard" methods that predict optical properties using a different imaging modality. CONCLUSIONS Application of this approach, using in-vivo experimental data has shown that quantitative BLT is possible without the need for any prior knowledge about optical parameters, paving the way toward quantitative molecular imaging of exogenous and indigenous biological tumor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bentley
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Zijian Deng
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan E. Rowe
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- University of Birmingham, School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- University of Birmingham, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Liu Y, Chu M, Guo H, Hu X, Yu J, He X, Yi H, He X. Multispectral Differential Reconstruction Strategy for Bioluminescence Tomography. Front Oncol 2022; 12:768137. [PMID: 35251958 PMCID: PMC8895370 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.768137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a promising in vivo molecular imaging tool that allows non-invasive monitoring of physiological and pathological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. However, the accuracy of the BLT reconstruction is significantly affected by the forward modeling errors in the simplified photon propagation model, the measurement noise in data acquisition, and the inherent ill-posedness of the inverse problem. In this paper, we present a new multispectral differential strategy (MDS) on the basis of analyzing the errors generated from the simplification from radiative transfer equation (RTE) to diffusion approximation and data acquisition of the imaging system. Through rigorous theoretical analysis, we learn that spectral differential not only can eliminate the errors caused by the approximation of RTE and imaging system measurement noise but also can further increase the constraint condition and decrease the condition number of system matrix for reconstruction compared with traditional multispectral (TM) reconstruction strategy. In forward simulations, energy differences and cosine similarity of the measured surface light energy calculated by Monte Carlo (MC) and diffusion equation (DE) showed that MDS can reduce the systematic errors in the process of light transmission. In addition, in inverse simulations and in vivo experiments, the results demonstrated that MDS was able to alleviate the ill-posedness of the inverse problem of BLT. Thus, the MDS method had superior location accuracy, morphology recovery capability, and image contrast capability in the source reconstruction as compared with the TM method and spectral derivative (SD) method. In vivo experiments verified the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mengxiang Chu
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Guo, ; Xiaowei He,
| | - Xiangong Hu
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuelei He
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huangjian Yi
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- The Xi’an Key Laboratory of Radiomics and Intelligent Perception, Xi’an, China
- School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbo Guo, ; Xiaowei He,
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10
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Liu Y, Hu X, Chu M, Guo H, Yu J, He X. A Finite Element Mesh Regrouping Strategy-Based Hybrid Light Transport Model for Enhancing the Efficiency and Accuracy of XLCT. Front Oncol 2022; 11:751139. [PMID: 35111664 PMCID: PMC8801618 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality in optical molecular imaging, which has attracted more attention and has been widely studied. In XLCT, the accuracy and operational efficiency of an optical transmission model play a decisive role in the rapid and accurate reconstruction of light sources. For simulation of optical transmission characteristics in XLCT, considering the limitations of the diffusion equation (DE) and the time and memory costs of simplified spherical harmonic approximation equation (SPN), a hybrid light transport model needs to be built. DE and SPN models are first-order and higher-order approximations of RTE, respectively. Due to the discontinuity of the regions using the DE and SPN models and the inconsistencies of the system matrix dimensions constructed by the two models in the solving process, the system matrix construction of a hybrid light transmission model is a problem to be solved. We provided a new finite element mesh regrouping strategy-based hybrid light transport model for XLCT. Firstly, based on the finite element mesh regrouping strategy, two separate meshes can be obtained. Thus, for DE and SPN models, the system matrixes and source weight matrixes can be calculated separately in two respective mesh systems. Meanwhile, some parallel computation strategy can be combined with finite element mesh regrouping strategy to further save the system matrix calculation time. Then, the two system matrixes with different dimensions were coupled though repeated nodes were processed according to the hybrid boundary conditions, the two meshes were combined into a regrouping mesh, and the hybrid optical transmission model was established. In addition, the proposed method can reduce the computational memory consumption than the previously proposed hybrid light transport model achieving good balance between computational accuracy and efficiency. The forward numerical simulation results showed that the proposed method had better transmission accuracy and achieved a balance between efficiency and accuracy. The reverse simulation results showed that the proposed method had superior location accuracy, morphological recovery capability, and image contrast capability in source reconstruction. In-vivo experiments verified the practicability and effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Radiomics and Intelligent Sense of Xi'an, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Radiomics and Intelligent Sense of Xi'an, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengxiang Chu
- Key Laboratory for Radiomics and Intelligent Sense of Xi'an, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory for Radiomics and Intelligent Sense of Xi'an, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaowei He
- Key Laboratory for Radiomics and Intelligent Sense of Xi'an, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,School of Information Sciences and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Network and Data Center, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Deng Z, Xu X, Iordachita I, Dehghani H, Zhang B, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Bioluminescence tomography system for in vivo irradiation guidance. BIOPHOTONICS CONGRESS: BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022 (TRANSLATIONAL, MICROSCOPY, OCT, OTS, BRAIN) 2022; 2022. [PMID: 36996332 PMCID: PMC10047798 DOI: 10.1364/ots.2022.otu2d.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We constructed a bioluminescence tomography(BLT) to localize soft tissue targets for preclinical radiotherapy study. With the threshold and margin designed for target volume, BLT can provide opportunity to perform conformal irradiation to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - John W. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
- Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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12
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Deng Z, Xu X, Dehghani H, Sforza DM, Iordachita I, Lim M, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Quantitative Bioluminescence Tomography for In Vivo Volumetric-Guided Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:701-731. [PMID: 34837208 PMCID: PMC9098109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several groups, including ours, have initiated efforts to develop small-animal irradiators that mimic radiation therapy (RT) for human treatment. The major image modality used to guide irradiation is cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). While CBCT provides excellent guidance capability, it is less adept at localizing soft tissue targets growing in a low image contrast environment. In contrast, bioluminescence imaging (BLI) provides strong image contrast and thus is an attractive solution for soft tissue targeting. However, commonly used 2D BLI on an animal surface is inadequate to guide irradiation, because optical transport from an internal bioluminescent tumor is highly susceptible to the effects of optical path length and tissue absorption and scattering. Recognition of these limitations led us to integrate 3D bioluminescence tomography (BLT) with the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP). In this chapter, we introduce quantitative BLT (QBLT) with the advanced capabilities of quantifying tumor volume for irradiation guidance. The detail of system components, calibration protocol, and step-by-step procedure to conduct the QBLT-guided irradiation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel M Sforza
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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13
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Xu X, Deng Z, Dehghani H, Iordachita I, Lim M, Wong JW, Wang KKH. Quantitative Bioluminescence Tomography-guided Conformal Irradiation for Preclinical Radiation Research. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1310-1321. [PMID: 34411639 PMCID: PMC8602741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Widely used cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided irradiators in preclinical radiation research are limited to localize soft tissue target because of low imaging contrast. Knowledge of target volume is a fundamental need for radiation therapy (RT). Without such information to guide radiation, normal tissue can be overirradiated, introducing experimental uncertainties. This led us to develop high-contrast quantitative bioluminescence tomography (QBLT) for guidance. The use of a 3-dimensional bioluminescence signal, related to cell viability, for preclinical radiation research is one step toward biology-guided RT. METHODS AND MATERIALS Our QBLT system enables multiprojection and multispectral bioluminescence imaging to maximize input data for the tomographic reconstruction. Accurate quantification of spectrum and dynamic change of in vivo signal were also accounted for the QBLT. A spectral-derivative method was implemented to eliminate the modeling of the light propagation from animal surface to detector. We demonstrated the QBLT capability of guiding conformal RT using a bioluminescent glioblastoma (GBM) model in vivo. A threshold was determined to delineate QBLT reconstructed gross target volume (GTVQBLT), which provides the best overlap between the GTVQBLT and CBCT contrast labeled GBM (GTV), used as the ground truth for GBM volume. To account for the uncertainty of GTVQBLT in target positioning and volume delineation, a margin was determined and added to the GTVQBLT to form a QBLT planning target volume (PTVQBLT) for guidance. RESULTS The QBLT can reconstruct in vivo GBM with localization accuracy within 1 mm. A 0.5-mm margin was determined and added to GTVQBLT to form PTVQBLT, largely improving tumor coverage from 75.0% (0 mm margin) to 97.9% in average, while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. With the goal of prescribed dose 5 Gy covering 95% of PTVQBLT, QBLT-guided 7-field conformal RT can effectively irradiate 99.4 ± 1.0% of GTV. CONCLUSIONS The QBLT provides a unique opportunity for investigators to use biologic information for target delineation, guiding conformal irradiation, and reducing normal tissue involvement, which is expected to increase reproducibility of scientific discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; Biomedical Imaging and Radiation Technology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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14
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Deng Z, Xu X, Dehghani H, Reyes J, Zheng L, Klose AD, Wong JW, Tran PT, Wang KKH. In vivo bioluminescence tomography-guided radiation research platform for pancreatic cancer: an initial study using subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 11224. [PMID: 33223595 DOI: 10.1117/12.2546503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse model(GEMM) that develops pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) offers an experimental system to advance our understanding of radiotherapy(RT) for pancreatic cancer. Cone beam CT(CBCT)-guided small animal radiation research platform(SARRP) has been developed to mimic the RT used for human. However, we recognized that CBCT is inadequate to localize the PDAC growing in low image contrast environment. We innovated bioluminescence tomography(BLT) to guide SARRP irradiation for in vivo PDAC. Before working on the complex PDAC-GEMM, we first validated our BLT target localization using subcutaneous and orthotopic pancreatic tumor models. Our BLT process involves the animal transport between the BLT system and SARRP. We inserted a titanium wire into the orthotopic tumor as the fiducial marker to track the tumor location and to validate the BLT reconstruction accuracy. Our data shows that with careful animal handling, minimum disturbance for target position was introduced during our BLT imaging procedure(<0.5mm). However, from longitudinal 2D bioluminescence image(BLI) study, the day-to-day location variation for an abdominal tumor can be significant. We also showed that the 2D BLI in single projection setting cannot accurately capture the abdominal tumor location. It renders that 3D BLT with multiple-projection is needed to quantify the tumor volume and location for precise radiation research. Our initial results show the BLT can retrieve the location at 2mm accuracy for both tumor models, and the tumor volume can be delineated within 25% accuracy. The study for the subcutaneous and orthotopic models will provide us valuable knowledge for BLT-guided PDAC-GEMM radiation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK B15 2TT
| | - Juvenal Reyes
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287.,Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program for Pancreatic Cancer, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | | | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA 21287
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15
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Bentley A, Rowe JE, Dehghani H. Simultaneous diffuse optical and bioluminescence tomography to account for signal attenuation to improve source localization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6428-6444. [PMID: 33282499 PMCID: PMC7687966 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photonics based pre-clinical imaging is an extensively used technique to allow for the study of biologically relevant activity typically within a small-mouse model. Namely, bioluminescent tomography (BLT) attempts to tomographically reconstruct the 3-dimensional spatial light distribution of luminophores within a small animal given surface light measurements and known underlying optical parameters. Often it is the case where these optical parameters are unknown leading to the use of a 'best' guess approach or to direct measurements using either a multi-modal or dedicated system. Using these conventional approaches can lead to both inaccurate results and extending periods of imaging time. This work introduces the development of an algorithm that is used to accurately localize the spatial light distribution from a bioluminescence source within a subject by simultaneously reconstructing both the underlying optical properties and source spatial distribution and intensity from the same set of surface measurements. Through its application in 2- and 3-dimensional, homogeneous and heterogenous numerical models, it is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is capable of replicating results as compared to 'gold' standard where the absolute optical properties are known. Additionally, the algorithm has been applied to experimental data using a tissue mimicking block phantom, recovering a spatial light distribution that has a localization error of ∼1.53 mm, which is better than previously published results without the need of assumptions regarding the underlying optical properties or source distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bentley
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan E. Rowe
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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16
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Hebden JC. Exploring the feasibility of wavelength modulated near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200245LRR. [PMID: 33150775 PMCID: PMC7610139 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.11.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the concentrations of tissue chromophores has typically relied on three alternative technological approaches: continuous-wave, frequency-domain, and time-domain. It is often the case that uncertain and variable coupling of light into and out of the skin surface renders absolute measurements unreliable, and NIRS methods are mostly used to measure changes of chromophore concentrations and of physiological parameters such as blood volume and oxygenation. AIM The aim has been to investigate whether an approach based on a wavelength-modulated source may enable measurements to be acquired, which are independent of surface coupling and may facilitate derivation of absolute values of tissue parameters. APPROACH An analysis is performed using the modified Beer-Lambert law. RESULTS It is shown that the relative modulation in detected intensity resulting from a wavelength-modulated source could be used to estimate absolute concentrations of chromophores if unknown surface coupling losses and geometrical factors are insensitive to small changes in wavelength. CONCLUSIONS Wavelength modulated NIRS could be an effective tool for quantitative in vivo analysis of tissues, although it may be technically challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Hebden
- University College London, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Jeremy C. Hebden,
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17
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Mellors BOL, Spear AM, Howle CR, Curtis K, Macildowie S, Dehghani H. Machine learning utilising spectral derivative data improves cellular health classification through hyperspectral infra-red spectroscopy. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238647. [PMID: 32931514 PMCID: PMC7491715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective differentiation of facets of cellular metabolism is important for several clinical applications, including accurate definition of tumour boundaries and targeted wound debridement. To this end, spectral biomarkers to differentiate live and necrotic/apoptotic cells have been defined using in vitro methods. The delineation of different cellular states using spectroscopic methods is difficult due to the complex nature of these biological processes. Sophisticated, objective classification methods will therefore be important for such differentiation. In this study, spectral data from healthy/traumatised cell samples using hyperspectral imaging between 2500-3500 nm were collected using a portable prototype device. Machine learning algorithms, in the form of clustering, have been performed on a variety of pre-processing data types including 'raw' unprocessed, smoothed resampling, background subtracted and spectral derivative. The resulting clusters were utilised as a diagnostic tool for the assessment of cellular health and quantified using both sensitivity and specificity to compare the different analysis methods. The raw data exhibited differences for one of the three different trauma types applied, although unable to accurately cluster all the traumatised samples due to signal contamination from the chemical insult. The background subtracted and smoothed data sets reduced the accuracy further, due to the apparent removal of key spectral features which exhibit cellular health. However, the spectral derivative data-types significantly improved the accuracy of clustering compared to other data types, with both sensitivity and specificity for the background subtracted data set being >94% highlighting its utility to account for unknown signal contamination while maintaining important cellular spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O. L. Mellors
- Physical Sciences for Health Centre for Doctoral Training, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail M. Spear
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher R. Howle
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly Curtis
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Macildowie
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Gao P, Cheng K, Schüler E, Jia M, Zhao W, Xing L. Restarted primal-dual Newton conjugate gradient method for enhanced spatial resolution of reconstructed cone-beam x-ray luminescence computed tomography images. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:135008. [PMID: 32268318 PMCID: PMC7594591 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab87fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cone-beam x-ray luminescence computed tomography (CB-XLCT) has been proposed as a promising imaging tool, which enables three-dimensional imaging of the distribution of nanophosphors (NPs) in small animals. However, the reconstruction performance is usually unsatisfactory in terms of spatial resolution due to the ill-posedness of the CB-XLCT inverse problem. To alleviate this problem and to achieve high spatial resolution, a reconstruction method consisting of inner and outer iterations based on a restarted strategy is proposed. In this method, the primal-dual Newton conjugate gradient method (pdNCG) is adopted in the inner iterations to get fast reconstruction, which is used for resetting the permission region and increasing the convergence speed of the outer iteration. To assess the performance of the method, both numerical simulation and physical phantom experiments were conducted with a CB-XLCT system. The results demonstrate that compared with conventional reconstruction methods, the proposed re-pdNCG method can accurately and efficiently resolve the adjacent NPs with the least relative error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, People’s Republic of China
- These authors contributed to this work equally
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
- These authors contributed to this work equally
| | - Emil Schüler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Mengyu Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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19
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Development of an embedded multimodality imaging platform for onco-pharmacology using a smart anticancer prodrug as an example. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2661. [PMID: 32060400 PMCID: PMC7021674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, in vivo imaging holds a strategic position in bio-pharmaceutical innovation. We will present the implementation of an integrated multimodal imaging setup enabling the assessment of multiple, complementary parameters. The system allows the fusion of information provided by: Near infrared fluorescent biomarkers, bioluminescence (for tumor proliferation status), Photoacoustic and Ultrasound imaging. We will study representative applications to the development of a smart prodrug, delivering a highly cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent to cancer tumors. The results realized the ability of this embedded, multimodality imaging platform to firstly detect bioluminescent and fluorescent signals, and secondly, record ultrasound and photoacoustic data from the same animal. This study demonstrated that the prodrug was effective in three different models of hypoxia in human cancers compared to the parental cytotoxic agent and the vehicle groups. Monitoring by photoacoustic imaging during the treatments revealed that the prodrug exhibits an intrinsic capability to prevent the progression of tumor hypoxia. It is essential for onco-pharmacology studies to precisely document the hypoxic status of tumors both before and during the time course of treatments. This approach opens new perspectives for exploitation of preclinical mouse models of cancer, especially when considering associations between hypoxia, neoangiogenesis and antitumor activity.
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20
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Deng Z, Xu X, Garzon-Muvdi T, Xia Y, Kim E, Belcaid Z, Luksik A, Maxwell R, Choi J, Wang H, Yu J, Iordachita I, Lim M, Wong JW, Wang KKH. In Vivo Bioluminescence Tomography Center of Mass-Guided Conformal Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 106:612-620. [PMID: 31738948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-guided small animal radiation research platform (SARRP) has provided unique opportunities to test radiobiologic hypotheses. However, CBCT is less adept to localize soft tissue targets growing in a low imaging contrast environment. Three-dimensional bioluminescence tomography (BLT) provides strong image contrast and thus offers an attractive solution. We introduced a novel and efficient BLT-guided conformal radiation therapy and demonstrated it in an orthotopic glioblastoma (GBM) model. METHODS AND MATERIALS A multispectral BLT system was integrated with SARRP for radiation therapy (RT) guidance. GBM growth curve was first established by contrast CBCT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to derive equivalent sphere as approximated gross target volume (aGTV). For BLT, mice were subject to multispectral bioluminescence imaging, followed by SARRP CBCT imaging and optical reconstruction. The CBCT image was acquired to generate anatomic mesh for the reconstruction and RT planning. To ensure high accuracy of the BLT-reconstructed center of mass (CoM) for target localization, we optimized the optical absorption coefficients μa by minimizing the distance between the CoMs of BLT reconstruction and contrast CBCT/MRI-delineated GBM volume. The aGTV combined with the uncertainties of BLT CoM localization and target volume determination was used to generate estimated target volume (ETV). For conformal irradiation procedure, the GBM was first localized by the predetermined ETV centered at BLT-reconstructed CoM, followed by SARRP radiation. The irradiation accuracy was qualitatively confirmed by pathologic staining. RESULTS Deviation between CoMs of BLT reconstruction and contrast CBCT/MRI-imaged GBM is approximately 1 mm. Our derived ETV centered at BLT-reconstructed CoM covers >95% of the tumor volume. Using the second-week GBM as an example, the ETV-based BLT-guided irradiation can cover 95.4% ± 4.7% tumor volume at prescribed dose. The pathologic staining demonstrated the BLT-guided irradiated area overlapped well with the GBM location. CONCLUSIONS The BLT-guided RT enables 3-dimensional conformal radiation for important orthotopic tumor models, which provides investigators a new preclinical research capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tomas Garzon-Muvdi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eileen Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zineb Belcaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Luksik
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Russell Maxwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hailun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jingjing Yu
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Shanxi, China
| | - Iulian Iordachita
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John W Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ken Kang-Hsin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Bentley A, Rowe JE, Dehghani H. Single pixel hyperspectral bioluminescence tomography based on compressive sensing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:5549-5564. [PMID: 31799030 PMCID: PMC6865106 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.005549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Photonics based imaging is a widely utilised technique for the study of biological functions within pre-clinical studies. Specifically, bioluminescence imaging is a sensitive non-invasive and non-contact optical imaging technique that is able to detect distributed (biologically informative) visible and near-infrared activated light sources within tissue, providing information about tissue function. Compressive sensing (CS) is a method of signal processing that works on the basis that a signal or image can be compressed without important information being lost. This work describes the development of a CS based hyperspectral Bioluminescence imaging system that is used to collect compressed fluence data from the external surface of an animal model, due to an internal source, providing lower acquisition times, higher spectral content and potentially better tomographic source localisation. The work demonstrates that hyperspectral surface fluence images of both block and mouse shaped phantom due to internal light sources could be obtained at 30% of the time and measurements it would take to collect the data using conventional raster scanning methods. Using hyperspectral data, tomographic reconstruction of internal light sources can be carried out using any desired number of wavelengths and spectral bandwidth. Reconstructed images of internal light sources using four wavelengths as obtained through CS are presented showing a localisation error of ∼3 mm. Additionally, tomographic images of dual-colored sources demonstrating multi-wavelength light sources being recovered are presented further highlighting the benefits of the hyperspectral system for utilising multi-colored biomarker applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bentley
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan E. Rowe
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Hamid Dehghani
- School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
- Physical Sciences for Health Doctoral Training Centre, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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