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Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Compound Lens Based on Pancharatnam–Berry Phase. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) compound lens based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase. The phase of the FLC compound lens is an integration of polarization grating and a PB lens. Thus, when light passes through an FLC compound lens, the output light’s polarization handedness will be changed accordingly. In this case, FLC compound lenses can function as concave/convex lenses with spatially separated output light and rapid transmittance tunability. The FLC compound lenses were fabricated using a single-step holographic exposure system, based on a spatial light modulator working as numerous phase retarders. Photosensitive azo-dye material was used as the aligning layer. The output light transmittance of the FLC compound lens can be operated at 150 μs. Our results achieve the potential applications on various displays and augmented reality.
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Schmidt C, Planchette AL, Nguyen D, Giardina G, Neuenschwander Y, Franco MD, Mylonas A, Descloux AC, Pomarico E, Radenovic A, Extermann J. High resolution optical projection tomography platform for multispectral imaging of the mouse gut. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3619-3629. [PMID: 34221683 PMCID: PMC8221953 DOI: 10.1364/boe.423284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical projection tomography (OPT) is a powerful tool for three-dimensional imaging of mesoscopic biological samples with great use for biomedical phenotyping studies. We present a fluorescent OPT platform that enables direct visualization of biological specimens and processes at a centimeter scale with high spatial resolution, as well as fast data throughput and reconstruction. We demonstrate nearly isotropic sub-28 µm resolution over more than 60 mm3 after reconstruction of a single acquisition. Our setup is optimized for imaging the mouse gut at multiple wavelengths. Thanks to a new sample preparation protocol specifically developed for gut specimens, we can observe the spatial arrangement of the intestinal villi and the vasculature network of a 3-cm long healthy mouse gut. Besides the blood vessel network surrounding the gastrointestinal tract, we observe traces of vasculature at the villi ends close to the lumen. The combination of rapid acquisition and a large field of view with high spatial resolution in 3D mesoscopic imaging holds an invaluable potential for gastrointestinal pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Schmidt
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arielle L. Planchette
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Nguyen
- Zlatic Lab, Neurobiology, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Giardina
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yoan Neuenschwander
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Di Franco
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Mylonas
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrien C. Descloux
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Pomarico
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Laboratoire de Biologie à l’Échelle Nanométrique, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Extermann
- HEPIA/HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Rue de la Prairie 4, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Three-dimensional bright-field microscopy with isotropic resolution based on multi-view acquisition and image fusion reconstruction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12771. [PMID: 32728161 PMCID: PMC7392767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) is a powerful three-dimensional imaging technique used for the observation of millimeter-scaled biological samples, compatible with bright-field and fluorescence contrast. OPT is affected by spatially variant artifacts caused by the fact that light diffraction is not taken into account by the straight-light propagation models used for reconstruction. These artifacts hinder high-resolution imaging with OPT. In this work we show that, by using a multiview imaging approach, a 3D reconstruction of the bright-field contrast can be obtained without the diffraction artifacts typical of OPT, drastically reducing the amount of acquired data, compared to previously reported approaches. The method, purely based on bright-field contrast of the unstained sample, provides a comprehensive picture of the sample anatomy, as demonstrated in vivo on Arabidopsis thaliana and zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, this bright-field reconstruction can be implemented on practically any multi-view light-sheet fluorescence microscope without complex hardware modifications or calibrations, complementing the fluorescence information with tissue anatomy.
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Sandoval C, Kim AD. Generalized Kubelka-Munk approximation for multiple scattering of polarized light. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2017; 34:153-160. [PMID: 28157841 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.34.000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new model for multiple scattering of polarized light by statistically isotropic and mirror-symmetric particles, which we call the generalized Kubelka-Munk (gKM) approximation. It is obtained through a linear transformation of the system of equations resulting from applying the double spherical harmonics approximation of order one to the vector radiative transfer equation (vRTE). The result is a 32×32 system of differential equations that is much simpler than the vRTE. We compare numerical solutions of the vRTE with the gKM approximation for the problem in which a plane wave is normally incident on a plane-parallel slab composed of a uniform absorbing and scattering medium. These comparisons show that the gKM approximation accurately captures the key features of the polarization state of multiply scattered light. In particular, the gKM approximation accurately captures the complicated polarization characteristics of light backscattered by an optically thick medium composed of a monodisperse distribution of dielectric spheres over a broad range of sphere sizes.
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Tricoli U, Macdonald CM, Silva AD, Markel VA. Reciprocity relation for the vector radiative transport equation and its application to diffuse optical tomography with polarized light. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:362-365. [PMID: 28081113 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We derive a reciprocity relation for the 3D vector radiative transport equation that describes propagation of polarized light in multiple-scattering media. We then show how this result, together with translational invariance of a plane-parallel sample, can be used to efficiently compute the sensitivity kernel of diffuse optical tomography by Monte Carlo simulations. Numerical examples of polarization-selective sensitivity kernels are given.
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Soloviev VY. Polarized light transport in refractive weak scattering media. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:1323-1330. [PMID: 27409689 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is devoted to modeling of the light transport in refractive and weak scattering media by means of the vector radiative transfer equation. In refractive media polarization of light depends not only on the law of scattering but also on the refractive index distribution and can change along curved light trajectories according to the Rytov law of the polarization ellipse rotation. Results of numerical simulations are presented in the form of CCD camera images, which is how data are acquired in tomographic imaging experiments.
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Soloviev VY. Light transport in refractive turbid media. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2016; 33:383-390. [PMID: 26974907 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.33.000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering in refractive media can be used for visualization of caustics and singularities of wavefronts of the incident radiation. Its modeling requires solving the radiative transfer equation. Numerical solution of the radiative transfer equation in turbid media with a spatially varying refractive index is presented and discussed in this paper. The approach is based on the self-consistent approximation of the radiative transfer equation and results in a relatively inexpensive and robust numerical algorithm. Simulations are presented for several cases including a weakly scattering medium with varying refractive index and a refractive weakly scattering medium with embedded highly scattering objects.
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Fang M, Dong D, Zeng C, Liang X, Yang X, Arranz A, Ripoll J, Hui H, Tian J. Polarization-sensitive optical projection tomography for muscle fiber imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19241. [PMID: 26752330 PMCID: PMC4707546 DOI: 10.1038/srep19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical projection tomography (OPT) is a tool used for three-dimensional imaging of millimeter-scale biological samples, with the advantage of exhibiting isotropic resolution typically in the micron range. OPT can be divided into two types: transmission OPT (tOPT) and emission OPT (eOPT). Compared with eOPT, tOPT discriminates different tissues based on their absorption coefficient, either intrinsic or after specific staining. However, it fails to distinguish muscle fibers whose absorption coefficients are similar to surrounding tissues. To circumvent this problem, in this article we demonstrate a polarization sensitive OPT system which improves the detection and 3D imaging of muscle fibers by using polarized light. We also developed image acquisition and processing protocols that, together with the system, enable the clear visualization of muscles. Experimental results show that the muscle fibers of diaphragm and stomach, difficult to be distinguished in regular tOPT, were clearly displayed in our system, proving its potential use. Moreover, polarization sensitive OPT was fused with tOPT to investigate the stomach tissue comprehensively. Future applications of polarization sensitive OPT could be imaging other fiber-like structures such as myocardium or other tissues presenting high optical anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Di Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chaoting Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Alicia Arranz
- Center for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid 28911, Spain
| | - Hui Hui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing 100190, China
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González-Rodríguez P, Kim AD, Moscoso M. Robust depth selectivity in mesoscopic scattering regimes using angle-resolved measurements. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:787-789. [PMID: 23455299 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study optical imaging of tissues in the mesoscopic scattering regime in which light multiply scatters in tissues but is not fully diffusive. We use the radiative transport equation to model light propagation and an ℓ1-optimization method to solve the inverse source problem. We show that recovering the location and strength of several point-like sources that are close to each other is not possible when using angle-averaged measurements. The image reliability is limited by a spatial scale that is on the order of the transport mean-free path, even under the most ideal conditions. However, by using just a few angle-resolved measurements, the proposed method is able to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P González-Rodríguez
- Gregorio Millán Institute, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés 28911, Spain.
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Yang D, Chen X, Peng Z, Wang X, Ripoll J, Wang J, Liang J. Light transport in turbid media with non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption heterogeneities based on hybrid simplified spherical harmonics with radiosity model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2209-23. [PMID: 24156077 PMCID: PMC3799679 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Modeling light propagation in the whole body is essential and necessary for optical imaging. However, non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption regions commonly exist in biological tissues, which lead to inaccuracy of the existing light transport models. In this paper, a novel hybrid light transport model that couples the simplified spherical harmonics approximation (SPN) with the radiosity theory (HSRM) was presented, to accurately describe light transport in turbid media with non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption heterogeneities. In the model, the radiosity theory was used to characterize the light transport in non-scattering regions and the SPN was employed to handle the scattering problems, including subsets of low-scattering and high absorption. A Neumann source constructed by the light transport in the non-scattering region and formed at the interface between the non-scattering and scattering regions was superposed into the original light source, to couple the SPN with the radiosity theory. The accuracy and effectiveness of the HSRM was first verified with both regular and digital mouse model based simulations and a physical phantom based experiment. The feasibility and applicability of the HSRM was then investigated by a broad range of optical properties. Lastly, the influence of depth of the light source on the model was also discussed. Primary results showed that the proposed model provided high performance for light transport in turbid media with non-scattering, low-scattering and high absorption heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xueli Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Zhen Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
- School of Technical Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
| | - Jorge Ripoll
- Department of Bioengineering and Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jimin Liang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710071, China
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