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Yang G, Liu Z, Zhou F, Zhuo S, Qin Y, Luo X, Ji C, Xie Y, Yang R. Effect of symmetry breaking on multi-plasmon-induced transparency based on single-layer graphene metamaterials with strips and rings. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:841-848. [PMID: 37133181 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.480646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A single-layer graphene metamaterial consisting of a horizontal graphene strip, four vertical graphene strips, and two graphene rings is proposed to realize tunable multi-plasma-induced transparency (MPIT) by the coupled mode theory and the finite-difference time-domain method. A switch with three modulation modes is realized by dynamically adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. Moreover, the effect of symmetry breaking on MPIT is investigated by controlling the geometric parameters of graphene metamaterials. Triple-PIT, dual-PIT, single-PIT can be transformed into each other. The proposed structure and results provide guidance for applications such as designing photoelectric switches and modulators.
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Zhuo S, Liu Z, Zhou F, Qin Y, Luo X, Ji C, Yang G, Yang R, Xie Y. THz broadband and dual-channel perfect absorbers based on patterned graphene and vanadium dioxide metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:47647-47658. [PMID: 36558688 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel and perfect absorber based on patterned graphene and vanadium dioxide hybrid metamaterial, which can not only achieve wide-band perfect absorption and dual-channel absorption in the terahertz band, but also realize their conversion by adjusting the temperature to control the metallic or insulating phase of VO2. Firstly, the absorption spectrum of the proposed structure is analyzed without graphene, where the absorption can reach as high as 100% at one frequency point (f = 5.956 THz) when VO2 is in the metal phase. What merits attention is that the addition of graphene above the structure enhances the almost 100% absorption from one frequency point (f = 5.956 THz) to a wide frequency band, in which the broadband width records 1.683 THz. Secondly, when VO2 is the insulating phase, the absorption of the metamaterial structure with graphene outperforms better, and two high absorption peaks are formed, logging 100% and 90.7% at f3 = 5.545 THz and f4 = 7.684 THz, respectively. Lastly, the adjustment of the Fermi level of graphene from 0.8 eV to 1.1 eV incurs an obvious blueshift of the absorption spectra, where an asynchronous optical switch can be achieved at fK1 = 5.782 THz and fK2 = 6.898 THz. Besides, the absorber exhibits polarization sensitivity at f3 = 5.545 THz, and polarization insensitivity at f4 = 7.684 THz with the shift in the polarization angle of incident light from 0° to 90°. Accordingly, this paper gives insights into the new method that increases the high absorption width, as well as the great potential in the multifunctional modulator.
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Liu Z, Zhuo S, Zhou F, Zhang X, Qin Y, Luo X, Ji C, Yang G. Double Narrowband Induced Perfect Absorption Photonic Sensor Based on Graphene-Dielectric-Gold Hybrid Metamaterial. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:85. [PMID: 36057865 PMCID: PMC9441415 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Double narrowband induced perfect absorption in the terahertz region is achieved in a graphene-dielectric-gold hybrid metamaterial, whose physical mechanism is analyzed using the coupled-mode theory (CMT), which agreed well with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. This study found that the Fermi level of graphene can be adjusted to improve the absorptivity when the refractive index (RI) nd of the chosen dielectric cannot achieve a good absorption effect. In addition, the blue shift of absorption spectrum can be used in the design of dual-frequency electro-optical switches, of which the modulation degree of amplitude (MDA) can reach as high as 94.05% and 93.41%, indicating that this is a very promising electro-optical switch. Most significantly, the RI sensing performance is investigated, which shows an ultra-high absorption sensitivity SA = 4.4°/RIU, wavelength sensitivity Sλ = 9.8°/RIU, and phase shift sensitivity Sφ = 2691°/RIU. At last, an interesting finding is that the two peaks (R1 and R2) of plasmon-induced absorption (PIA) show different polarization characteristics (insensitive or sensitive) to the incident light angle; this polarization-sensitive is particularly important for the PIT/PIA-based optical polarizers. Undoubtedly, this paper is of great significance to the research and design of terahertz photonic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Liu
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Shanshan Zhuo
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Fengqi Zhou
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Yipeng Qin
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Xin Luo
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Cheng Ji
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- School of Science, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, 330013 China
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Xiao G, Zhou S, Yang H, Lin Z, Li H, Liu X, Chen Z, Sun T, Wangyang P, Li J. Dynamically Tunable and Multifunctional Polarization Beam Splitters Based on Graphene Metasurfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3022. [PMID: 36080058 PMCID: PMC9458131 DOI: 10.3390/nano12173022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) approach, we propose a graphene metasurface-based and multifunctional polarization beam splitter that is dynamically tunable. The structure, comprising two graphene strips at the top and bottom and four triangular graphene blocks in the center layer, can achieve triple plasma-induced transparency (PIT). In a single polarization state, the computational results reveal that synchronous or asynchronous six-mode electro-optical switching modulation may be performed by modifying the Fermi levels of graphene, with a maximum modulation degree of amplitude (MDA) of 97.6% at 5.148 THz. In addition, by varying the polarization angle, a polarization-sensitive, tunable polarization beam splitter (PBS) with an extinction ratio and insertion loss of 19.6 dB and 0.35 dB at 6.143 THz, respectively, and a frequency modulation degree of 25.2% was realized. Combining PIT with polarization sensitivity provides a viable platform and concept for developing graphene metasurface-based multifunctional and tunable polarization devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhixiong Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Haiou Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zanhui Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Tangyou Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Peihua Wangyang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation Technology and Application, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jianqing Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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Zhuo S, Zhou F, Liu Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Luo X, Qin Y, Yang G, Ji C, Zhou Z, Sun L, Liu T. Terahertz multimode modulator based on tunable triple-plasmon-induced transparency in monolayer graphene metamaterials. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2022; 39:594-599. [PMID: 35471382 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.452393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A simple monolayer graphene metamaterial based on silicon/silica substrates is proposed, and typical triple-plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is realized in the terahertz band. The physical mechanism is analyzed by coupled mode theory (CMT), and the results of CMT agree well with the finite-difference time-domain simulation. A multimode electro-optical switch can be designed by dynamic tuning, and the modulation degrees of its resonant frequencies are 84.0%, 87.3%, 83.0%, 88.1%, and 76.7%. In addition, triple-PIT gradually degenerates into dual-PIT with a decrease in the length of one bright mode. Interestingly, the group index can reach 770 at Ef=0.8eV, which shows that it can be designed as a slow light device with extraordinary ability. Therefore, the results of this paper are of great significance to the research and design of electro-optical switches and slow light devices in the terahertz band.
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