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Pérez GO, Dueñas JM, Guzmán-Silva D, Torres LEFF, Hermann-Avigliano C. Transport of non-classical light mediated by topological domain walls in a SSH photonic lattice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12435. [PMID: 38816484 PMCID: PMC11139866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in photonics technologies have significantly enhanced their capability to facilitate experiments involving quantum light, even at room temperature. Nevertheless, fully integrating photonic chips that include quantum light sources, effective manipulation and transport of light minimizing losses, and appropriate detection systems remains an ongoing challenge. Topological photonic systems have emerged as promising platforms to protect quantum light properties during propagation, beyond merely preserving light intensity. In this work, we delve into the dynamics of non-classical light traversing a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger photonic lattice with topological domain walls. Our focus centers on how topology influences the quantum properties of light as it moves across the array. By precisely adjusting the spacing between waveguides, we achieve dynamic repositioning and interaction of domain walls, facilitating effective beam-splitting operations. Our findings demonstrate high-fidelity transport of non-classical light across the lattice, replicating known results that are now safeguarded by the topology of the system. This protection is especially beneficial for quantum communication protocols with continuous variable states. Our study enhances the understanding of light dynamics in topological photonic systems and paves the way for high-fidelity, topology-protected quantum communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O'Ryan Pérez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina Dueñas
- ICN2-Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Phyics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Guzmán-Silva
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E F Foa Torres
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Hermann-Avigliano
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile.
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2
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Reitz B, Evertz A, Basten R, Wurz MC, Overmeyer L. Integrated multimode optical waveguides in glass using laser induced deep etching. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:895-903. [PMID: 38437385 DOI: 10.1364/ao.506670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Glass is an ideal material for optical applications, even though only a few micromachining technologies for material ablation are available. These microstructuring methods are limited regarding precision and freedom of design. A micromachining process for glass is laser induced deep etching (LIDE). Without generating micro-cracks, introducing stress, or other damages, it can precisely machine many types of glass. This work uses LIDE to subtractive manufacture structures in glass carrier substrates. Due to its transmission characteristics and refractive index, the glass substrate serves as optical cladding for polymer waveguides. In this paper, the described fabrication process can be divided into two sub-steps. The doctor blade technique and subsequent additive process step is used in manufacturing cavities with U-shaped cross-sections in glass in order to fill the trenches with liquid optical polymers, which are globally UV-cured. Based on the higher refractive index of the polymer, it enables optical waveguiding in the visible to near-infrared wavelength range. This novel, to the best of our knoowledge, manufacturing method is called LDB (LIDE-doctor-blade); it can be the missing link between long-distance transmissions and on-chip solutions on the packaging level. For validation, optical waveguides are examined regarding their geometrical dimensions, surface roughness, and waveguiding ability, such as intensity distribution and length-dependent attenuation.
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3
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Wang LC, Chen Y, Tian ZN, Wang YD, Ren XF, Chen QD. Observation of delocalization transition in topological waveguide arrays with long-range interactions. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3283-3286. [PMID: 37319082 DOI: 10.1364/ol.493113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Topological edge states are a generic feature of topological insulators, and the long-range interactions, which break certain properties of topological edge states, are always non-negligible in real physical systems. In this Letter, we investigate the influence of next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) interactions on the topological properties of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model by extracting the survival probabilities at the boundary of the photonic lattices. By introducing a series of integrated photonic waveguide arrays with different strengths of long-range interactions, we experimentally observe delocalization transition of light in SSH lattices with nontrivial phase, which is in good agreement with our theoretical predictions. The results indicate that the NNN interactions can significantly affect the edge states, and that the localization of these states can be absent in topologically nontrivial phase. Our work provides an alternative way to investigate the interplay between long-range interactions and localized states, which may stimulate further interest in topological properties in relevant structures.
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4
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Wang LC, Chen Y, Gong M, Yu F, Chen QD, Tian ZN, Ren XF, Sun HB. Edge State, Localization Length, and Critical Exponent from Survival Probability in Topological Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173601. [PMID: 36332264 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Edge states in topological phase transitions have been observed in various platforms. To date, verification of the edge states and the associated topological invariant are mostly studied, and yet a quantitative measurement of topological phase transitions is still lacking. Here, we show the direct measurement of edge states and their localization lengths from survival probability. We employ photonic waveguide arrays to demonstrate the topological phase transitions based on the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. By measuring the survival probability at the lattice boundary, we show that in the long-time limit, the survival probability is P=(1-e^{-2/ξ_{loc}})^{2}, where ξ_{loc} is the localization length. This length derived from the survival probability is compared with the distance from the transition point, yielding a critical exponent of ν=0.94±0.04 at the phase boundary. Our experiment provides an alternative route to characterizing topological phase transitions and extracting their key physical quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Ming Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qi-Dai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing 100084, China
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5
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Viedma D, Queraltó G, Mompart J, Ahufinger V. High-efficiency topological pumping with discrete supersymmetry transformations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23531-23543. [PMID: 36225030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Making use of the isospectrality of Supersymmetry transformations, we propose a general and high-fidelity method to prepare gapped topological modes in discrete systems from a single-site excitation. The method consists of adiabatically connecting two superpartner structures, deforming the input state into the desired mode. We demonstrate the method by pumping topological states of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model in an optical waveguide array, where the adiabatic deformation is performed along the propagation direction. We obtain fidelities above F = 0.99 for a wide range of coupling strengths when pumping edge and interface states.
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6
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Salari V, Rodrigues S, Saglamyurek E, Simon C, Oblak D. Are Brain-Computer Interfaces Feasible With Integrated Photonic Chips? Front Neurosci 2022; 15:780344. [PMID: 35069099 PMCID: PMC8777191 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.780344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper examines the viability of a radically novel idea for brain-computer interface (BCI), which could lead to novel technological, experimental, and clinical applications. BCIs are computer-based systems that enable either one-way or two-way communication between a living brain and an external machine. BCIs read-out brain signals and transduce them into task commands, which are performed by a machine. In closed loop, the machine can stimulate the brain with appropriate signals. In recent years, it has been shown that there is some ultraweak light emission from neurons within or close to the visible and near-infrared parts of the optical spectrum. Such ultraweak photon emission (UPE) reflects the cellular (and body) oxidative status, and compelling pieces of evidence are beginning to emerge that UPE may well play an informational role in neuronal functions. In fact, several experiments point to a direct correlation between UPE intensity and neural activity, oxidative reactions, EEG activity, cerebral blood flow, cerebral energy metabolism, and release of glutamate. Therefore, we propose a novel skull implant BCI that uses UPE. We suggest that a photonic integrated chip installed on the interior surface of the skull may enable a new form of extraction of the relevant features from the UPE signals. In the current technology landscape, photonic technologies are advancing rapidly and poised to overtake many electrical technologies, due to their unique advantages, such as miniaturization, high speed, low thermal effects, and large integration capacity that allow for high yield, volume manufacturing, and lower cost. For our proposed BCI, we are making some very major conjectures, which need to be experimentally verified, and therefore we discuss the controversial parts, feasibility of technology and limitations, and potential impact of this envisaged technology if successfully implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Salari
- Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Bilbao, Spain
- Quantum Biology Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Erhan Saglamyurek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christoph Simon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Oblak
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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7
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Viedma D, Ahufinger V, Mompart J. Supersymmetry-enhanced stark-chirped rapid-adiabatic-passage in multimode optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:39200-39213. [PMID: 34809289 DOI: 10.1364/oe.442475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to efficiently pump an excited mode of a multimode optical waveguide starting from a fundamental-mode input by combining Stark-Chirped Rapid Adiabatic Passage (SCRAP) and Supersymmetry (SUSY) transformations. In a two-waveguide set, we implement SCRAP by modulating the core refractive index of one waveguide, which is evanescently coupled to its SUSY partner. SCRAP provides an efficient transfer of light intensity between the modes of different waveguides, while SUSY allows to control which modes are supported. Using both techniques allows to achieve fidelities above 99% for the pumping of the excited mode of a two-mode waveguide. Additionally, we show that SCRAP can be exploited to spatially separate superpositions of fundamental and excited modes, and how SUSY can also improve the results for this application.
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8
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Yu F, Tian ZN, Piacentini S, Li XY, Chen QD, Osellame R, Sun HB. Resetting directional couplers for high-fidelity quantum photonic integrated chips. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5181-5184. [PMID: 34653146 DOI: 10.1364/ol.439178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we propose a fabrication technique based on femtosecond laser secondary direct writing (FsLSDW) that allows us to statically reset the beam-splitting ratio of directional couplers. By modifying the interaction region with a second inscription, the coupling coefficient of the reconstructed devices can be indeed changed continuously within the range of 0.49-2.1 rad/mm, thus enabling a complete tunability of the reconstructed splitting ratio from zero to full power transfer between the waveguides. This powerful reconstruction capability facilitates the arbitrary reset of an imperfect device, from any initial splitting ratio to the correct one. In the future, such static control method could potentially solve the fabrication error problem in the manufacturing of high-fidelity large-scale integrated photonic quantum chips.
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9
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Skryabin NN, Dyakonov IV, Saygin MY, Kulik SP. Waveguide-lattice-based architecture for multichannel optical transformations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:26058-26067. [PMID: 34614919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We consider waveguide lattices as the architecture to implement a wide range of multiport transformations. In this architecture, a particular transfer matrix is obtained by setting step-wise profiles of propagation constants experienced by a field evolving in a lattice. To investigate the capabilities of this architecture, we numerically study the implementation of random transfer matrices as well as several notable cases, such as the discrete Fourier transform, the Hadamard, and permutation matrices. We show that waveguide lattice schemes are more compact than their traditional lumped-parameter counterparts, thus the proposed architecture may be beneficial for photonic information processing systems of the future.
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10
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Zhou WH, Wang XW, Gao J, Lu YH, Jiao ZQ, Ren RJ, Yang TH, Chang YJ, Jin XM. Topologically protecting quantum resources with sawtooth lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1584-1587. [PMID: 33793493 DOI: 10.1364/ol.418488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable noise and decoherence in the quantum circuit hinder its scalable development, so quantum error correction and quantumness protection for multiple controllable qubits system are necessary. The flatband in the dispersion relation, based on its inherent locality and high degenerate energy band structure, shows non-diffractive transport properties in the line spectrum and has the potential possibility to protect quantum resources in special lattices. The pioneer work has proved that the topologically boundary state is robust to protect the quantumness from disorder and perturbation, which inspires that quantumness can be protected anywhere in a periodic structure, including the boundary state and bulk state. Here, we show the topological protection of quantum resources with different state combinations in a sawtooth lattice. Photons can be localized at any degenerate eigenmode, and the localized effect is determined by only one parameter, without additional modulations. We show a high violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality up to 35 standard deviations by measuring cross correlation and auto-correlation of correlated photons. We verify that the topological protection is robust to different wavelengths of correlated photons. Our results suggest an alternative way of exploring topological protection in flatband and bulk state, demonstrating the powerful ability of topological photonics to protect quantum resources.
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11
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Lu YH, Wang Y, Mei F, Chang YJ, Gao J, Zheng H, Jia S, Jin XM. Real-space observation of topological invariants in 2D photonic systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:39492-39500. [PMID: 33379497 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Topological materials are capable of inherently robust transport and propagation of physical fields against disorder and perturbations, holding the promise of revolutionary technologies in a wide spectrum. Higher-order topological insulators are recently predicted as topological phases beyond the standard bulk-edge correspondence principle, however, their topological invariants have been proven very challenging to observe, even not possible yet by indirect ways. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that the topological invariants in two-dimensional systems can be directly revealed in real space by measuring single-photon bulk dynamics. By freely writing photonic lattices with femtosecond laser, we construct and identify the predicted second-order topological insulators, as well as first-order topological insulators with fractional topological winding number. Furthermore, we show that the accumulation and statistics on individual single-particle registrations can eventually lead to the same results of light waves, despite the fact that the development of topological physics was originally based on wave theories, sharing the same spirit of wave-particle nature in quantum mechanics. Our results offer a direct fashion of observing topological phases in two-dimensional systems and may inspire topologically protected artificial devices in high-order topology, high-dimension and quantum regime.
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12
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Maczewsky LJ, Heinrich M, Kremer M, Ivanov SK, Ehrhardt M, Martinez F, Kartashov YV, Konotop VV, Torner L, Bauer D, Szameit A. Nonlinearity-induced photonic topological insulator. Science 2020; 370:701-704. [PMID: 33154138 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark feature of topological insulators is robust edge transport that is impervious to scattering at defects and lattice disorder. We demonstrate a topological system, using a photonic platform, in which the existence of the topological phase is brought about by optical nonlinearity. The lattice structure remains topologically trivial in the linear regime, but as the optical power is increased above a certain power threshold, the system is driven into the topologically nontrivial regime. This transition is marked by the transient emergence of a protected unidirectional transport channel along the edge of the structure. Our work studies topological properties of matter in the nonlinear regime, providing a possible route for the development of compact devices that harness topological features in an on-demand fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Maczewsky
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Heinrich
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mark Kremer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey K Ivanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky lane 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.,Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str., 5, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Max Ehrhardt
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Franklin Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Yaroslav V Kartashov
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fizicheskaya Str., 5, Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia.,ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Vladimir V Konotop
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal.,Centro de Física Teórica e Computacional, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Lluis Torner
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dieter Bauer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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13
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Stojanović Krasić M, Stojanović M, Maluckov A, Maczewsky LJ, Szameit A, Stepić M. Localized modes in a two-dimensional lattice with a pluslike geometry. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:032207. [PMID: 33075910 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.032207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigate analytically and numerically the existence and dynamical stability of different localized modes in a two-dimensional photonic lattice comprising a square plaquette inscribed in the dodecagon lattices. The eigenvalue spectrum of the underlying linear lattice is characterized by a net formed of one flat band and four dispersive bands. By tailoring the intersite coupling coefficient ratio, opening of gaps between two pairs of neighboring dispersive bands can be induced, while the fully degenerate flat band characterized by compact eigenmodes stays nested between two inner dispersive bands. The nonlinearity destabilizes the compact modes and gives rise to unique families of localized modes in the newly opened gaps, as well as in the semi-infinite gaps. The governing mechanism of mode localization in that case is the light energy self-trapping effect. We have shown the stability of a few families of nonlinear modes in gaps. The suggested lattice model may serve for probing various artificial flat-band systems such as ultracold atoms in optical lattices, periodic electronic networks, and polariton condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjana Stojanović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Maluckov
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Milutin Stepić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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14
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Wang Y, Cui ZW, Lu YH, Zhang XM, Gao J, Chang YJ, Yung MH, Jin XM. Integrated Quantum-Walk Structure and NAND Tree on a Photonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:160502. [PMID: 33124854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.160502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the age of the post-Moore era, the next-generation computing model would be a hybrid architecture consisting of different physical components, such as photonic chips. In 2008, it was proposed that the solving of the NAND-tree problem can be sped up by quantum walk. This scheme is groundbreaking due to the universality of the NAND gate. However, experimental demonstration has not been achieved so far, mostly due to the challenge in preparing the propagating initial state. Here we propose an alternative solution by including a structure called a "quantum slide," where a propagating Gaussian wave packet can be generated deterministically along a properly engineered chain. In our experimental demonstration, the optical NAND tree is capable of solving computational problems with a total of four input bits, based on the femtosecond laser 3D direct-writing technique on a photonic chip. These results remove one main roadblock to photonic NAND-tree computation, and the construction of a quantum slide may find other interesting applications in quantum information and quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zi-Wei Cui
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Jun Chang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Man-Hong Yung
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Roth GL, Rung S, Esen C, Hellmann R. Microchannels inside bulk PMMA generated by femtosecond laser using adaptive beam shaping. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:5801-5811. [PMID: 32121795 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we report on the generation of internal microchannels with basically unlimited channel length inside of PMMA bulk material by femtosecond laser. A precisely controllable and stable circular channel cross section is obtained by using a spatial light modulator to compensate the writing depth depending spherical aberration. Furthermore, the generation of a rotatable elliptical input beam by adaptive optics ensures a fitting of the beam shaping to the writing direction. In this study, we report on both, the effect of the ellipticity of the input beam and the effect of a correction of the spherical aberration on the circularity of the resulting internal microchannels. Moreover, we demonstrate the application of this writing technique by creating microfluidic testing structures inside of a transparent standard polymer.
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Xu XY, Huang XL, Li ZM, Gao J, Jiao ZQ, Wang Y, Ren RJ, Zhang HP, Jin XM. A scalable photonic computer solving the subset sum problem. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay5853. [PMID: 32064352 PMCID: PMC6994215 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay5853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The subset sum problem (SSP) is a typical nondeterministic-polynomial-time (NP)-complete problem that is hard to solve efficiently in time with conventional computers. Photons have the unique features of high propagation speed, strong robustness, and low detectable energy level and therefore can be promising candidates to meet the challenge. Here, we present a scalable chip built-in photonic computer to efficiently solve the SSP. We map the problem into a three-dimensional waveguide network through a femtosecond laser direct writing technique. We show that the photons sufficiently dissipate into the networks and search for solutions in parallel. In the case of successive primes, our approach exhibits a dominant superiority in time consumption even compared with supercomputers. Our results confirm the ability of light to realize computations intractable for conventional computers, and suggest the SSP as a good benchmarking platform for the race between photonic and conventional computers on the way toward "photonic supremacy."
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yun Xu
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Lun Huang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Gao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ruo-Jing Ren
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H. P. Zhang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- Center for Integrated Quantum Information Technologies (IQIT), School of Physics and Astronomy and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang Y, Lu YH, Gao J, Sun K, Jiao ZQ, Tang H, Jin XM. Quantum Topological Boundary States in Quasi-Crystals. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1905624. [PMID: 31613398 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Topological phases play a novel and fundamental role in matter and display extraordinary robustness to smooth changes in material parameters or disorder. A crossover between topological material and quantum information may lead to inherent fault-tolerant quantum simulations and quantum computing. Quantum features may be preserved by being encoded among topological structures of physical evolution systems. This requires stimulation, manipulation, and observation of topological phenomena at the single quantum particle level, which has not, however, yet been realized. It is asked whether the quantum features of single photons can be preserved in topological structures. The boundary states are experimentally observed at the genuine single-photon level and the performance of the topological phase is demonstrated to protect the quantum features against diffusion-induced decoherence in coupled waveguides and noise decoherence from the ambient environment. Compatibility between macroscopic topological states and microscopic single photons in the ambient environment is thus confirmed, leading to a new avenue to "quantum topological photonics" and providing more new possibilities for quantum materials and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
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18
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Wang Y, Lu YH, Mei F, Gao J, Li ZM, Tang H, Zhu SL, Jia S, Jin XM. Direct Observation of Topology from Single-Photon Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:193903. [PMID: 31144968 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.193903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Topology manifesting in many branches of physics deepens our understanding on state of matters. Topological photonics has recently become a rapidly growing field since artificial photonic structures can be well designed and constructed to support topological states, especially a promising large-scale implementation of these states using photonic chips. Meanwhile, due to the inapplicability of Hall conductance to photons, it is still an elusive problem to directly measure the integer topological invariants and topological phase transitions in photonic system. Here, we present a direct observation of topological winding numbers by using bulk-state photon dynamics on a chip. Furthermore, we for the first time experimentally observe the topological phase transition points via single-photon dynamics. The integrated topological structures, direct measurement in the single-photon regime and strong robustness against disorder add the key elements into the toolbox of "quantum topological photonics" and may enable topologically protected quantum information processing in large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yong-Heng Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhan-Ming Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shi-Liang Zhu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Wang Y, Gao J, Pang XL, Jiao ZQ, Tang H, Chen Y, Qiao LF, Gao ZW, Dou JP, Yang AL, Jin XM. Parity-Induced Thermalization Gap in Disordered Ring Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:013903. [PMID: 31012669 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.013903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The gaps separating two different states widely exist in various physical systems: from the electrons in periodic lattices to the analogs in photonic, phononic, plasmonic systems, and even quasicrystals. Recently, a thermalization gap, an inaccessible range of photon statistics, was proposed for light in disordered structures [Nat. Phys. 11, 930 (2015)NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/nphys3482], which is intrinsically induced by the disorder-immune chiral symmetry and can be reflected by the photon statistics. The lattice topology was further identified as a decisive role in determining the photon statistics when the chiral symmetry is satisfied. Being very distinct from one-dimensional lattices, the photon statistics in ring lattices are dictated by its parity, i.e., odd or even sited. Here, we for the first time experimentally observe a parity-induced thermalization gap in strongly disordered ring photonic structures. In a limited scale, though the light tends to be localized, we are still able to find clear evidence of the parity-dependent disorder-immune chiral symmetry and the resulting thermalization gap by measuring photon statistics, while strong disorder-induced Anderson localization overwhelms such a phenomenon in larger-scale structures. Our results shed new light on the relation among symmetry, disorder, and localization, and may inspire new resources and artificial devices for information processing and quantum control on a photonic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Pang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Jiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Wei Gao
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jian-Peng Dou
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ai-Lin Yang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Wang CY, Gao J, Jin XM. On-chip rotated polarization directional coupler fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:102-105. [PMID: 30645553 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a rotated polarization directional coupler (RPDC) on a photonic chip. We demonstrate a double-track approach to modify the distribution of the refractive index between adjacent tracks and form a single waveguide with an arbitrary birefringent optical axis. We construct a RPDC with the two axis-rotated waveguides coupled in a strong regime. The obtained extinction ratios on average are about 16 dB and 20 dB for the corresponding orthogonal polarizations. We perform reconstruction of the Stokes vector to test the projection performance of our RPDC, and observe the average fidelities up to 98.1% and 96.0% for the perfectly initialized states in 0° and 45° RPDCs, respectively.
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21
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Zilberberg O, Huang S, Guglielmon J, Wang M, Chen KP, Kraus YE, Rechtsman MC. Photonic topological boundary pumping as a probe of 4D quantum Hall physics. Nature 2018; 553:59-62. [PMID: 29300011 DOI: 10.1038/nature25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
When a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas is placed in a perpendicular magnetic field, its in-plane transverse conductance becomes quantized; this is known as the quantum Hall effect. It arises from the non-trivial topology of the electronic band structure of the system, where an integer topological invariant (the first Chern number) leads to quantized Hall conductance. It has been shown theoretically that the quantum Hall effect can be generalized to four spatial dimensions, but so far this has not been realized experimentally because experimental systems are limited to three spatial dimensions. Here we use tunable 2D arrays of photonic waveguides to realize a dynamically generated four-dimensional (4D) quantum Hall system experimentally. The inter-waveguide separation in the array is constructed in such a way that the propagation of light through the device samples over momenta in two additional synthetic dimensions, thus realizing a 2D topological pump. As a result, the band structure has 4D topological invariants (known as second Chern numbers) that support a quantized bulk Hall response with 4D symmetry. In a finite-sized system, the 4D topological bulk response is carried by localized edge modes that cross the sample when the synthetic momenta are modulated. We observe this crossing directly through photon pumping of our system from edge to edge and corner to corner. These crossings are equivalent to charge pumping across a 4D system from one three-dimensional hypersurface to the spatially opposite one and from one 2D hyperedge to another. Our results provide a platform for the study of higher-dimensional topological physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Zilberberg
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jonathan Guglielmon
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Mohan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Kevin P Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Yaacov E Kraus
- Department of Physics, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon 5810201, Israel
| | - Mikael C Rechtsman
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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22
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Tang H, Lin XF, Feng Z, Chen JY, Gao J, Sun K, Wang CY, Lai PC, Xu XY, Wang Y, Qiao LF, Yang AL, Jin XM. Experimental two-dimensional quantum walk on a photonic chip. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat3174. [PMID: 29756040 PMCID: PMC5947980 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum walks, in virtue of the coherent superposition and quantum interference, have exponential superiority over their classical counterpart in applications of quantum searching and quantum simulation. The quantum-enhanced power is highly related to the state space of quantum walks, which can be expanded by enlarging the photon number and/or the dimensions of the evolution network, but the former is considerably challenging due to probabilistic generation of single photons and multiplicative loss. We demonstrate a two-dimensional continuous-time quantum walk by using the external geometry of photonic waveguide arrays, rather than the inner degree of freedoms of photons. Using femtosecond laser direct writing, we construct a large-scale three-dimensional structure that forms a two-dimensional lattice with up to 49 × 49 nodes on a photonic chip. We demonstrate spatial two-dimensional quantum walks using heralded single photons and single photon-level imaging. We analyze the quantum transport properties via observing the ballistic evolution pattern and the variance profile, which agree well with simulation results. We further reveal the transient nature that is the unique feature for quantum walks of beyond one dimension. An architecture that allows a quantum walk to freely evolve in all directions and at a large scale, combining with defect and disorder control, may bring up powerful and versatile quantum walk machines for classically intractable problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chao-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lu-Feng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ai-Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xian-Min Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Institute of Natural Sciences and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Noh J, Huang S, Chen KP, Rechtsman MC. Observation of Photonic Topological Valley Hall Edge States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:063902. [PMID: 29481241 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.063902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate topological edge states arising from the valley-Hall effect in two-dimensional honeycomb photonic lattices with broken inversion symmetry. We break the inversion symmetry by detuning the refractive indices of the two honeycomb sublattices, giving rise to a boron nitridelike band structure. The edge states therefore exist along the domain walls between regions of opposite valley Chern numbers. We probe both the armchair and zigzag domain walls and show that the former become gapped for any detuning, whereas the latter remain ungapped until a cutoff is reached. The valley-Hall effect provides a new mechanism for the realization of time-reversal-invariant photonic topological insulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiho Noh
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Sheng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Kevin P Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Mikael C Rechtsman
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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24
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Heilmann R, Greganti C, Gräfe M, Nolte S, Walther P, Szameit A. Tapering of femtosecond laser-written waveguides. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:377-381. [PMID: 29400784 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vast development of integrated quantum photonic technology enables the implementation of compact and stable interferometric networks. In particular, laser-written waveguide structures allow for complex 3D circuits and polarization-encoded qubit manipulation. However, the main limitation in the scaling up of integrated quantum devices is the single-photon loss due to mode-profile mismatch when coupling to standard fibers or other optical platforms. Here we demonstrate tapered waveguide structures realized by an adapted femtosecond laser writing technique. We show that coupling to standard single-mode fibers can be enhanced up to 77% while keeping the fabrication effort negligible. This improvement provides an important step for processing multiphoton states on chip.
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25
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Pitsios I, Samara F, Corrielli G, Crespi A, Osellame R. Geometrically-controlled polarisation processing in femtosecond-laser-written photonic circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11342. [PMID: 28900104 PMCID: PMC5596026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarisation of light is a powerful and widely used degree of freedom to encode information, both in classical and quantum applications. In particular, quantum information technologies based on photons are being revolutionised by the use of integrated photonic circuits. It is therefore very important to be able to manipulate the polarisation of photons in such circuits. We experimentally demonstrate the fabrication by femtosecond laser micromachining of components such as polarisation insensitive and polarising directional couplers, operating at 1550 nm wavelength, where the two opposite behaviours are achieved just by controlling the geometric layout of the photonic circuits, being the waveguides fabricated with the same irradiation recipe. We expect to employ this approach in complex integrated photonic devices, capable of a full control of the photons polarisation for quantum cryptography, quantum computation and quantum teleportation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Pitsios
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Farid Samara
- Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,GAP-Quantum Technologies, Université de Genève, Chemin de Pinchat 22, Genève, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, p.za Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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26
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Cantillano C, Morales-Inostroza L, Real B, Rojas-Rojas S, Delgado A, Szameit A, Vicencio RA. Observation of dipolar transport in one-dimensional photonic lattices. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:339-344. [PMID: 36659418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the transport properties of dipolar and fundamental modes on one dimensional (1D) coupled waveguide arrays. By carefully modulating a wide optical beam, we are able to effectively excite dipolar or fundamental modes to study discrete diffraction (single-site excitation) and gaussian beam propagation (multi-site excitation plus a phase gradient). We observe that dipolar modes experience a larger spreading area due to an effective larger coupling constant, which is found to be more than two times larger than the one for fundamental modes. Additionally, we study the effect of non-diagonal disorder and find that while fundamental modes are already trapped on a weakly disorder array, dipoles are still able to propagate across the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Cantillano
- Departamento de Física, MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, and Center for Optics and Photonics (CEFOP), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Morales-Inostroza
- Departamento de Física, MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, and Center for Optics and Photonics (CEFOP), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bastián Real
- Departamento de Física, MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, and Center for Optics and Photonics (CEFOP), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Santiago Rojas-Rojas
- Center for Optics and Photonics and MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Aldo Delgado
- Center for Optics and Photonics and MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute for Physics, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rodrigo A Vicencio
- Departamento de Física, MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, and Center for Optics and Photonics (CEFOP), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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27
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Maczewsky LJ, Zeuner JM, Nolte S, Szameit A. Observation of photonic anomalous Floquet topological insulators. Nat Commun 2017; 8:13756. [PMID: 28051080 PMCID: PMC5216121 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological insulators are a new class of materials that exhibit robust and scatter-free transport along their edges — independently of the fine details of the system and of the edge — due to topological protection. To classify the topological character of two-dimensional systems without additional symmetries, one commonly uses Chern numbers, as their sum computed from all bands below a specific bandgap is equal to the net number of chiral edge modes traversing this gap. However, this is strictly valid only in settings with static Hamiltonians. The Chern numbers do not give a full characterization of the topological properties of periodically driven systems. In our work, we implement a system where chiral edge modes exist although the Chern numbers of all bands are zero. We employ periodically driven photonic waveguide lattices and demonstrate topologically protected scatter-free edge transport in such anomalous Floquet topological insulators. Vanishing Chern numbers usually mean that a system is topologically trivial, but this rule may be violated for periodically driven systems. Here, Maczewsky et al. report topologically protected edge modes in a periodically driven photonic lattice with all bands of zero Chern number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Maczewsky
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julia M Zeuner
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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28
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Yu S, Piao X, Hong J, Park N. Metadisorder for designer light in random systems. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501851. [PMID: 27757414 PMCID: PMC5065255 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Disorder plays a critical role in signal transport by controlling the correlation of a system, as demonstrated in various complex networks. In wave physics, disordered potentials suppress wave transport, because of their localized eigenstates, from the interference between multiple scattering paths. Although the variation of localization with tunable disorder has been intensively studied as a bridge between ordered and disordered media, the general trend of disorder-enhanced localization has remained unchanged, and the existence of complete delocalization in highly disordered potentials has not been explored. We propose the concept of "metadisorder": randomly coupled optical systems in which eigenstates can be engineered to achieve unusual localization. We demonstrate that one of the eigenstates in a randomly coupled system can always be arbitrarily molded, regardless of the degree of disorder, by adjusting the self-energy of each element. Ordered waves with the desired form are then achieved in randomly coupled systems, including plane waves and globally collective resonances. We also devise counterintuitive functionalities in disordered systems, such as "small-world-like" transport from non-Anderson-type localization, phase-conserving disorder, and phase-controlled beam steering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyu Yu
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xianji Piao
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jiho Hong
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Namkyoo Park
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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29
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Weimann S, Morales-Inostroza L, Real B, Cantillano C, Szameit A, Vicencio RA. Transport in Sawtooth photonic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2414-2417. [PMID: 27244377 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, a photonic realization of a Sawtooth lattice. This special lattice exhibits two spectral bands, with one of them experiencing a complete collapse to a highly degenerate flat band for a special set of inter-site coupling constants. We report the observation of different transport regimes, including strong transport inhibition due to the appearance of the non-diffractive flat band. Moreover, we excite localized Shockley surface states residing in the gap between the two linear bands.
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30
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Keil R, Poli C, Heinrich M, Arkinstall J, Weihs G, Schomerus H, Szameit A. Universal Sign Control of Coupling in Tight-Binding Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:213901. [PMID: 27284657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.213901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a method of locally inverting the sign of the coupling term in tight-binding systems, by means of inserting a judiciously designed ancillary site and eigenmode matching of the resulting vertex triplet. Our technique can be universally applied to all lattice configurations, as long as the individual sites can be detuned. We experimentally verify this method in laser-written photonic lattices and confirm both the magnitude and the sign of the coupling by interferometric measurements. Based on these findings, we demonstrate how such universal sign-flipped coupling links can be embedded into extended lattice structures to impose a Z_{2}-gauge transformation. This opens a new avenue for investigations on topological effects arising from magnetic fields with aperiodic flux patterns or in disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keil
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charles Poli
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Heinrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jake Arkinstall
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Weihs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Henning Schomerus
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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31
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Al Khawaja U, Al-Marzoug SM, Bahlouli H. All-optical switches, unidirectional flow, and logic gates with discrete solitons in waveguide arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:11062-11074. [PMID: 27409929 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.011062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism by which a number of useful all-optical operations, such as switches, diodes, and logic gates, can be performed with a single device. An effective potential well is obtained by modulating the coupling between the waveguides through their separations. Depending on the power of a control soliton injected through the potential well, an incoming soliton will either completely transmit or reflect forming a controllable switch. We show that two such switches can work as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR logic gates. Furthermore, the same device may also function as a perfect soliton diode with adjustable polarity. We discuss the feasibility of realising such devices with current experimental setups.
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32
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Biggerstaff DN, Heilmann R, Zecevik AA, Gräfe M, Broome MA, Fedrizzi A, Nolte S, Szameit A, White AG, Kassal I. Enhancing coherent transport in a photonic network using controllable decoherence. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11282. [PMID: 27080915 PMCID: PMC4835546 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport phenomena on a quantum scale appear in a variety of systems, ranging from photosynthetic complexes to engineered quantum devices. It has been predicted that the efficiency of coherent transport can be enhanced through dynamic interaction between the system and a noisy environment. We report an experimental simulation of environment-assisted coherent transport, using an engineered network of laser-written waveguides, with relative energies and inter-waveguide couplings tailored to yield the desired Hamiltonian. Controllable-strength decoherence is simulated by broadening the bandwidth of the input illumination, yielding a significant increase in transport efficiency relative to the narrowband case. We show integrated optics to be suitable for simulating specific target Hamiltonians as well as open quantum systems with controllable loss and decoherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon N. Biggerstaff
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - René Heilmann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Aidan A. Zecevik
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Markus Gräfe
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthew A. Broome
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alessandro Fedrizzi
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Stefan Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrew G. White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan Kassal
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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33
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Liu Z, Zhang Q, Liu X, Yao Y, Xiao JJ. Absence of Exceptional Points in Square Waveguide Arrays with Apparently Balanced Gain and Loss. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22711. [PMID: 26948829 PMCID: PMC4780277 DOI: 10.1038/srep22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry in the field of optics has been intensively explored. This study shows the absence of exceptional points in a three-dimensional system composed of a square waveguide array with diagonally-balanced gain/loss distribution. More specifically, we show that an array of four coupled waveguides supports eight fundamental propagation supermodes, four of which are singlet, and the other two pairs are double degenerated. It is found that the singlet states follow the routine PT phase transition; however, the double-degenerated modes never coalesce as the gain/loss-to-coupling strength level varies, showing no actual PT symmetry-derived behavior. This is evident in the phase rigidity which does not approach zero. The absence of exceptional points is ascribed to the coupling of non-symmetric supermodes formed in the diagonal waveguide pairs. Our results suggest comprehensive interplay between the mode pattern symmetry, the lattice symmetry, and the PT-symmetry, which should be carefully considered in PT-phenomena design in waveguide arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiangli Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Y. Yao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun-Jun Xiao
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Xili, Shenzhen 518055, China
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34
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Mukherjee S, Thomson RR. Observation of localized flat-band modes in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic rhombic lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:5443-5446. [PMID: 26625021 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.005443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate the photonic realization of a dispersionless flat band in a quasi-one-dimensional photonic lattice fabricated by ultrafast laser inscription. In the nearest neighbor tight binding approximation, the lattice supports two dispersive and one nondispersive (flat) band. We experimentally excite superpositions of flat-band eigenmodes at the input of the photonic lattice and show the diffractionless propagation of the input states due to their infinite effective mass. In the future, the use of photonic rhombic lattices, together with the successful implementation of a synthetic gauge field, will enable the observation of Aharonov-Bohm photonic caging.
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35
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Al Khawaja U, Sukhorukov AA. Unidirectional flow of discrete solitons in waveguide arrays. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2719-2722. [PMID: 26076245 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a proposal for realizing a unidirectional flow of discrete solitons in optical waveguide arrays or coupled resonator optical waveguides. Our proposal is based on modulating the coupling coefficients between the waveguides by two reflectionless potentials with different depths and finite separation. For a single reflectionless potential, we demonstrate numerically the possibility of nonlinear switching with a critical nonlinearity strength at which sharp transition in the transport coefficients takes place.
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36
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Eichelkraut T, Weimann S, Stützer S, Nolte S, Szameit A. Radiation-loss management in modulated waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6831-6834. [PMID: 25503008 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we discuss the management of radiation loss in photonic waveguides. As an experimental basis, we introduce a new technique of fabricating waveguides with tunable loss, which is particularly useful when implementing non-Hermitian (PT-symmetric) systems. To this end, we employ laser-written waveguides with a transverse sinusoidal modulation, which causes well-controllable radiation losses of almost arbitrary amount. Numerical simulations support our experimental findings. Our study shows that the radiation loss not only depends on the local waveguide curvature but also is influenced by interference effects. As a consequence, the loss is a nonmonotonous function of the bending parameters, such as period length.
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37
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Riesen N, Gross S, Love JD, Withford MJ. Femtosecond direct-written integrated mode couplers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29855-29861. [PMID: 25606915 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the design and fabrication of three-dimensional integrated mode couplers operating in the C-band. These mode-selective couplers were inscribed into a boro-aluminosilicate photonic chip using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. Horizontally and vertically written two-core couplers are shown to allow for the multiplexing of the LP11a and LP11b spatial modes of an optical fiber, respectively, with excellent mode extinction ratios (25-37 + dB) and low loss (~1 dB) between 1500 and 1580 nm. Furthermore, optimized fabrication parameters enable coupling ratios close to 100%. When written in sequence, the couplers allow for the multiplexing of all LP01, LP11a and LP11b modes. This is also shown to be possible using a single 3-dimensional three-core coupler. These integrated mode couplers have considerable potential to be used in mode-division multiplexing for increasing optical fiber capacity. The three-dimensional capability of the femtosecond direct-write technique provides the versatility to write linear cascades of such two- and three-core couplers into a single compact glass chip, with arbitrary routing of waveguides to ensure a small footprint. This technology could be used for high-performance, compact and cost-effective multiplexing of large numbers of modes of an optical fiber.
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38
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Heinrich M, Miri MA, Stützer S, El-Ganainy R, Nolte S, Szameit A, Christodoulides DN. Supersymmetric mode converters. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3698. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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39
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Neyra E, Suarez S, Torchia GA. Light coupling in single-track guiding structures obtained by femtosecond laser writing in lithium niobate. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1125-1128. [PMID: 24690687 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we present a study of light coupling into a pair of Type II waveguides made of lithium niobate crystals by using femtosecond laser writing. Simulations based on the beam propagation method and optical fiber coupling experiments with the guiding structures showed good agreement. The presented results can be a suitable tool for designing high-performance optical circuits using femtosecond laser writing techniques for different technological requirements.
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40
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Li M, Huang S, Wang Q, Petek H, Chen KP. Nonlinear lightwave circuits in chalcogenide glasses fabricated by ultrafast laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:693-696. [PMID: 24487901 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports a nonlinear directional waveguide coupler written by ultrafast laser in gallium lanthanum sulfide chalcogenide glass. The nonlinear waveguide device is tested with laser pulses input in two orthogonal polarizations, and all optical switching at 1040 nm between the two coupled waveguides is observed at a peak fluence of 16 GW/cm2. The spectra and autocorrelation measurement from the waveguide outputs show dominant nonlinear effects and negligible dispersion for light propagation in both channels.
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41
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Weimann S, Kay A, Keil R, Nolte S, Szameit A. Photonic coherent state transfer with Hamiltonian dynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:123-126. [PMID: 24365838 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of near-perfect light wave transfer by emulating quantum state transfer on a lattice with Hamiltonian dynamics, i.e., time-dependent intersite couplings. The structure transferring a single waveguide excitation over 11 sites with a fidelity of 0.93 works for classical light as well as single photons. As our implementation of perfect quantum state transfer uses a photonic setting, we introduce polarization as a new degree of freedom to the transport protocol. We demonstrate rotation operations of up to 40° on polarization during state transfer.
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42
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Weimann S, Xu Y, Keil R, Miroshnichenko AE, Tünnermann A, Nolte S, Sukhorukov AA, Szameit A, Kivshar YS. Compact surface Fano states embedded in the continuum of waveguide arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:240403. [PMID: 24483631 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.240403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We describe theoretically and observe experimentally the formation of a surface state in a semi-infinite waveguide array with a side-coupled waveguide, designed to simultaneously achieve Fano and Fabry-Perot resonances. We demonstrate that the surface mode is compact, with all energy concentrated in a few waveguides at the edge and no field penetration beyond the side-coupled waveguide position. Furthermore, we show that by broadening the spectral band in the rest of the waveguide array it is possible to suppress exponentially localized modes, while the Fano state having the eigenvalue embedded in the continuum is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Weimann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yi Xu
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Robert Keil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Andreas Tünnermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey A Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
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43
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Lee KKC, Mariampillai A, Haque M, Standish BA, Yang VXD, Herman PR. Temperature-compensated fiber-optic 3D shape sensor based on femtosecond laser direct-written Bragg grating waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:24076-86. [PMID: 24104316 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.024076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-compensated 3D fiber shape sensing is demonstrated with femtosecond laser direct-written optical and Bragg grating waveguides that were distributed axially and radially inside a single coreless optical fiber. Efficient light coupling between the laser-written optical circuit elements and a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) was obtained for the first time by 3D laser writing of a 1 × 3 directional coupler to meet with the core waveguide in the fusion-spliced SMF. Simultaneous interrogation of nine Bragg gratings, distributed along three laterally offset waveguides, is presented through a single waveguide port at 1 kHz sampling rate to follow the Bragg wavelength shifts in real-time and thereby infer shape and temperature profile unambiguously along the fiber length. This distributed 3D strain and thermal sensor is freestanding, flexible, compact, lightweight and opens new directions for creating fiber cladding photonic devices for a wide range of applications from shape and thermal sensing to guidance of biomedical catheters and tools in minimally invasive surgery.
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Cao Z, Qi X, Zhang G, Bai J. Asymmetric light propagation in transverse separation modulated photonic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:3212-3215. [PMID: 23988916 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, both theoretically and numerically, the asymmetric light propagation in transverse separation modulated photonic lattices. The theoretical results show that the transmission contrast η of the structure is determined only by the coupling strengths between the chirped lattice and the two boundary uniform lattice portions. The numerical studies demonstrate that η is independent of the separation modulation function of the chirped lattice, which is in good agreement with the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials (Culture Base), and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
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45
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Naether U, Heinrich M, Lahini Y, Nolte S, Vicencio RA, Molina MI, Szameit A. Self-trapping threshold in disordered nonlinear photonic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:1518-1520. [PMID: 23632537 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate numerically and experimentally the influence of coupling disorder on the self-trapping dynamics in nonlinear one-dimensional optical waveguide arrays. The existence of a lower and upper bound of the effective average propagation constant allows for a generalized definition of the threshold power for the onset of soliton localization. When compared to perfectly ordered systems, this threshold is found to decrease in the presence of coupling disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Naether
- Departamento de Física and MSI-Nucleus on Advanced Optics, Center for Optics and Photonics (CEFOP), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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46
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Di Giuseppe G, Martin L, Perez-Leija A, Keil R, Dreisow F, Nolte S, Szameit A, Abouraddy AF, Christodoulides DN, Saleh BEA. Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen spatial entanglement in ordered and anderson photonic lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 110:150503. [PMID: 25167236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.150503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum walks of a photon pair in a spatially extended Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state coupled into an on-chip multiport photonic lattice. By varying the degree of entanglement we observe Anderson localization for pairs in a separable state and Anderson colocalization for pairs in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen entangled state. In the former case, each photon localizes independently, while in the latter neither photon localizes, but the pair colocalizes--revealing unexpected survival of the spatial correlations through strong disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Di Giuseppe
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA and School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - L Martin
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - A Perez-Leija
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA and Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - R Keil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - F Dreisow
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A F Abouraddy
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - D N Christodoulides
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - B E A Saleh
- CREOL, The College of Optics & Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
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47
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Keil R, Perez-Leija A, Aleahmad P, Moya-Cessa H, Nolte S, Christodoulides DN, Szameit A. Observation of Bloch-like revivals in semi-infinite Glauber-Fock photonic lattices. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:3801-3803. [PMID: 23041864 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the first experimental implementation of Glauber-Fock oscillator lattices. Bloch-like revivals are observed in these optical structures in spite of the fact that the photonic array is effectively semi-infinite and the waveguide coupling is not uniform. This behavior is entirely analogous to the dynamics exhibited by a driven quantum harmonic oscillator. Our observations are in excellent agreement to the analytical results obtained in this fully integrable lattice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany. alexander.szameit@uni‑jena.de
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48
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Gräfe M, Solntsev AS, Keil R, Sukhorukov AA, Heinrich M, Tünnermann A, Nolte S, Szameit A, Kivshar YS. Biphoton generation in quadratic waveguide arrays: a classical optical simulation. Sci Rep 2012; 2:562. [PMID: 22872807 PMCID: PMC3413018 DOI: 10.1038/srep00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum entanglement became essential in understanding the non-locality of quantum mechanics. In optics, this non-locality can be demonstrated on impressively large length scales, as photons travel with the speed of light and interact only weakly with their environment. Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in nonlinear crystals provides an efficient source for entangled photon pairs, so-called biphotons. However, SPDC can also be implemented in nonlinear arrays of evanescently coupled waveguides which allows the generation and the investigation of correlated quantum walks of such biphotons in an integrated device. Here, we analytically and experimentally demonstrate that the biphoton degrees of freedom are entailed in an additional dimension, therefore the SPDC and the subsequent quantum random walk in one-dimensional arrays can be simulated through classical optical beam propagation in a two-dimensional photonic lattice. Thereby, the output intensity images directly represent the biphoton correlations and exhibit a clear violation of a Bell-like inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gräfe
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- These authors contributed equally
| | - A. S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- These authors contributed equally
| | - R. Keil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - M. Heinrich
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Tünnermann
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S. Nolte
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Szameit
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu S. Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Eaton SM, De Marco C, Martinez-Vazquez R, Ramponi R, Turri S, Cerullo G, Osellame R. Femtosecond laser microstructuring for polymeric lab-on-chips. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:687-702. [PMID: 22589025 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of femtosecond laser microfabrication in polymeric materials, with emphasis on lab-on-chip applications. Due to the nonlinear interaction of femtosecond laser pulses with polymers, laser-induced modifications are localized to the focal volume, enabling high resolution patterning in 3D. Femtosecond laser microfabrication offers unmatched versatility in fabricating surface microchannels and diffractive optics by means of laser ablation, buried optical waveguides and micro-optics through refractive index modification and complex 3D microstructures in photoresists by two-photon polymerization. Femtosecond laser microfabrication technology opens the door to fabricating integrated lab-on-chip devices with a single tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M Eaton
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN - CNR and Dipartimento di Fisica - Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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50
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Keil R, Lahini Y, Shechtman Y, Heinrich M, Pugatch R, Dreisow F, Tünnermann A, Nolte S, Szameit A. Perfect imaging through a disordered waveguide lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:809-811. [PMID: 22378401 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is experimentally demonstrated that perfect imaging is possible in disordered wave guiding media, provided that the disorder is off-diagonal, i.e., that only the spacing varies randomly between the otherwise identical lattice sites. On-diagonal disorder or Kerr nonlinearity destroys the imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
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