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Müller M, Vural H, Schneider C, Rastelli A, Schmidt OG, Höfling S, Michler P. Quantum-Dot Single-Photon Sources for Entanglement Enhanced Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:257402. [PMID: 28696738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.257402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton entangled states such as "N00N states" have attracted a lot of attention because of their possible application in high-precision, quantum enhanced phase determination. So far, N00N states have been generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion processes and by mixing quantum and classical light on a beam splitter. Here, in contrast, we demonstrate superresolving phase measurements based on two-photon N00N states generated by quantum dot single-photon sources making use of the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect on a beam splitter. By means of pulsed resonance fluorescence of a charged exciton state, we achieve, in postselection, a quantum enhanced improvement of the precision in phase uncertainty, higher than prescribed by the standard quantum limit. An analytical description of the measurement scheme is provided, reflecting requirements, capability, and restraints of single-photon emitters in optical quantum metrology. Our results point toward the realization of a real-world quantum sensor in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Müller
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - H Vural
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Schneider
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - O G Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews KY 16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - P Michler
- Institut für Halbleiteroptik und Funktionelle Grenzflächen, Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and SCoPE, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Roslyak O, Mukamel S. Multidimensional pump-probe spectroscopy with entangled twin-photon states. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 2009; 79:63409. [PMID: 20607106 PMCID: PMC2895952 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.79.063409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We show that entangled photons may be used in coherent multidimensional nonlinear spectroscopy to provide information on matter by scanning photon wave function parameters (entanglement time and delay of twin photons), rather than frequencies and time delays, as is commonly done with classical pulses. Signals are expressed and interpreted intuitively in terms of products of matter and field correlation functions using a diagrammatic close time path loop formalism which reveals the entangled quantum pathways of the fields and matter. The pump-probe signal measured when the pump and the probe are in a twin entangled state shows two-photon resonant contributions which scale linearly rather than quadratically with the incident beam intensity and reveal frequencies of off-resonant transitions. Two-dimensional spectrograms obtained by double Fourier transform of the signal with respect to the entanglement time and delay of the twins could provide detailed information on correlations among states and dynamical processes with high temporal resolution. The analogy with multidimensional time-domain optical techniques which use sequences of short classical pulses and pulse shaping algorithms is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Roslyak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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Stevenson RM, Hudson AJ, Bennett AJ, Young RJ, Nicoll CA, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Evolution of entanglement between distinguishable light states. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:170501. [PMID: 18999730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the evolution of quantum correlations over the lifetime of a multiphoton state. Measurements reveal time-dependent oscillations of the entanglement fidelity for photon pairs created by a single semiconductor quantum dot. The oscillations are attributed to the phase acquired in the intermediate, nondegenerate, exciton-photon state and are consistent with simulations. We conclude that emission of photon pairs by a typical quantum dot with finite polarization splitting is in fact entangled in a time-evolving state, and not classically correlated as previously regarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mark Stevenson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hudson AJ, Stevenson RM, Bennett AJ, Young RJ, Nicoll CA, Atkinson P, Cooper K, Ritchie DA, Shields AJ. Coherence of an entangled exciton-photon state. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:266802. [PMID: 18233599 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.266802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of the exciton fine-structure splitting on the polarization entanglement of photon pairs produced by the biexciton cascade in a quantum dot. Entanglement persists despite separations between the intermediate energy levels of up to 4 microeV. Measurements show that entanglement of the photon pair is robust to the dephasing of the intermediate exciton state responsible for the first-order coherence time of either single photon. We present a theoretical framework incorporating the effects of spin scattering, background light, and dephasing. We distinguish between the first-order coherence time, and a parameter which we measure for the first time and define as the cross-coherence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hudson
- Toshiba Research Europe Limited, 208 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0GZ, United Kingdom
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