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Qin X, Zhang H, Tang M, Zhou Y, Tai Y, Li X. Switchable hybrid-order optical vortex lattice. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2213-2216. [PMID: 38691682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.515906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Optical vortex (OV) modulation is a powerful technique for enhancing the intrinsic degrees-of-freedom in structured light applications. Particularly, the lattices involving multiple OVs have garnered significant academic interest owing to their wide applicability in optical tweezers and condensed matter physics. However, all OVs in a lattice possess the same order, which cannot be modulated individually, limiting its versatile application. Herein, we propose, to our knowledge, a novel concept, called the hot-swap method, to design a switchable hybrid-order OV lattice, in which each OV is easily replaced by arbitrary orders. We experimentally generated the switchable hybrid-order OV lattice and studied its characteristics, including interferograms, retrieved phase, energy flow, and orbital angular momentum. Furthermore, the significant advantages of the switchable hybrid-order OV lattice are demonstrated through the independent manipulation of multiple yeast cells. This study provides a novel scheme for accurate control and modulation of OV lattices, which greatly facilitates the diverse applications of optical manipulation and particle trapping and control.
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2
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Lembessis VE, Koksal K, Babiker M, Yuan J. Miniature atom bottle traps enabled by chiral doughnut light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13450-13466. [PMID: 38859315 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We highlight what we believe to be a novel optical set-up which enables the confinement of cold atoms in a finite set of sub-wavelength bottle traps. This involves two counter-propagating vortex beams with the same winding number ℓ = ±1 and the same circular polarization ($\sigma =\mp 1)$. Strong focusing generates significant longitudinal field components which become responsible for an on-axis standing wave enabling the axial confinement of far blue-detuned atoms. The off-axis radial confinement is provided by the optical potential due to the transverse components of the light. The trap characteristics are illustrated using experimentally accessible parameters and are tunable by changing the power, focusing and ellipticity of the light. Atoms trapped in such a set-up are useful for applications, including quantum simulation and quantum information processing.
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3
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Wang Y, Ma H, Tai Y, Li X. Generation of discrete higher-order optical vortex lattice at focus. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4464-4467. [PMID: 37656529 DOI: 10.1364/ol.497995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order vortices (HOVs) extend the dimensions of optical vortex regulation, which is of great significance in optical communication and optical tweezers. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative scheme to produce a HOV in the focus plane using multiple Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam interference, termed a discrete higher-order optical vortex lattice (DHOVL). The modulation depth of the DHOVL exceeds 2π. In this case, the topological charge (TC) of the DHOVL is determined by the difference of the phase period between the innermost and the outermost interference beams. Compared with a conventional HOV (CHOV), the vortex exists in a form of multiple unit singularities sharing a dark core. In addition, the average orbital angular momentum per photon of the DHOVL increases with increasing TC, surpassing that of the CHOV. This work provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, scheme to produce a HOV, which will facilitate several advanced applications, including optical micromanipulation, optical sensing and imaging, and optical fabrication.
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Li J, Li F, Chen K, Yu L, Chen X, Qian X, Ma J, Yuan C. Vortex array generation based on quasi-Talbot effects. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1537-1544. [PMID: 37707109 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.495932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
A lens-less method for generating vortex arrays with tunable parameters is proposed based on quasi-Talbot effects. By illuminating a two-dimensional periodic sinusoidal grating with a vortex beam carrying a fourth-order cross-phase, the continuous vortex array structure can be generated in the Fresnel diffraction region. Due to the shaping effect of the fourth-order cross-phase on the vortex beam, by changing the constant parameter of the fourth-order cross-phase, it is possible to shape the generation of optical vortex arrays at different positions. This will somewhat broaden the flexibility of the lens-free optical vortex array in terms of generation position. In addition, the generation of polygonal optical vortex arrays is achieved by higher-order cross-phases of different orders. This technique has potential applications in various fields such as optical tweezers, multi-particle screening, microscopic manipulation, etc.
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Shikder A, Nishchal NK. Generation of optical vortex lattices by in-line phase modulation with partially coherent light. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1231-1236. [PMID: 37706777 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.489469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Of late, generation of different kinds of optical vortex lattices has been gaining much attention due to various applications. Several methods have been reported for the generation of optical vortex lattices using a coherent light source involving interferometric, diffractive, and pinhole phase plate methods. Owing to cost effectiveness and ease in optical implementation, these days use of incoherent or partially coherent light beams is becoming popular. In this study, we demonstrate generation of different kinds of optical vortex lattices through in-line modulation of phase distributions employing the phase concatenation approach and a light-emitting diode as a light source. It is a non-interferometric and flexible technique for the selection of the parameters that characterize the optical vortices and their arrays. The proposed method allows generation of an array of optical vortices of different topological charges with zero and non-zero radial indices having different symmetries.
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Chen K, Xu L, Ni A, Tang J, Yi K, Jia F, Qiao D, Li K, Copner N. Generation of a vortex point adjustable vortex array based on decentered annular beam pumping. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2599-2602. [PMID: 37186718 DOI: 10.1364/ol.490194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An adjustable optical vortex array (OVA) based on decentered annular beam pumping has been demonstrated in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. This method allows for not only the transverse mode locking of different modes, but also the ability to adjust the mode weight and phase by manipulating the position of the focusing lens and axicon lens. To explain this phenomenon, we propose a threshold model for each mode. Using this approach, we were able to generate optical vortex arrays with 2-7 phase singularities, achieving a maximum conversion efficiency of 25.8%. Our work represents an innovative advancement in the development of solid-state lasers capable of generating adjustable vortex points.
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Del Valle-Inclan Redondo Y, Schneider C, Klembt S, Höfling S, Tarucha S, Fraser MD. Optically Driven Rotation of Exciton-Polariton Condensates. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4564-4571. [PMID: 37129463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The rotational response of quantum condensed fluids is strikingly distinct from rotating classical fluids, especially notable for the excitation and ordering of quantized vortex ensembles. Although widely studied in conservative systems, the dynamics of rotating open-dissipative superfluids such as exciton-polariton condensates remains largely unexplored, as it requires high-frequency rotation while avoiding resonantly driving the condensate. We create a rotating polariton condensate at gigahertz frequencies by off-resonantly pumping with a rotating optical stirrer composed of the time-dependent interference of two frequency-offset, structured laser modes. Acquisition of angular momentum exceeding the critical 1ℏ/particle is directly measured, accompanied by the deterministic nucleation and capture of quantized vortices with a handedness controlled by the pump rotation direction. The demonstration of controlled optical rotation of a spontaneously formed polariton condensate enables new opportunities for the study of open dissipative superfluidity, ordering of non-Hermitian quantized vortex matter, and topological states in a highly nonlinear, photonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Del Valle-Inclan Redondo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
| | | | - Sebastian Klembt
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen-Research Center for Complex Material System, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Seigo Tarucha
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Michael D Fraser
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics & Informatics Laboratories (PHI Lab), NTT Research, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085, United States
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Zhao S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Chen J, Gao Y, Wang X, Jie Y, Zhao C. Universal understanding of self-healing and transformation of complex structured beams based on eigenmode superposition. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3186-3196. [PMID: 37133168 DOI: 10.1364/ao.487108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The self-healing property of laser beams with special spatial structures is of great interest. We take the Hermite-Gaussian (HG) eigenmode as an example, theoretically and experimentally investigating the self-healing and transformation characteristics of complex structured beams composed of incoherent or coherent superposition of multiple eigenmodes. It is found that a partially blocked single HG mode can recover the original structure or transfer to a lower order distribution in the far field. When the obstacle retains one pair of edged bright spots of the HG mode in each direction of two symmetry axes, the beam structure information (number of knot lines) along each axis can be restored. Otherwise, it will transfer to the corresponding low-order mode or multi-interference fringes in the far field, according to the interval of the two most-edged remaining spots. It is proved that the above effect is induced by the diffraction and interference results of the partially retained light field. This principle is also applicable to other scale-invariant structured beams such as Laguerre-Gauss (LG) beams. The self-healing and transformation characteristics of multi-eigenmode composed beams with specially customized structures can be intuitively investigated based on eigenmode superposition theory. It is found that the HG mode incoherently composed structured beams have a stronger ability to recover themselves in the far field after occlusion. These investigations can expand the applications of optical lattice structures of laser communication, atom optical capture, and optical imaging.
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Qiu JB, Qin L, Zhao XD, Qian J. Optimal optical Ferris wheel solitons in a nonlocal Rydberg medium. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1578-1581. [PMID: 37221714 DOI: 10.1364/ol.485014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for the creation of stable optical Ferris wheel (OFW) solitons in a nonlocal Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. Depending on a careful optimization of both the atomic density and the one-photon detuning, we obtain an appropriate nonlocal potential provided by the strong interatomic interaction in Rydberg states that can perfectly compensate for the diffraction of the probe OFW field. Numerical results show that the fidelity remains larger than 0.96, while the propagation distance has exceeded 160 diffraction lengths. Higher-order OFW solitons with arbitrary winding numbers are also discussed. Our study provides a straightforward route to generate spatial optical solitons in the nonlocal response region of cold Rydberg gases.
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10
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Tang A, Xiong G, Shen F. Optical vortex convolution generator and quasi-Talbot effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1866-1869. [PMID: 37221786 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a simple optical vortex convolution generator is proposed where a microlens array (MLA) is utilized as an optical convolution device, and a focusing lens (FL) is employed to obtain the far field, which can convert a single optical vortex into a vortex array. Further, the optical field distribution on the focal plane of the FL is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified using three MLAs of different sizes. Moreover, in the experiments, behind the FL, the self-imaging Talbot effect of the vortex array is also observed. Meanwhile, the generation of the high-order vortex array is also investigated. This method, with a simple structure and high optical power efficiency, can generate high spatial frequency vortex arrays using devices with low spatial frequency and has excellent application prospects in the field of optical tweezers, optical communication, optical processing, etc.
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11
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Xu D, Qi T, Chen Y, Gao W. Switchable optical ring lattice in free space. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9416-9427. [PMID: 37157513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.485612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical lattices with spatially regular structures have recently attracted considerable attention across physics and optics communities. In particular, due to the increasing emergence of new structured light fields, diverse lattices with rich topology are being generated via multi-beam interference. Here, we report a specific ring lattice with radial lobe structures generated via superposition of two ring Airy vortex beams (RAVBs). We show that the lattice morphology evolves upon propagation in free space, switching from a bright-ring lattice to dark-ring lattice and even to fascinating multilayer texture. This underlying physical mechanism is related to the variation of the unique intermodal phase between the RAVBs as well as topological energy flow with symmetry breaking. Our finds provide an approach for engineering customized ring lattices to inspire a wide variety of new applications.
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Roy S, Ganguly S, Maiti SK. Interplay between hopping dimerization and quasi-periodicity on flux-driven circular current in an incommensurate Su-Schrieffer-Heeger ring. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4093. [PMID: 36906684 PMCID: PMC10008590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We report for the first time the phenomenon of flux-driven circular current in an isolated Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) quantum ring in presence of cosine modulation in the form of the Aubry-André-Harper (AAH) model. The quantum ring is described within a tight-binding framework, where the effect of magnetic flux is incorporated through Peierls substitution. Depending on the arrangements of AAH site potentials we have two different kinds of ring systems that are referred to as staggered and non-staggered AAH SSH rings. The interplay between the hopping dimerization and quasiperiodic modulation leads to several new features in the energy band spectrum and persistent current which we investigate critically. An atypical enhancement of current with increasing AAH modulation strength is obtained that gives a clear signature of transition from a low conducting phase to a high conducting one. The specific roles of AAH phase, magnetic flux, electron filling, intra- and inter-cell hopping integrals, and ring size are discussed thoroughly. We also study the effect of random disorder on persistent current with hopping dimerization to compare the results with the uncorrelated ones. Our analysis can be extended further in studying magnetic responses of similar kinds of other hybrid systems in presence of magnetic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Sudin Ganguly
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, 793101, India.
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700108, India
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Mellado-Villaseñor G, Hamzeloui S, Jiménez-Mier J, Ramírez-Martínez F. Generation of combined half-integer Bessel-like beams using synthetic phase holograms. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9178-9185. [PMID: 36607051 DOI: 10.1364/ao.473289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the generation of combined half-integer Bessel-like (CHB) beams using synthetic phase holograms (SPHs). We assess the efficiency and accuracy of the SPHs, in the task of generating CHB beams. The proposal is illustrated by the implementation of CHB beams, which are experimentally generated in a setup based on a phase spatial light modulator. Also, we analyze, numerically and experimentally, the propagation of the generated CHB beams. As the main result, the SPHs are able to generate several CHB beams with relatively high accuracy. Additionally, it is obtained that the efficiency values of the SPHs are close to the theoretical predictions.
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Shang Z, Fu S, Hai L, Zhang Z, Li L, Gao C. Multiplexed vortex state array toward high-dimensional data multicasting. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34053-34063. [PMID: 36242427 DOI: 10.1364/oe.466353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical vortex array has drawn widespread attention since the boom of special applications such as molecular selecting and optical communication. Here, we propose an integrated phase-only scheme to generate multiple multiplexed vortex beams simultaneously, constituting a multiplexed vortex state array, where the spatial position, as well as the corresponding orbital angular momentum (OAM) spectrum, can be manipulated flexibly as desired. Proof-of-concept experiments are carried out and show a few different multiplexed vortex state arrays that fit well with the simulation. Moreover, regarding the array as a data-carrier, a one-to-many multicasting link through multi-state OAM shift keying, a high-dimensional data coding, is also available in free space. In the experiment, four various OAM states are employed and achieve four bits binary symbols, and finally distribute three different images to three separate receivers independently from the same transmitter, showing great potential in the future high-dimensional optical networks.
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Honda A, Yamane K, Iwasa K, Oka K, Toda Y, Morita R. Ultrafast beam pattern modulation by superposition of chirped optical vortex pulses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14991. [PMID: 36056048 PMCID: PMC9440229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an extension of pulse shaping techniques using the space–time coupling of ultrashort pulses or chirped pulses, we demonstrated the ultrafast beam pattern modulation by the superposition of chirped optical vortex pulses with orthogonal spatial modes. The stable and robust modulations with a modulation frequency of sub-THz were carried out by using the precise phase control technique of the constituent pulses in both the spatial and time/frequency domains. The performed modulations were ultrafast ring-shaped optical lattice modulation with 2, 4 and 6 petals, and beam pattern modulations in the radial direction. The simple linear fringe modulation was also demonstrated with chirped spatially Gaussian pulses. While the input pulse energy of the pulses to be modulated was 360 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upmu $$\end{document}μJ, the output pulse energy of the modulated pulses was 115 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\sim $$\end{document}∼ 32%. Demonstrating the superposition of orthogonal spatial modes in several ways, this ultrafast beam pattern modulation technique with high intensity can be applicable to the spatially coherent excitation of quasi-particles or collective excitation of charge and spin with dynamic degrees of freedom. Furthermore, we analyzed the Poynting vector and OAM of the composed chirped OV pulses. Although the ring-shaped optical lattice composed of OV pulse with topological charges of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm \, \ell $$\end{document}±ℓ is rotated in a sub-THz frequency, the net orbital angular momentum (OAM) averaged over one optical period is found to be negligible. Hence, it is necessary to require careful attention to the application of the OAM transfer interaction with matter by employing such rotating ring-shaped optical lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asami Honda
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Keisaku Yamane
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Kohei Iwasa
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryuji Morita
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Kita-13, Nishi-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
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Hamedi HR, Žlabys G, Ahufinger V, Halfmann T, Mompart J, Juzeliūnas G. Spatially strongly confined atomic excitation via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:13915-13930. [PMID: 35473146 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We consider a method of sub-wavelength superlocalization and patterning of atomic matter waves via a two dimensional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (2D STIRAP) process. An atom initially prepared in its ground level interacts with a doughnut-shaped optical vortex pump beam and a traveling wave Stokes laser beam with a constant (top-hat) intensity profile in space. The beams are sent in a counter-intuitive temporal sequence, in which the Stokes pulse precedes the pump pulse. The atoms interacting with both the traveling wave and the vortex beam are transferred to a final state through the 2D STIRAP, while those located at the core of the vortex beam remain in the initial state, creating a super-narrow nanometer scale atomic spot in the spatial distribution of ground state atoms. By numerical simulations we show that the 2D STIRAP approach outperforms the established method of coherent population trapping, yielding much stronger confinement of atomic excitation. Numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation show that using such a method one can create 2D bright and dark solitonic structures in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). The method allows one to circumvent the restriction set by the diffraction limit inherent to conventional methods for formation of localized solitons, with a full control over the position and size of nanometer resolution defects.
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17
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Ponomarenko SA. Twist phase and classical entanglement of partially coherent light. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5958-5961. [PMID: 34851933 DOI: 10.1364/ol.445258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the presence of a twist phase in a random light beam leads to classical entanglement between phase space degrees of freedom of the beam. We find analytically the bi-orthogonal decomposition of the Wigner function of a twisted Gaussian Schell-model (TGSM) source and quantify its entanglement by evaluating the Schmidt number of the decomposition. We show that (i) classical entanglement of a TGSM source vanishes concurrently with the twist in the fully coherent limit and (ii) entanglement dramatically increases as the source coherence level decreases. We also show that the discovered type of classical entanglement of a Gaussian Wigner function does not degrade on beam propagation in free space.
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18
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Kumar N, Arora A, Krishnan A. Single-shot generation of composite optical vortex beams using hybrid binary fork gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:33703-33715. [PMID: 34809177 DOI: 10.1364/oe.437659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We design and experimentally demonstrate a simple, single-shot method for the generation of arbitrary composite vortex (CV) beams using hybrid binary fork gratings (hBFG). These gratings were computationally generated by removing the central region around the fork-dislocation of azimuthal charge ℓ1 and substituting it with a BFG of a different charge ℓ2. The geometrical parameters of hBFGs were optimized for the efficient generation of CV beams. The method was further extended to the generation of CV beams consisting of three different ℓ and of higher radial charges p. This simple generation method may be useful to generate complex beam shapes with engineered phase fronts without complicated interferometry based techniques.
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Chen Y, Wang J, Wang C, Zhang S, Cao M, Franke-Arnold S, Gao H, Li F. Phase gradient protection of stored spatially multimode perfect optical vortex beams in a diffused rubidium vapor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31582-31593. [PMID: 34615249 DOI: 10.1364/oe.439716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the optical storage of perfect optical vortex (POV) and spatially multimode perfect optical vortex (MPOV) beams via electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a hot vapor cell. In particular, we study the role that phase gradients and phase singularities play in reducing the blurring of the retrieved images due to atomic diffusion. Three kinds of manifestations are enumerated to demonstrate such effect. Firstly, the suppression of the ring width broadening is more prominent for POVs with larger orbital angular momentum (OAM). Secondly, the retrieved double-ring MPOV beams' profiles present regular dark singularity distributions that are related to their vortex charge difference. Thirdly, the storage fidelities of the triple-ring MPOVs are substantially improved by designing line phase singularities between multi-ring MPOVs with the same OAM number but π offset phases between adjacent rings. Our experimental demonstration of MPOV storage opens new opportunities for increasing data capacity in quantum memories by spatial multiplexing, as well as the generation and manipulation of complex optical vortex arrays.
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Hamedi HR, Kudriašov V, Jia N, Qian J, Juzeliūnas G. Ferris wheel patterning of Rydberg atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency with optical vortex fields. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:4204-4207. [PMID: 34469975 DOI: 10.1364/ol.427000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We study the formation of spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) patterns from pairs of Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes in an ensemble of cold interacting Rydberg atoms. The EIT patterns can be generated when two-photon detuning does not compensate for the Rydberg level energy shift induced by van der Waals interaction. Depending on the topological numbers of each LG mode, we can pattern dark and bright Ferris-wheel-like structures in the absorption profile with tunable barriers between sites, providing confinement of Rydberg atoms in transverse direction while rendering them transparent to light at specific angular positions. We also show how the atomic density may affect the azimuthal modulation of the absorption profile.
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21
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Mellado-Villaseñor G, Aguirre-Olivas D, Arrizón V. Generation of vector beams using synthetic phase holograms. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2021; 38:1094-1103. [PMID: 34613303 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.425964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We discuss a class of synthetic phase holograms (SPHs) applied to the generation of vector fields. Each SPH encodes the transverse components of the vector field, modulated by different linear phase carriers. Such components, which are spatially separated by the carriers, are modulated by appropriate orthogonal polarizations. A final stage that makes the components collinear allows the generation of the vector field. We assess the efficiency and accuracy of the different SPHs, in the task of generating vector fields. The proposal is illustrated by the implementation of vector Bessel beams, which are experimentally generated in a setup based on a phase spatial light modulator.
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22
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Long J, Hou T, Chang Q, Yu T, Su R, Ma P, Ma Y, Zhou P, Si L. Generation of optical vortex lattices by a coherent beam combining system. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3665-3668. [PMID: 34329251 DOI: 10.1364/ol.425186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unique features in intensity and phase structures, optical vortex lattices (OVLs) have attracted intensive attention and promoted various applications. However, the power scaling of OVLs always presents a critical challenge. Here we take advantage of the brightness enhancement of coherent beam combining (CBC) technology and propose an architecture for creating OVLs based on the CBC system. In the experiment, by utilizing the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm, the dynamic phase noises were compensated. The desired piston phase shifting of each element for tailoring the structured wavefront was implemented by the liquid crystal. When the system in a closed loop, hexagonal close-packed OVL consists of spatially distributed orbital angular momentum, beams can be generated in the far-field. This work is an important step toward future implementation of high-power structured light beams.
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23
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Du Y, Liu D, Fu S, Wang Y, Qin Y. Reconfigurable generation of double-ring perfect vortex beam. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:17353-17364. [PMID: 34154280 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfect vortex beam (PVB), whose ring radius is independent of its topological charge, play an important role in optical trapping and optical communication. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the reconfigurable double-ring PVB (DR-PVB) generation with independent manipulations of the amplitude, the radius, the width, and the topological charge for each ring. Based on complex amplitude modulation (CAM) with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM), we successfully verify the proposed DR-PVB generation scheme via the computer-generated hologram. Furthermore, we carry out a quantitative characterization for the generated DR-PVB, in terms of both the generation quality and the generation efficiency. The correlation coefficients of various reconfigurable DR-PVBs are above 0.8, together with the highest generation efficiency of 44%. We believe that, the proposed generation scheme of reconfigurable DR-PVB is desired for applications in both optical tweezers and orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing.
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Kerridge-Johns WR, Jaillot JB, Damzen MJ. Sampling a vortex from a Gaussian beam using a wedge-plate shearing interferometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:3510-3516. [PMID: 33983259 DOI: 10.1364/ao.422625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many vortex-generation techniques have been developed to address a range of potential applications, exploiting their unique amplitude and phase profiles and their possession of orbital angular momentum. In this work, we present what may be the simplest method of vortex beam generation, requiring only a wedged optic: the wedge-plate shearing interferometer (WPSI). We show that the WPSI can reflect a first order Laguerre-Gaussian vortex beam (LG01) with a theoretical purity of >99% from an input fundamental Gaussian beam, with 98% LG01 purity experimentally demonstrated. We demonstrate 1% power conversion with a route to 14%. The monolithic WPSI is a simple, compact, and highly stable device, which can operate at any wavelength that the material is transparent to. We anticipate that it will be useful where sampling a robust, high-purity vortex beam from a Gaussian laser beam is required, including low-cost vortex generation for metrology or education.
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Wang H, Fu S, Gao C. Tailoring a complex perfect optical vortex array with multiple selective degrees of freedom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10811-10824. [PMID: 33820207 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical vortex arrays (OVAs) have successfully aroused substantial interest from researchers for their promising prospects ranging from classical to quantum physics. Previous reported OVAs still show a lack of controllable dimensions which may hamper their applications. Taking an isolated perfect optical vortex (POV) as an array element, whose diameter is independent of its topological charge (TC), this paper proposes combined phase-only holograms to produce sophisticated POV arrays. The contributed scheme enables dynamically controllable multi-ring, TC, eccentricity, size, and the number of optical vortices (OVs). Apart from traditional single ring POV element, we set up a βg library to obtain optimized double ring POV element. With multiple selective degrees of freedom to be chosen, a series of POV arrays are generated which not only elucidate versatility of the method but also unravel analytical relationships between the set parameters and intensity patterns. More exotic structures are formed like the "Bear POV" to manifest the potential of this approach in tailoring customized structure beams. The experimental results show robust firmness with the theoretical simulations. As yet, these arrays make their public debut so far as we know, and will find miscellaneous applications especially in multi-microparticle trapping, large-capacity optical communications, novel pumping lasers and so on.
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26
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Lenton ICD, Volpe G, Stilgoe AB, Nieminen TA, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Machine learning reveals complex behaviours in optically trapped particles. MACHINE LEARNING-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abae76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Yang Y, Wu L, Liu Y, Xie D, Jin Z, Li J, Hu G, Qiu CW. Deuterogenic Plasmonic Vortices. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:6774-6779. [PMID: 32804512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The optical vortex on a chip is of extreme importance for many applications in nanoscience, and as well-known, the chiral metallic nanostructures like plasmonic vortex lenses (PVLs) can produce a spin-dependent plasmonic vortex (PV) which is governed by plasmonic spin-orbit coupling. The well-established nanophotonic theory and various experimental demonstrations all show a single PV mode in one PVL, when the excitation is fixed. Here, counterintuitively, we report the existence of the nontrivial deuterogenic PVs, besides the one predicted previously. We theoretically reveal a general spin-to-orbit coupling and experimentally demonstrate the surprising existence of multiple PVs in a single PVL even when excited by a fixed circularly polarized vortex beam. This work provides a deeper fundamental understanding of the dynamics and the near-field spin-orbit coupling in nanophotonics, which promises to flexibly manipulate the PV for emerging optical vortex-based nanotechnologies and quantum optical applications on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Yang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lixiang Wu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Dekun Xie
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhongwei Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guangwei Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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Zhao Z, Song H, Zhang R, Pang K, Liu C, Song H, Almaiman A, Manukyan K, Zhou H, Lynn B, Boyd RW, Tur M, Willner AE. Dynamic spatiotemporal beams that combine two independent and controllable orbital-angular-momenta using multiple optical-frequency-comb lines. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4099. [PMID: 32796838 PMCID: PMC7427811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel forms of beam generation and propagation based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) have recently gained significant interest. In terms of changes in time, OAM can be manifest at a given distance in different forms, including: (1) a Gaussian-like beam dot that revolves around a central axis, and (2) a Laguerre-Gaussian (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$LG_{\ell ,p}$$\end{document}LGℓ,p) beam with a helical phasefront rotating around its own beam center. Here we explore the generation of dynamic spatiotemporal beams that combine these two forms of orbital-angular-momenta by coherently adding multiple frequency comb lines. Each line carries a superposition of multiple \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$LG_{\ell ,p}$$\end{document}LGℓ,p modes such that each line is composed of a different \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ell$$\end{document}ℓ value and multiple p values. We simulate the generated beams and find that the following can be achieved: (a) mode purity up to 99%, and (b) control of the helical phasefront from 2π-6π and the revolving speed from 0.2–0.6 THz. This approach might be useful for generating spatiotemporal beams with even more sophisticated dynamic properties. Orbital angular momentum takes several forms in structured light beams. Here, the authors demonstrate control of dynamic spatiotemporal beams combining two forms of orbital angular momenta, by coherently adding frequency comb lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Hao Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Runzhou Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Kai Pang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Haoqian Song
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ahmed Almaiman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karapet Manukyan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Huibin Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Brittany Lynn
- Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, 92152, USA
| | - Robert W Boyd
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14627, USA
| | - Moshe Tur
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Alan E Willner
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Das KK. Significance and Sensor Utility of Phase in Quantum Localization Transition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:070401. [PMID: 32857535 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.070401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degree of localization of the Harper-Hofstadter model is shown to display striking periodic dependence on phase degrees of freedom, which can depend on the nature of the boundary condition, reminiscent of the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In the context of implementation in a finite ring-shaped lattice structure, this phase dependence can be utilized as a fundamentally different principle for precision sensing of rotation and magnetic fields based on localization rather than on interferometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal K Das
- Department of Physical Sciences, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, Pennsylvania 19530, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA
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30
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Rincón I, Arrizón V. Non-diffracting optical fields with a Fourier spectrum azimuthally modulated by a periodic phase function. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7020-7026. [PMID: 32788796 DOI: 10.1364/ao.395894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We analyze non-diffracting fields (NDFs) with Fourier spectra that are phase-only azimuthally modulated. In this context, we identify a weak interference regime of the different Bessel beams that compose each NDF, which allows the use of a simple method to control several features of this field. The approach is illustrated considering periodic sinusoidal and binary azimuth phases. For generation of the NDFs, we employ an experimental setup that operates using a sequential double phase modulation in a spatial light modulator.
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31
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Gharbi Ghebjagh S, Sinzinger S. Composite spiral multi-value zone plates. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4618-4623. [PMID: 32543570 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present composite spiral multi-value phase zone plates that are achieved by sectioning a spiral multi-value phase zone plate into several radial regions. Each region is composed of specially structured Fresnel zones with optimized phase values and an embedded basic topological charge. In numerical studies, it is shown that the proposed element is capable of producing equal intensity arrays of petal-like modes as well as dark optical ring lattice structures along the optical axis in multiple focal planes of the diffractive element. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the generated petal-like modes can be rotated in a controllable manner by implementing an angular frequency shift between the two composited spiral multi-value phase zone plates. We also illustrate that the rotation angle is independent of the diffraction order. Experimental results are included to verify the theoretical outcomes, where the phase pattern of the composite spiral multi-value zone plate is encoded onto a spatial light modulator.
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32
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Li X, Zhang H. Anomalous ring-connected optical vortex array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13775-13785. [PMID: 32403845 DOI: 10.1364/oe.390985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anomalous ring-connected optical vortex array (ARC-OVA) via the superposition of two grafted optical vortices (GOVs) with different topological charges (TCs) has been proposed. Compared with conventional OVAs, the signs and distribution of the OVs can be individually modulated, while the number of OVs remains unchanged. In particular, the positive and negative OVs simultaneously appear in the same intensity ring. Additionally, the size of the dark core occupied by the OV can be modulated, and the specific dark core is shared by a pair of plus-minus OVs. This work deepens our knowledge about connected OVAs and facilitates new potential applications, especially in particle manipulation and optical measurement.
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33
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Henderson VA, Johnson MYH, Kale YB, Griffin PF, Riis E, Arnold AS. Optical characterisation of micro-fabricated Fresnel zone plates for atomic waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9072-9081. [PMID: 32225520 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We optically assess Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) that are designed to guide cold atoms. Imaging of various ring patterns produced by the FZPs gives an average RMS error in the brightest part of the ring of 3% with respect to trap depth. This residue is attributed to the imaging system, incident beam shape and FZP manufacturing tolerances. Axial propagation of the potentials is presented experimentally and through numerical simulations, illustrating prospects for atom guiding without requiring light sheets.
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34
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Zheng S, Yuan C, Ji X, Wang T. Ring-shaped twisted Gaussian Schell-model array beams. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2020; 37:444-449. [PMID: 32118928 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.382599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new partially coherent source which can generate a beam field with a ring-shaped twisted array profile is presented, and the distribution characteristics of spectral density and degree of coherence of the field are discussed. It is shown that both the spectral density and degree of coherence will rotate along the propagating direction, but in opposite rotating directions. Furthermore, we find that the distribution properties of the ring-shaped array of the spectral density, including the number of the rings, the number of the lobes of each ring, and the distance of all adjacent lobes, can be properly controlled by adjusting structural parameters of the source.
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35
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Pizzi A, Knolle J, Nunnenkamp A. Period-n Discrete Time Crystals and Quasicrystals with Ultracold Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:150601. [PMID: 31702308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.150601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the out-of-equilibrium properties of a system of interacting bosons in a ring lattice. We present a Floquet driving that induces clockwise (counterclockwise) circulation of the particles among the odd (even) sites of the ring which can be mapped to a fully connected model of clocks of two counterrotating species. The clocklike motion of the particles is at the core of a period-n discrete time crystal where L=2n is the number of lattice sites. In the presence of a "staircaselike" on-site potential, we report the emergence of a second characteristic timescale in addition to the period n-tupling. This new timescale depends on the microscopic parameters of the Hamiltonian and is incommensurate with the Floquet period, underpinning a dynamical phase we call "time quasicrystal." The rich dynamical phase diagram also features a thermal phase and an oscillatory phase, all of which we investigate and characterize. Our simple, yet rich model can be realized with state-of-the-art ultracold atoms experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pizzi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Knolle
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Nunnenkamp
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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36
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Yuan J. Vorticity induced by chiral plasmonic fields. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:533-535. [PMID: 31061486 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yuan
- Department of Physics, University of York, York, UK.
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37
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Lazarev G, Chen PJ, Strauss J, Fontaine N, Forbes A. Beyond the display: phase-only liquid crystal on Silicon devices and their applications in photonics [Invited]. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16206-16249. [PMID: 31163804 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Existing for almost four decades, liquid crystal on Silicon (LCOS) technology is rapidly growing into photonic applications. We review the basics of the technology, from the wafer to the driving solutions, the progress over the last decade and the future outlook. Furthermore we review the most exciting industrial and scientific applications of the LCOS technology.
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38
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Lü JQ, Li PP, Wang D, Tu C, Li Y, Wang HT. Control on helical filaments by twisted beams in a nonlinear CS 2 medium. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:29527-29538. [PMID: 30470115 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.029527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Curved filament with large bent angle and controllable propagation behavior has always been great expectation and challenge due to its novelty and complexity. The unique properties of curved filaments make it possible to achieve many applications in micro-fabrication, spectroscopy and meteorology. Here we realize experimentally and theoretically control on helical filaments induced by twisted beams in CS2. The results show that helical filaments exhibit a robust pattern and high rotation rate. Specific intensity pattern of the twisted beam confines the filaments in fixed relative position and the azimuthal energy flux drives the rotating of the filamentation pattern. In addition, we demonstrated that the global orbital angular momentum (OAM) of twisted beams is still conservative to be zero, but local OAMs exhibit distinct variation during nonlinear propagation. Our idea has its significance which realizes the construction of helical filaments with flexibility and controllability and then facilitates to push the development of related researches.
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39
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Li X, Ma H, Zhang H, Tai Y, Li H, Tang M, Wang J, Tang J, Cai Y. Close-packed optical vortex lattices with controllable structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:22965-22975. [PMID: 30184953 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.022965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a spatial structured light field, the optical vortex (OV) has attracted extensive attention in recent years. In practice, the OV lattice (OVL) is an optimal candidate for applications of orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based optical communications, microparticle manipulation, and micro/nanofabrication. However, traditional methods for producing OVLs meet a significant challenge: the OVL structures cannot be adjusted freely and form a close-packed arrangement, simultaneously. To overcome these difficulties, we propose an alternative scheme to produce close-packed OVLs (CPOVLs) with controllable structures. By borrowing the concept of the close-packed lattice from solid-state physics, CPOVLs with versatile structures are produced by using logical operations of expanding OV primitive cells combined with the technique of phase mask generation. Then, the existence of OAM states in the CPOVLs is verified. Furthermore, the energy flow and OAM distribution of the CPOVLs are visualized and analyzed. From a light field physics viewpoint, this work increases the adjustment dimensions and extends the fundamental understanding of the OVL, which will introduce novel applications.
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Runyon MT, Nacke CH, Sit A, Granados-Baez M, Giner L, Lundeen JS. Implementation of nearly arbitrary spatially varying polarization transformations: an in-principle lossless approach using spatial light modulators. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5769-5778. [PMID: 30118046 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A fast and automated scheme for general polarization transformations holds great value in adaptive optics, quantum information, and virtually all applications involving light-matter and light-light interactions. We present an experiment that uses a liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator to perform polarization transformations on a light field. We experimentally demonstrate the point-by-point conversion of uniformly polarized light fields across the wavefront to realize arbitrary, spatially varying polarization states. Additionally, we demonstrate that a light field with an arbitrary spatially varying polarization can be transformed to a spatially invariant (i.e., uniform) polarization.
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Selyem A, Fayard S, Clark TW, Arnold AS, Radwell N, Franke-Arnold S. Holographically controlled three-dimensional atomic population patterns. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:18513-18522. [PMID: 30114030 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.018513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of spatially structured light fields with atomic media can generate spatial structures inscribed in the atomic populations and coherences, allowing for example the storage of optical images in atomic vapours. Typically, this involves coherent optical processes based on Raman or EIT transitions. Here we study the simpler situation of shaping atomic populations via spatially dependent optical depletion. Using a near resonant laser beam with a holographically controlled 3D intensity profile, we imprint 3D population structures into a thermal rubidium vapour. This 3D population structure is simultaneously read out by recording the spatially resolved fluorescence of an unshaped probe laser. We find that the reconstructed atomic population structure is largely complementary to the intensity structure of the control beam, however appears blurred due to global repopulation processes. We identify and model these mechanisms which limit the achievable resolution of the 3D atomic population. We expect this work to set design criteria for future 2D and 3D atomic memories.
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Li L, Chang C, Yuan X, Yuan C, Feng S, Nie S, Ding J. Generation of optical vortex array along arbitrary curvilinear arrangement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:9798-9812. [PMID: 29715926 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose an approach for creating optical vortex array (OVA) arranged along arbitrary curvilinear path, based on the coaxial interference of two width-controllable component curves calculated by modified holographic beam shaping technique. The two component curve beams have different radial dimensions as well as phase gradients along each beam such that the number of phase singularity in the curvilinear arranged optical vortex array (CA-OVA) is freely tunable on demand. Hybrid CA-OVA that comprises of multiple OVA structures along different respective curves is also discussed and demonstrated. Furthermore, we study the conversion of CA-OVA into vector mode that comprises of polarization vortex array with varied polarization state distribution. Both simulation and experimental results prove the performance of the proposed method of generating a complex structured vortex array, which is of significance for potential applications including multiple trapping of micro-sized particles.
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Patra M, Maiti SK. Externally controlled high degree of spin polarization and spin inversion in a conducting junction: Two new approaches. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14313. [PMID: 29084987 PMCID: PMC5662718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose two new approaches for regulating spin polarization and spin inversion in a conducting junction within a tight-binding framework based on wave-guide theory. The system comprises a magnetic quantum ring with finite modulation in site potential is coupled to two non-magnetic electrodes. Due to close proximity an additional tunneling is established between the electrodes which regulates electronic transmission significantly. At the same time the phase associated with site potential, which can be tuned externally yields controlled transmission probabilities. Our results are valid for a wide range of parameter values which demonstrates the robustness of our proposition. We strongly believe that the proposed model can be realized in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Patra
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700 108, India
| | - Santanu K Maiti
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road, Kolkata, 700 108, India.
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Franke-Arnold S. Optical angular momentum and atoms. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20150435. [PMID: 28069766 PMCID: PMC5247479 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Any coherent interaction of light and atoms needs to conserve energy, linear momentum and angular momentum. What happens to an atom's angular momentum if it encounters light that carries orbital angular momentum (OAM)? This is a particularly intriguing question as the angular momentum of atoms is quantized, incorporating the intrinsic spin angular momentum of the individual electrons as well as the OAM associated with their spatial distribution. In addition, a mechanical angular momentum can arise from the rotation of the entire atom, which for very cold atoms is also quantized. Atoms therefore allow us to probe and access the quantum properties of light's OAM, aiding our fundamental understanding of light-matter interactions, and moreover, allowing us to construct OAM-based applications, including quantum memories, frequency converters for shaped light and OAM-based sensors.This article is part of the themed issue 'Optical orbital angular momentum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Franke-Arnold
- SUPA and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Webster J, Rosales-Guzmán C, Forbes A. Radially dependent angular acceleration of twisted light. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:675-678. [PMID: 28198837 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
While photons travel in a straight line at constant velocity in free space, the intensity profile of structured light may be tailored for acceleration in any degree of freedom. Here we propose a simple approach to control the angular acceleration of light. Using Laguerre-Gaussian modes as our twisted beams carrying orbital angular momentum, we show that superpositions of opposite handedness result in a radially dependent angular acceleration as they pass through a focus (waist plane). Due to conservation of orbital angular momentum, we find that propagation dynamics are complex despite the free-space medium: the outer part of the beam (rings) rotates in an opposite direction to the inner part (petals), and while the outer part accelerates, the inner part decelerates. We outline the concepts theoretically and confirm them experimentally. Such exotic structured light beams are topical due to their many applications, for instance in optical trapping and tweezing, metrology, and fundamental studies in optics.
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Sakamoto M, Sasaki T, Tien TM, Noda K, Kawatsuki N, Ono H. Flexible and achromatic generation of optical vortices by use of vector beam recorded functionalized liquid crystals. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:10427-10434. [PMID: 28059273 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.010427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the spatial light modulation properties of an optical vortex (OV) generator consisting of azo-dye-doped polymer liquid crystal (ADDLC) and a vector beam illuminator, focusing on flexibility and achromaticity for generating OVs. Uniaxially aligned ADDLC forms three-dimensional photoinduced twisted anisotropic structures under vector beam illumination, and can generate high-order OVs with even-numbered topological charges that correspond to the polarization pattern of the illuminating vector beam. The induced anisotropic structure can be re-initialized by turning it off and changing the vector beam polarization distribution. Simulations showed that the OV generator also has achromatic wavefront modulation properties for the broadband spectrum, and this feature was experimentally demonstrated by using two laser sources whose wavelengths are λ=633 nm and 780 nm, respectively.
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Yamane K, Sakamoto M, Murakami N, Morita R, Oka K. Picosecond rotation of a ring-shaped optical lattice by using a chirped vortex-pulse pair. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4597-4600. [PMID: 27749890 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of ultrafast rotation of a ring-shaped optical lattice in the picosecond time region was proposed and demonstrated. Our ring-lattice generator was assembled by a pair of linearly chirped pulses with a time delay, a high-order birefringent retarder, and an axially symmetric polarization element. Using a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser oscillator as a light source, stable two-, four-, and six-petaled ring-lattice rotations were demonstrated with the rotation periods of 1.6, 3.2, and 4.8 ps, respectively. Our method has the potential to open up a new technique to resonantly excite propagating quasi-particles together with their coherent enhancement.
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Ding DS, Zhang W, Shi S, Zhou ZY, Li Y, Shi BS, Guo GC. High-dimensional entanglement between distant atomic-ensemble memories. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16157. [PMID: 30167124 PMCID: PMC6059826 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Entangled quantum states in high-dimensional space show many advantages compared with entangled states in two-dimensional space. The former enable quantum communication with higher channel capacity, enable more efficient quantum-information processing and are more feasible for closing the detection loophole in Bell test experiments. Establishing high-dimensional entangled memories is essential for long-distance communication, but its experimental realization is lacking. We experimentally established high-dimensional entanglement in orbital angular momentum space between two atomic ensembles separated by 1 m. We reconstructed the density matrix for a three-dimensional entanglement and obtained an entanglement fidelity of (83.9±2.9)%. More importantly, we confirmed the successful preparation of a state entangled in more than three-dimensional space (up to seven-dimensional) using entanglement witnesses. Achieving high-dimensional entanglement represents a significant step toward a high-capacity quantum network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bao-Sen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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Clark TW, Offer RF, Franke-Arnold S, Arnold AS, Radwell N. Comparison of beam generation techniques using a phase only spatial light modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:6249-64. [PMID: 27136818 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.006249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Whether in art or for QR codes, images have proven to be both powerful and efficient carriers of information. Spatial light modulators allow an unprecedented level of control over the generation of optical fields by using digital holograms. There is no unique way of obtaining a desired light pattern however, leaving many competing methods for hologram generation. In this paper, we test six hologram generation techniques in the creation of a variety of modes as well as a photographic image: rating the methods according to obtained mode quality and power. All techniques compensate for a non-uniform mode profile of the input laser and incorporate amplitude scaling. We find that all methods perform well and stress the importance of appropriate spatial filtering. We expect these results to be of interest to those working in the contexts of microscopy, optical trapping or quantum image creation.
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Rumala YS. Sensitivity in frequency dependent angular rotation of optical vortices. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:2024-2033. [PMID: 26974798 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.002024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents robust strategies to enhance the rotation sensitivity (and resolution) of a coherent superposition of optical vortices emerging from a single spiral phase plate (SPP) device when light's optical frequency (or wavelength) going into the SPP device is varied. The paper discusses the generation and measurement of ultrasmall rotation. Factors that affect the ability to perform precision rotation measurements include the linewidth and stability of the input light source, the number of photon counts making position rotation measurements on the CCD detector, SPP reflectivity, the length of SPP device, and the angular modulation frequency of the intensity pattern due to a coherent superposition of optical vortices in a single SPP device. This paper also discusses parameters to obtain a high-sensitivity single shot measurement and multiple measurements. Furthermore, it presents what I believe is a new scaling showing the enhancement in sensitivity (and resolution) in the standard quantum limit and Heisenberg limit. With experimentally realizable parameters, there is an enhancement of rotation sensitivity by at least one order of magnitude compared to previous rotation measurements with optical vortices. Understanding robust strategies to enhance the rotation sensitivity in an SPP device is important to metrology in general and for building compact SPP sensors such as gyroscopes, molecular sensors, and thermal sensors.
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