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Marusov G, Sweatt A, Pietrosimone K, Benson D, Geary SJ, Silbart LK, Challa S, Lagoy J, Lawrence DA, Lynes MA. A microarray biosensor for multiplexed detection of microbes using grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:348-59. [PMID: 22029256 PMCID: PMC3312245 DOI: 10.1021/es201239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance imaging (GCSPRI) utilizes an optical diffraction grating embossed on a gold-coated sensor chip to couple collimated incident light into surface plasmons. The angle at which this coupling occurs is sensitive to the capture of analyte at the chip surface. This approach permits the use of disposable biosensor chips that can be mass-produced at low cost and spotted in microarray format to greatly increase multiplexing capabilities. The current GCSPRI instrument has the capacity to simultaneously measure binding at over 1000 unique, discrete regions of interest (ROIs) by utilizing a compact microarray of antibodies or other specific capture molecules immobilized on the sensor chip. In this report, we describe the use of GCSPRI to directly detect multiple analytes over a large dynamic range, including soluble protein toxins, bacterial cells, and viruses, in near real-time. GCSPRI was used to detect a variety of agents that would be useful for diagnostic and environmental sensing purposes, including macromolecular antigens, a nontoxic form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ntPE), Bacillus globigii, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and M13 bacteriophage. These studies indicate that GCSPRI can be used to simultaneously assess the presence of toxins and pathogens, as well as quantify specific antibodies to environmental agents, in a rapid, label-free, and highly multiplexed assay requiring nanoliter amounts of capture reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Marusov
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Andrew Sweatt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Kathryn Pietrosimone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - David Benson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Steven J. Geary
- Department of Pathobiology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
- The Center of Excellence For Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Lawrence K. Silbart
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
- The Center of Excellence For Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Sreerupa Challa
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
- The Center of Excellence For Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | - Jacqueline Lagoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
| | | | - Michael A. Lynes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
- The Center of Excellence For Vaccine Research, The University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125
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Sivan Y, Xiao S, Chettiar UK, Kildishev AV, Shalaev VM. Frequency-domain simulations of a negative-index material with embedded gain. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:24060-24074. [PMID: 20052118 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.024060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We solve the equations governing light propagation in a negative-index material with embedded nonlinearly saturable gain material using a frequency-domain model. We show that available gain materials can lead to complete loss compensation only if they are located in the regions where the field enhancement is maximal. We study the increased enhancement of the fields in the gain composite as well as in the metal inclusions and show analytically that the effective gain is determined by the average near-field enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Sivan
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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