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Al-Naib I, Ateeq IS. Excitation of Asymmetric Resonance with Symmetric Split-Ring Resonator. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5921. [PMID: 36079302 PMCID: PMC9457336 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new approach to excite sharp asymmetric resonances using a single completely symmetric split-ring resonator (SRR) inside a rectangular waveguide is proposed. The method is based on an asymmetry in the excitation of a symmetric split-ring resonator by placing it away from the center of the waveguide along its horizontal axis. In turn, a prominent asymmetric resonance was observed in the transmission amplitude of both the simulated results and the measured data. Using a single symmetric SRR with an asymmetric distance of 6 mm from the center of a rectangular waveguide led to the excitation of a sharp resonance with a Q-factor of 314 at 6.9 GHz. More importantly, a parametric study simulating different overlayer analytes with various refractive indices revealed a wavelength sensitivity of 579,710 nm/RIU for 150 μm analyte thickness.
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Tasolamprou AC, Mentzaki D, Viskadourakis Z, Economou EN, Kafesaki M, Kenanakis G. Flexible 3D Printed Conductive Metamaterial Units for Electromagnetic Applications in Microwaves. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13173879. [PMID: 32887426 PMCID: PMC7504361 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present a method for fabricating three dimensional, ultralight and flexible millimeter metamaterial units using a commercial household 3D printer. The method is low-cost, fast, eco-friendly and accessible. In particular, we use the Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing technique and we fabricate flexible conductive Spilt Ring Resonators (SRRs) in a free-standing form. We characterized the samples experimentally through measurements of their spectral transmission, using standard rectangular microwave waveguides. Our findings show that the resonators produce well defined resonant electromagnetic features that depend on the structural details and the infiltrating dielectric materials, indicating that the thin, flexible and light 3D printed structures may be used as electromagnetic microwave components and electromagnetic fabrics for coating a variety of devices and infrastructure units, while adapting to different shapes and sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Tasolamprou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Despoina Mentzaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Zacharias Viskadourakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Eleftherios N. Economou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
- Physics Department, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Kafesaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kenanakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece; (D.M.); (Z.V.); (E.N.E.); (M.K.); (G.K.)
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Enhancing Absorption Bandwidth through Vertically Oriented Metamaterials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9112223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metamaterials research has developed perfect absorbers from microwave to optical frequencies, mainly featuring planar metamaterials, also referred to as metasurfaces. In this study, we investigated vertically oriented metamaterials, which make use of the entire three-dimensional space, as a new avenue to widen the spectral absorption band in the infrared regime between 20 and 40 THz. Vertically oriented metamaterials, such as those simulated in this work, can be experimentally realized through membrane projection lithography, which allows a single unit cell to be decorated with multiple resonators by exploiting the vertical dimension. In particular, we analyzed the cases of a unit cell containing a single vertical split-ring resonator (VSRR), a single planar split-ring resonator (PSRR), and both a VSRR and PSRR to explore intra-cell coupling between resonators. We show that the additional degrees of freedom enabled by placing multiple resonators in a unit cell lead to novel ways of achieving omnidirectional super absorption. Our results provide an innovative approach for controlling and designing engineered nanostructures.
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Zhao W, Qi J, Lu Y, Wang R, Zhang Q, Xiong H, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Xu J. On-chip plasmon-induced transparency in THz metamaterial on a LiNbO 3 subwavelength planar waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:7373-7383. [PMID: 30876302 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate on-chip plasmon-induced transparency at THz frequencies using a meta-structure deposited on a 50 μm-thick dielectric subwavelength waveguide. The obvious plasmon-induced transparency results from strong coupling between the respective modes of a cut wire and a double-gap split ring resonator. The simulation and experimental results are consistent. Based on our numerical simulations of the temporal evolution of plasmon-induced transparency, a π/2 phase difference at the transparency peak between the above two modes is observed, i.e., there is energy oscillating between them that exhibits Rabi oscillation-like behavior. In addition, at the transparency peak, a strong local-field enhancement effect and high transmission can be obtained simultaneously, which can be tuned by changing the separation between the cut wire and the double-gap split ring resonator. These results will facilitate the design of THz integrated photonic devices and serve as an excellent platform for nonlinear optics and sensing.
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Abstract
Harnessing artificial optical magnetism has previously required complex two- and three-dimensional structures, such as nanoparticle arrays and split-ring metamaterials. By contrast, planar structures, and in particular dielectric/metal multilayer metamaterials, have been generally considered non-magnetic. Although the hyperbolic and plasmonic properties of these systems have been extensively investigated, their assumed non-magnetic response limits their performance to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. We propose and experimentally validate a mechanism for artificial magnetism in planar multilayer metamaterials. We also demonstrate that the magnetic properties of high-index dielectric/metal hyperbolic metamaterials can be anisotropic, leading to magnetic hyperbolic dispersion in certain frequency regimes. We show that such systems can support transverse electric polarized interface-bound waves, analogous to their TM counterparts, surface plasmon polaritons. Our results open a route for tailoring optical artificial magnetism in lithography-free layered systems and enable us to generalize the plasmonic and hyperbolic properties to encompass both linear polarizations. Most natural materials do not have a magnetic response at optical frequencies and inducing optical magnetism by metamaterials typically requires complex nanostructures. Here, Papadakis et al. show that artificial optical magnetism can also be achieved with planar multilayer metamaterials.
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Lin YJ, Chang YH, Chien WC, Kuo W. Transmission line metamaterials based on strongly coupled split ring/complementary split ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30395-30405. [PMID: 29221069 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally studied the coupling between a double split ring resonator and a complementary split ring resonator. The greatest coupling occurs when the two resonators are separated by the average ring radius, and the dimensionless coupling is as large as 0.1, allowing a novel planar metamaterial based on this hybrid structure. The coupling strength can be varied up to a factor of 2 by changing the relative orientation of the split ring resonators. A 2×2 waveguide structure with -10 dB coupling factor can be achieved, and showing multi-mode plasmon-induced transparency. It can be considered one-dimensional metamaterials exhibiting negative permeability and permittivity simultaneously.
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Su CW, Chen KP. Broadband gold nanoantennas arrays with transverse dimension effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:17760-17765. [PMID: 27505744 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.017760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Broadband resonance in gold paired-rods nanoantennas and paired-strips gratings is investigated when the nanostructure's transverse (non-polarization) dimension is changed from paired-rods to paired-strips. Increasing the transverse dimension blue shifts the resonance wavelength and widens its bandwidth due to cancellation of the magnetic field between nanoantennas. A derived resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) equivalent circuit model verifies the nanostructures' resonance when elongating the transverse dimensions. Paired-strips gratings have a bandwidth 2.04 times that of paired-rods nanoantennas.
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Tok RU, Şendur K. Plasmonic spiderweb nanoantenna surface for broadband hotspot generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6977-6980. [PMID: 25503045 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a general framework for obtaining a plasmonic nanoantenna surface with a broadband polarization-independent response. The plasmonic spiderweb nanoantenna surface is composed of unit cells, which form multiple resonance paths due to patterning of the metallic conductor such that electrons can find multiple ways to oscillate between the poles of the conductor. The tailoring of the conductor paths and shapes of the unit cells' patterns results in a broadband spectral response. At various resonance frequencies, the electrons oscillate along different paths between the poles of the antenna, generating broadband hot spots around those poles.
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Poo Y, Wu RX, Liu M, Wang L. A circuit model for the hybrid resonance modes of paired SRR metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:1920-1929. [PMID: 24515201 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the resonance modes caused by the interelement couplings in the building block of metamaterials, we propose a circuit model for the hybrid resonance modes of paired split ring resonators. The model identifies the electromagnetic coupling between the paired rings by electric and magnetic coupling networks and well explains the variation of hybrid resonance modes with respect to the distance and the twist angle between the rings. The predictions of our model are further proved by experiments.
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Bendoym I, Golovin AB, Crouse DT. The light filtering and guiding properties of high finesse phase resonant compound gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:22830-22846. [PMID: 23037433 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.022830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phase resonances in compound gratings are studied in the frequency and time domains, with the gratings having two dissimilar grooves within the unit cell that each support waveguide cavity modes that couple. Described in this work are the dependence of the phase resonances' Q on the degree of difference between the grooves in the unit cell, their optical properties, a closed-form expression describing their dispersion, their excitation, and the extraction of energy from the phase resonances into free space and into a waveguide. Application to optical filters and corrugated surface antennas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Bendoym
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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Chowdhury DR, Singh R, Reiten M, Zhou J, Taylor AJ, O'Hara JF. Tailored resonator coupling for modifying the terahertz metamaterial response. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:10679-85. [PMID: 21643323 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.010679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically study the nature of coupling between laterally paired terahertz metamaterial split-ring resonators. Coupling is shown to modify the inductive-capacitive (LC) resonances resulting in either red or blue-shifting. Results indicate that tuning of the electric and magnetic coupling parameters may be accomplished not by changing the orientation or density of SRRs, but by a design modification at the unit cell level. These experiments illustrate additional degrees of freedom in tuning the electromagnetic response, which offers a path to more robust metamaterial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibakar Roy Chowdhury
- MPA-CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, MS K771, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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Zhao R, Tassin P, Koschny T, Soukoulis CM. Optical forces in nanowire pairs and metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:25665-25676. [PMID: 21164913 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.025665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the optical force arising when isolated gold nanowire pairs and metamaterials with a gold nanowire pair in the unit cell are illuminated with laser radiation. Firstly, we show that isolated nanowire pairs are subject to much stronger optical forces than nanospheres due to their stronger electric and magnetic dipole resonances. We also investigate the properties of the optical force as a function of the length of the nanowires and of the distance between the nanowires. Secondly, we study the optical force in a metamaterial that consists of a periodic array of nanowire pairs. We show that the ratio of the size of the unit cell to the length of the nanowires determines whether the electric dipole resonance leads to an attractive or a repulsive force, and we present the underlying physical mechanism for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkuo Zhao
- Ames Laboratory—US DOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Tang J, He S. A novel structure for double negative NIMs towards UV spectrum with high FOM. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:25256-25263. [PMID: 21164873 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.025256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel ring structure is proposed for double negative NIMs at visible light spectrum with high FOM (e.g. about 11 at a wavelength of
583 nm) and low loss. Besides the effective medium theory, an equivalent circuit model is also given to explain physically why our novel structure can give double negative behavior with low loss. Adapted from the original ring structure, two other types of structures, namely, disk and nanowire structures, are also given to further push double negative NIMs toward ultraviolet (UV) spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Tang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Aydin K, Pryce IM, Atwater HA. Symmetry breaking and strong coupling in planar optical metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:13407-13417. [PMID: 20588471 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.013407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate narrow transmission resonances at near-infrared wavelengths utilizing coupled asymmetric split-ring resonators (SRRs). By breaking the symmetry of the coupled SRR system, one can excite dark (subradiant) resonant modes that are not readily accessible to symmetric SRR structures. We also show that the quality factor of metamaterial resonant elements can be controlled by tailoring the degree of asymmetry. Changing the distance between asymmetric resonators changes the coupling strength and results in resonant frequency tuning due to resonance hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Aydin
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratories of Applied Physics California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
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Ekmekci E, Topalli K, Akin T, Turhan-Sayan G. A tunable multi-band metamaterial design using micro-split SRR structures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:16046-16058. [PMID: 19724605 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.016046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a feasibility study for the design of multi-band tunable metamaterials based on the use of micro-split SRR (MSSRR) structures. In this study, we have designed and constructed a conventional split-ring resonator (SRR) unit cell (type A) and two modified SRR unit cells having the same design parameters except that they contain two (type B) or four (type C) additional micro-splits on the outer square ring, along the arm having the main split. Transmission characteristics of the resulting MSSRR cells are obtained both numerically and experimentally and compared to those of the ordinary SRR unit cell. It is observed that the presence of the additional micro-splits leads to the increase of resonance frequency by substantial amounts due to the series capacitance effect. Next, we have designed and constructed 2 x 2 homogeneous arrays of magnetic resonators which consist of the same type of cells (either A, or B, or C). Such MSSRR blocks are found to provide only a single frequency band of operation around the magnetic resonance frequency of the related unit cell structure. Finally, we have designed and constructed 2 x 2 and 3 x 2 inhomogeneous arrays which contain columns of different types of metamaterial unit cells. We have shown that these inhomogeneous arrays provide two or three different frequency bands of operations due to the use of different magnetic resonators together. The number of additional micro-splits in a given MSSRR cell can be interactively controlled by various switching technologies to modify the overall metamaterial topology for the purpose of activating different sets of multiple resonance frequencies. In this context, use of electrostatically actuated RF MEMS switches is discussed, and their implementation is suggested as a future work, to control the states of micro-splits in large MSSRR arrays to realize tunable multi-band metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evren Ekmekci
- Dept. Electrical and Electronics Eng., Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Tassin P, Zhang L, Koschny T, Economou EN, Soukoulis CM. Planar designs for electromagnetically induced transparency in metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:5595-5605. [PMID: 19333327 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.005595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a planar design of a metamaterial exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency that is amenable to experimental verification in the microwave frequency band. The design is based on the coupling of a split-ring resonator with a cut-wire in the same plane. We investigate the sensitivity of the parameters of the transmission window on the coupling strength and on the circuit elements of the individual resonators, and we interpret the results in terms of two linearly coupled Lorentzian resonators. Our metamaterial designs combine low losses with the extremely small group velocity associated with the resonant response in the transmission window, rendering them suitable for slow light applications at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Tassin
- 1Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.
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