Light beam coupling between standard single mode fibers and highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers based on the fused biconical tapering technique

Liquid-Filled Highly Asymmetric Photonic Crystal Fiber Sagnac Interferometer Temperature Sensor

In this paper, we theoretically designed and numerically studied a high-resolution and ultrasensitive photonic crystal fiber temperature sensor by selective filling of a liquid with high thermo-optic coefficient in one of the airholes of the fiber. The finite element method was utilized to study the propagation characteristics and the modal birefringence of the fiber under different ambient temperatures. A large base birefringence value of 7.7 × 10−4 as well as a large birefringence sensitivity of almost 29% to a 10 °C temperature variation was achieved for the optimized fiber design with liquid chloroform between 15 °C and 35 °C. We also studied the performance of the proposed optical fiber in a temperature sensing Sagnac interferometer. An average linear temperature sensitivity of 17.53 nm/°C with an average resolution of 5.7 × 10−4 °C was achieved over a temperature range of 20 °C (15 °C to 35 °C).