1
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Cai S, Ma Z, Ge Z, Yang W. Recent advances in optically induced di-electrophoresis and its biomedical applications. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:22. [PMID: 35689721 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The development of the micro/nano science and technology has promoted the evolvement of human civilization tremendously. The advancement of the micro/nano science and technology highly depends on the progress of the micro/nano manipulation techniques, and the micro/nano-scaled manipulation level is the critical sign of the micro/nano science and technology. This review, aimed at the demand and the challenge of the micro/nano material and biomedical fields and related to the scientific issues and implementation techniques of the optically induced di-electrophoresis (ODEP). We explained its working principle, manipulating method, and influencing factors of ODEP force to a certain extent. A number of application fields based-ODEP technology and specific applications so far are summarized and reviewed. Finally, some perspectives are provided on current development trends, future research directions, and challenges of ODEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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2
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Liang S, Sun J, Zhang C, Zhu Z, Dai Y, Gan C, Cai J, Chen H, Feng L. Parallel Manipulation and Flexible Assembly of Micro-Spiral via Optoelectronic Tweezers. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:868821. [PMID: 35387303 PMCID: PMC8977588 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.868821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-spiral has a wide range of applications in smart materials, such as drug delivery, deformable materials, and micro-scale electronic devices by utilizing the manipulation of electric fields, magnetic fields, and flow fields. However, it is incredibly challenging to achieve a massively parallel manipulation of the micro-spiral to form a particular microstructure in these conventional methods. Here, a simple method is reported for assembling micro-spirals into various microstructures via optoelectronic tweezers (OETs), which can accurately manipulate the micro-/bio-particles by projecting light patterns. The manipulation force of micro-spiral is analyzed and simulated first by the finite element simulation. When the micro-spiral lies at the bottom of the microfluidic chip, it can be translated or rotated toward the target position by applying control forces simultaneously at multiple locations on the long axis of the micro-spiral. Through the OET manipulation, the length of the micro-spiral chain can reach 806.45 μm. Moreover, the different parallel manipulation modes are achieved by utilizing multiple light spots. The results show that the micro-spirulina can be manipulated by a real-time local light pattern and be flexibly assembled into design microstructures by OETs, such as a T-shape circuit, link lever, and micro-coil pairs of devices. This assembly method using OETs has promising potential in fabricating innovative materials and microdevices for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhang Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chaonan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zixi Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuguo Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyuan Gan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Huawei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhang S, Xu B, Elsayed M, Nan F, Liang W, Valley JK, Liu L, Huang Q, Wu MC, Wheeler AR. Optoelectronic tweezers: a versatile toolbox for nano-/micro-manipulation. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9203-9242. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the fundamentals, recent progress and state-of-the-art applications of optoelectronic tweezers technology, and demonstrates that optoelectronic tweezers technology is a versatile and powerful toolbox for nano-/micro-manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bingrui Xu
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mohamed Elsayed
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Fan Nan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China
| | - Justin K. Valley
- Berkeley Lights, Inc, 5858 Horton Street #320, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Room 711, Building No 6, Science and Technology Park, 5 Zhongguancun South St, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ming C. Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Aaron R. Wheeler
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Recent Advances on Thermal Management of Flexible Inorganic Electronics. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11040390. [PMID: 32283609 PMCID: PMC7231351 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flexible inorganic electronic devices (FIEDs) consisting of functional inorganic components on a soft polymer substrate have enabled many novel applications such as epidermal electronics and wearable electronics, which cannot be realized through conventional rigid electronics. The low thermal dissipation capacity of the soft polymer substrate of FIEDs demands proper thermal management to reduce the undesired thermal influences. The biointegrated applications of FIEDs pose even more stringent requirements on thermal management due to the sensitive nature of biological tissues to temperature. In this review, we take microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes (μ-ILEDs) as an example of functional components to summarize the recent advances on thermal management of FIEDs including thermal analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and thermal designs of FIEDs with and without biological tissues. These results are very helpful to understand the underlying heat transfer mechanism and provide design guidelines to optimize FIEDs in practical applications.
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5
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Liang W, Liu L, Zhang H, Wang Y, Li WJ. Optoelectrokinetics-based microfluidic platform for bioapplications: A review of recent advances. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2019; 13:051502. [PMID: 31558919 PMCID: PMC6748859 DOI: 10.1063/1.5116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of optoelectrokinetics (OEK) into lab-on-a-chip systems has facilitated a new cutting-edge technique-the OEK-based micro/nanoscale manipulation, separation, and assembly processes-for the microfluidics community. This technique offers a variety of extraordinary advantages such as programmability, flexibility, high biocompatibility, low-cost mass production, ultralow optical power requirement, reconfigurability, rapidness, and ease of integration with other microfluidic units. This paper reviews the physical mechanisms that govern the manipulation of micro/nano-objects in microfluidic environments as well as applications related to OEK-based micro/nanoscale manipulation-applications that span from single-cell manipulation to single-molecular behavior determination. This paper wraps up with a discussion of the current challenges and future prospects for the OEK-based microfluidics technique. The conclusion is that this technique will allow more opportunities for biomedical and bioengineering researchers to improve lab-on-a-chip technologies and will have far-reaching implications for biorelated researches and applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | | | - Wen Jung Li
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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6
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Zhang S, Shakiba N, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Tian P, Singh J, Chamberlain MD, Satkauskas M, Flood AG, Kherani NP, Yu S, Zandstra PW, Wheeler AR. Patterned Optoelectronic Tweezers: A New Scheme for Selecting, Moving, and Storing Dielectric Particles and Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803342. [PMID: 30307718 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical micromanipulation has become popular for a wide range of applications. In this work, a new type of optical micromanipulation platform, patterned optoelectronic tweezers (p-OET), is introduced. In p-OET devices, the photoconductive layer (that is continuous in a conventional OET device) is patterned, forming regions in which the electrode layer is locally exposed. It is demonstrated that micropatterns in the photoconductive layer are useful for repelling unwanted particles/cells, and also for keeping selected particles/cells in place after turning off the light source, minimizing light-induced heating. To clarify the physical mechanism behind these effects, systematic simulations are carried out, which indicate the existence of strong nonuniform electric fields at the boundary of micropatterns. The simulations are consistent with experimental observations, which are explored for a wide variety of geometries and conditions. It is proposed that the new technique may be useful for myriad applications in the rapidly growing area of optical micromanipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuailong Zhang
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Nika Shakiba
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Pengfei Tian
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jastaranpreet Singh
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - M Dean Chamberlain
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Monika Satkauskas
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew G Flood
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nazir P Kherani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Photonics Group, Merchant Venturers School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81UB, UK
| | - Peter W Zandstra
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Medicine by Design, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
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7
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Wang F, Liu L, Li G, Li P, Wen Y, Zhang G, Wang Y, Lee GB, Li WJ. Thermometry of photosensitive and optically induced electrokinetics chips. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2018; 4:26. [PMID: 31057914 PMCID: PMC6220187 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Optically induced electrokinetics (OEK)-based technologies, which integrate the high-resolution dynamic addressability of optical tweezers and the high-throughput capability of electrokinetic forces, have been widely used to manipulate, assemble, and separate biological and non-biological entities in parallel on scales ranging from micrometers to nanometers. However, simultaneously introducing optical and electrical energy into an OEK chip may induce a problematic temperature increase, which poses the potential risk of exceeding physiological conditions and thus inducing variations in cell behavior or activity or even irreversible cell damage during bio-manipulation. Here, we systematically measure the temperature distribution and changes in an OEK chip arising from the projected images and applied alternating current (AC) voltage using an infrared camera. We have found that the average temperature of a projected area is influenced by the light color, total illumination area, ratio of lighted regions to the total controlled areas, and amplitude of the AC voltage. As an example, optically induced thermocapillary flow is triggered by the light image-induced temperature gradient on a photosensitive substrate to realize fluidic hydrogel patterning. Our studies show that the projected light pattern needs to be properly designed to satisfy specific application requirements, especially for applications related to cell manipulation and assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Gongxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Process Control for Light Industry of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Automation, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Yangdong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | | | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 30013 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen Jung Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, 518057 Shenzhen, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, , City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong China
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8
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9
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Liu N, Wang F, Liu L, Yu H, Xie S, Wang J, Wang Y, Lee GB, Li WJ. Rapidly patterning micro/nano devices by directly assembling ions and nanomaterials. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32106. [PMID: 27561917 PMCID: PMC4999812 DOI: 10.1038/srep32106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and assembly of components are key steps in micro/nano device manufacturing. In this article, we report an optically controlled assembly method that can rapidly pattern micro/nano devices by directly assembling ions and nanomaterials without expensive physical masks and complex etching processes. Utilizing this controllable process, different types of device components (e.g., metallic and semiconductor) can be fabricated and assembled in 10–30 seconds, which is far more rapid and cost-effective than any other micro/nano fabrication method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China.,School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China
| | - Shaorong Xie
- School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China.,Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Wen J Li
- State Key Lab of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 10016, China.,Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
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10
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Liang W, Zhang K, Yang X, Liu L, Yu H, Zhang W. Distinctive translational and self-rotational motion of lymphoma cells in an optically induced non-rotational alternating current electric field. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014121. [PMID: 25759754 PMCID: PMC4336248 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the translational motion and self-rotational behaviors of the Raji cells, a type of B-cell lymphoma cell, in an optically induced, non-rotational, electric field have been characterized by utilizing a digitally programmable and optically activated microfluidics chip with the assistance of an externally applied AC bias potential. The crossover frequency spectrum of the Raji cells was studied by observing the different linear translation responses of these cells to the positive and negative optically induced dielectrophoresis force generated by a projected light pattern. This digitally projected spot served as the virtual electrode to generate an axisymmetric and non-uniform electric field. Then, the membrane capacitance of the Raji cells could be directly measured. Furthermore, Raji cells under this condition also exhibited a self-rotation behavior. The repeatable and controlled self-rotation speeds of the Raji cells to the externally applied frequency and voltage were systematically investigated and characterized via computer-vision algorithms. The self-rotational speed of the Raji cells reached a maximum value at 60 kHz and demonstrated a quadratic relationship with respect to the applied voltage. Furthermore, optically projected patterns of four orthogonal electrodes were also employed as the virtual electrodes to manipulate the Raji cells. These results demonstrated that Raji cells located at the center of the four electrode pattern could not be self-rotated. Instead any Raji cells that deviated from this center area would also self-rotate. Most importantly, the Raji cells did not exhibit the self-rotational behavior after translating and rotating with respect to the center of any two adjacent electrodes. The spatial distributions of the electric field generated by the optically projected spot and the pattern of four electrodes were also modeled using a finite element numerical simulation. These simulations validated that the electric field distributions were non-uniform and non-rotational. Hence, the non-uniform electric field must play a key role in the self-rotation of the Raji cells. As a whole, this study elucidates an optoelectric-coupled microfluidics-based mechanism for cellular translation and self-rotation that can be used to extract the dielectric properties of the cells without using conventional metal-based microelectrodes. This technique may provide a simpler method for label-free identification of cancerous cells with many associated clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University , Shenyang, China
| | - Xieliu Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University , Shenyang, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
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11
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Liang W, Zhao Y, Liu L, Wang Y, Dong Z, Li WJ, Lee GB, Xiao X, Zhang W. Rapid and label-free separation of Burkitt's lymphoma cells from red blood cells by optically-induced electrokinetics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90827. [PMID: 24608811 PMCID: PMC3946566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early stage detection of lymphoma cells is invaluable for providing reliable prognosis to patients. However, the purity of lymphoma cells in extracted samples from human patients' marrow is typically low. To address this issue, we report here our work on using optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) force to rapidly purify Raji cells' (a type of Burkitt's lymphoma cell) sample from red blood cells (RBCs) with a label-free process. This method utilizes dynamically moving virtual electrodes to induce negative ODEP force of varying magnitudes on the Raji cells and RBCs in an optically-induced electrokinetics (OEK) chip. Polarization models for the two types of cells that reflect their discriminate electrical properties were established. Then, the cells' differential velocities caused by a specific ODEP force field were obtained by a finite element simulation model, thereby established the theoretical basis that the two types of cells could be separated using an ODEP force field. To ensure that the ODEP force dominated the separation process, a comparison of the ODEP force with other significant electrokinetics forces was conducted using numerical results. Furthermore, the performance of the ODEP-based approach for separating Raji cells from RBCs was experimentally investigated. The results showed that these two types of cells, with different concentration ratios, could be separated rapidly using externally-applied electrical field at a driven frequency of 50 kHz at 20 Vpp. In addition, we have found that in order to facilitate ODEP-based cell separation, Raji cells' adhesion to the OEK chip's substrate should be minimized. This paper also presents our experimental results of finding the appropriate bovine serum albumin concentration in an isotonic solution to reduce cell adhesion, while maintaining suitable medium conductivity for electrokinetics-based cell separation. In short, we have demonstrated that OEK technology could be a promising tool for efficient and effective purification of Raji cells from RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (WJL)
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Zaili Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- * E-mail: (LL); (WJL)
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Xiubin Xiao
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Hung SH, Huang SC, Lee GB. Numerical simulation of optically-induced dielectrophoresis using a voltage-transformation-ratio model. SENSORS 2013; 13:1965-83. [PMID: 23385411 PMCID: PMC3649436 DOI: 10.3390/s130201965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optically-induced dielectrophoresis (ODEP) has been extensively used for the manipulation and separation of cells, beads and micro-droplets in microfluidic devices. With this approach, non-uniform electric fields induced by light projected on a photoconductive layer can be used to generate attractive or repulsive forces on dielectric materials. Then, moving these light patterns can be used for the manipulation of particles in the microfluidic devices. This study reports on the results from numerical simulation of the ODEP platform using a new model based on a voltage transformation ratio, which takes the effective electrical voltage into consideration. Results showed that the numerical simulation was in reasonably agreement with experimental data for the manipulation of polystyrene beads and emulsion droplets, with a coefficient of variation less than 6.2% (n = 3). The proposed model can be applied to simulations of the ODEP force and may provide a reliable tool for estimating induced dielectrophoretic forces and electric fields, which is crucial for microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsun Hung
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Sheng-Chieh Huang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +886-3-571-5131 (ext. 33765); Fax: +886-3-574-2495
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13
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Optical Spectrum and Electric Field Waveform Dependent Optically-Induced Dielectrophoretic (ODEP) Micro-Manipulation. MICROMACHINES 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/mi3020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Lin YH, Yang YW, Chen YD, Wang SS, Chang YH, Wu MH. The application of an optically switched dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force for the manipulation and assembly of cell-encapsulating alginate microbeads in a microfluidic perfusion cell culture system for bottom-up tissue engineering. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1164-73. [PMID: 22322420 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21097e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the utilisation of an optically switched dielectrophoretic (ODEP) force for the manipulation and assembly of cell-encapsulating alginate microbeads in a microfluidic perfusion cell culture system for bottom-up tissue engineering. One of the key features of this system is the ODEP force-based mechanism, which allows a commercial projector to be coupled with a computer to manipulate and assemble cell-encapsulating microbeads in an efficient, manageable, and user-friendly manner. Another distinctive feature is the design of the microfluidic cell culture chip, which allows the patterned cell-encapsulating microbeads to be cultivated on site under culture medium perfusion conditions. For demonstrating its application in bottom-up cartilage tissue engineering, chondrocyte-encapsulating alginate microbeads varying in encapsulated cell densities were generated. The manipulation forces associated with operating the alginate microbeads were experimentally evaluated. The results revealed that the measured manipulation forces increased with increases in both the applied electric voltage and the number of cells in the alginate microbeads. Nevertheless, the observed manipulation force was found to be independent of the size of the cell-free alginate microbeads. It can be speculated that the friction force may influence the estimation of the ODEP force within the experimental conditions investigated. In this study, chondrocyte-encapsulating alginate microbeads with three different cell densities were manipulated and assembled in the proposed microfluidic system to form a compact sheet-like cell culture construct that imitates the cell distribution in the cross-section of native articular cartilage. Moreover, the demonstration case also showed that the cell viability of the cultured cells in the microfluidic system remained as high as 96 ± 2%. In this study, four sheet-like cell culture constructs were stacked to create a larger assembled cell culture construct. The cell distribution inside the cell culture construct was further confirmed by a confocal microscopy observation, which showed that the distribution was similar to that in native articular cartilage. As a whole, the proposed system holds great promise as a platform for engineering tissue constructs with easily tunable inner cell distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Heng Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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15
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Banerjee AG, Chowdhury S, Losert W, Gupta SK. Survey on indirect optical manipulation of cells, nucleic acids, and motor proteins. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:051302. [PMID: 21639562 DOI: 10.1117/1.3579200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezers have emerged as a promising technique for manipulating biological objects. Instead of direct laser exposure, more often than not, optically-trapped beads are attached to the ends or boundaries of the objects for translation, rotation, and stretching. This is referred to as indirect optical manipulation. In this paper, we utilize the concept of robotic gripping to explain the different experimental setups which are commonly used for indirect manipulation of cells, nucleic acids, and motor proteins. We also give an overview of the kind of biological insights provided by this technique. We conclude by highlighting the trends across the experimental studies, and discuss challenges and promising directions in this domain of active current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Gopal Banerjee
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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16
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Abstract
Extraordinary advances in lab on a chip systems have been made on the basis of the development of micro/nanofluidics and its fusion with other technologies based on electrokinetics and optics. Optoelectrofluidic technology, which has been recently introduced as a new manipulation scheme, allows programmable manipulation of particles or fluids in microenvironments based on optically induced electrokinetics. Herein, the behaviour of particles or fluids can be controlled by inducing or perturbing electric fields on demand in an optical manner, which includes photochemical, photoconductive, and photothermal effects. This elegant scheme of the optoelectrofluidic platform has attracted attention in various fields of science and engineering. A lot of research on optoelectrofluidic manipulation technologies has been reported and the field has advanced rapidly, although some technical hurdles still remain. This review describes recent developments and future perspectives of optoelectrofluidic platforms for chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundoo Hwang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Wang W, Lin YH, Guan RS, Wen TC, Guo TF, Lee GB. Bulk-heterojunction polymers in optically-induced dielectrophoretic devices for the manipulation of microparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:17603-13. [PMID: 19907545 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.017603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a decent polymer material for fabricating optically-induced dielectrophoretic (ODEP) devices, which can manipulate microparticles or cells by using moving light patterns. A thin film of a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) polymer, a mixture of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester, is used as a light-activated layer. When illuminated by a projected light beam, the photo-induced charge carriers created by the electron transfer of excitons at a donor/acceptor interface in the BHJ layer, disturbs the uniformly-distributed electric field applied on the ODEP devices. A negative DEP force is then generated by virtual electrodes defined by the optical images from a computer-programmable projector to manipulate microparticles, thus providing a functionalized platform for particle manipulation. The effect of the polymer thickness and composition on the magnitude of the generated DEP force has been extensively investigated. The maximum particle drag velocity and the force applied on 20.0 mum diameter polystyrene beads are measured to be approximately 202.2 mum/s and 38.2 pN, respectively, for a device with a 497.3-nm thick BHJ layer. The lifetime of the developed device is also explored (~5 hours), which is sufficient for applications of disposable ODEP devices. Therefore, the BHJ polymer may provide a promising candidate for future ODEP devices capable of nanoparticle and cell manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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