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Suarez-Ibarrola R, Braun L, Pohlmann PF, Becker W, Bergmann A, Gratzke C, Miernik A, Wilhelm K. Metabolic Imaging of Urothelial Carcinoma by Simultaneous Autofluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLIM) of NAD(P)H and FAD. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2020; 19:e31-e36. [PMID: 32771335 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Suarez-Ibarrola
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Philippe Fabian Pohlmann
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christian Gratzke
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arkadiusz Miernik
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Wilhelm
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Meyer BO, Stella MPJ, Holst B, Nielsen BS, Holmstrøm K, Andersen PE, Marti D. Selecting optimal spectral bands for improved detection of autofluorescent biomarkers in multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-13. [PMID: 32638570 PMCID: PMC7338838 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.7.071206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In multiphoton microscopy, two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) spectra carry valuable information on morphological and functional biological features. For measuring these biomarkers, separation of different parts of the fluorescence spectrum into channels is typically achieved by the use of optical band pass filters. However, spectra from different biomarkers can be unknown or overlapping, creating a crosstalk in between the channels. Previously, establishing these channels relied on prior knowledge or heuristic testing. AIM The presented method aims to provide spectral bands with optimal separation between groups of specimens expressing different biomarkers. APPROACH We have developed a system capable of resolving TPEF with high spectral resolution for the characterization of biomarkers. In addition, an algorithm is created to simulate and optimize optical band pass filters for fluorescence detection channels. To demonstrate the potential improvements in cell and tissue classification using these optimized channels, we recorded spectrally resolved images of cancerous (HT29) and normal epithelial colon cells (FHC), cultivated in 2D layers and in 3D to form spheroids. To provide an example of an application, we relate the results with the widely used redox ratio. RESULTS We show that in the case of two detection channels, our system and algorithm enable the selection of optimized band pass filters without the need of knowing involved fluorophores. An improvement of 31,5% in separating different 2D cell cultures is achieved, compared to using established spectral bands that assume NAD(P)H and FAD as main contributors of autofluorescence. The compromise is a reduced SNR in the images. CONCLUSIONS We show that the presented method has the ability to improve imaging contrast and can be used to tailor a given label-free optical imaging system using optical band pass filters targeting a specific biomarker or application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Ole Meyer
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter E. Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Roskilde, Denmark
- Address all correspondence to Peter E. Andersen, E-mail:
| | - Dominik Marti
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Health Tech, Roskilde, Denmark
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3
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Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ. Molecular Imaging in Oncology: Advanced Microscopy Techniques. Recent Results Cancer Res 2020; 216:533-561. [PMID: 32594398 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies usually require high levels of morphological, functional, and biochemical information at subcellular resolution. This type of information cannot be obtained from clinical imaging techniques, such as MRI, PET/CT, or US. Luckily, many microscopy techniques exist that can offer this information, also for malignant tissues and therapeutic approaches. In this overview, we discuss the various advanced optical microscopy techniques and their applications in oncological research. After a short introduction in Sect. 16.1, we continue in Sect. 16.2 with a discussion on fluorescent labelling strategies, followed in Sect. 16.3 by an in-depth description of confocal, light-sheet, two-photon, and super-resolution microscopy. We end in Sect. 16.4 with a focus on the applications, specifically in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology GROW and School for Cardiovascular Diseases CARIM, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Institut für Molekulare Kreislaufforschung, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Dudenkova VV, Shirmanova MV, Lukina MM, Feldshtein FI, Virkin A, Zagainova EV. Examination of Collagen Structure and State by the Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:S89-S107. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919140062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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5
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Hindelang B, Aguirre J, Schwarz M, Berezhnoi A, Eyerich K, Ntziachristos V, Biedermann T, Darsow U. Non-invasive imaging in dermatology and the unique potential of raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1051-1061. [PMID: 30422337 PMCID: PMC6563473 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several non‐invasive imaging methods have been introduced to facilitate diagnostics and therapy monitoring in dermatology. The microscopic imaging methods are restricted in their penetration depth, while the mesoscopic methods probe deeper but provide only morphological, not functional, information. ‘Raster‐scan optoacoustic mesoscopy’ (RSOM), an emerging new imaging technique, combines deep penetration with contrast based on light absorption, which provides morphological, molecular and functional information. Here, we compare the capabilities and limitations of currently available dermatological imaging methods and highlight the principles and unique abilities of RSOM. We illustrate the clinical potential of RSOM, in particular for non‐invasive diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory and oncological skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hindelang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Aguirre
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoi
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - U Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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6
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Pradère B, Poulon F, Compérat E, Lucas IT, Bazin D, Doizi S, Cussenot O, Traxer O, Abi Haidar D. Two-photon optical imaging, spectral and fluorescence lifetime analysis to discriminate urothelial carcinoma grades. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800065. [PMID: 29806125 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the framework of urologic oncology, mini-invasive procedures have increased in the last few decades particularly for urothelial carcinoma. One of the essential elements in the management of this disease is still the diagnosis, which strongly influences the choice of treatment. The histopathologic evaluation of the tumor grade is a keystone of diagnosis, and tumor characterization is not possible with just a macroscopic evaluation. Even today intraoperative evaluation remains difficult despite the emergence of new technologies which use exogenous fluorophore. This study assessed an optical multimodal technique based on endogenous fluorescence, combining qualitative and quantitative analysis, for the diagnostic of urothelial carcinoma. It was found that the combination of two-photon fluorescence, second harmonic generation microscopy, spectral analysis and fluorescence lifetime imaging were all able to discriminate tumor from healthy tissue, and to determine the grade of tumors. Spectral analysis of fluorescence intensity and the redox ratio used as quantitative evaluations showed statistical differences between low-grade and high-grade tumors. These results showed that multimodal optical analysis is a promising technology for the development of an optical fiber setup designed for an intraoperative diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma in the area of endo-urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pradère
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Poulon
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Eva Compérat
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, HUEP, AP-HP, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ivan T Lucas
- Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, UMR 8235-CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR 8502, Université Paris Sud XI, Orsay, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, UPMC, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Steeve Doizi
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Traxer
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20 LITHIASE RENALE, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Darine Abi Haidar
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France
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7
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Poulon F, Pallud J, Varlet P, Zanello M, Chretien F, Dezamis E, Abi-Lahoud G, Nataf F, Turak B, Devaux B, Abi Haidar D. Real-time Brain Tumor imaging with endogenous fluorophores: a diagnosis proof-of-concept study on fresh human samples. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14888. [PMID: 30291269 PMCID: PMC6173695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary line of therapy for high-grade brain tumor is surgical resection, however, identifying tumor margins in vivo remains a major challenge. Despite the progress in computer-assisted imaging techniques, biopsy analysis remains the standard diagnostic tool when it comes to delineating tumor margins. Our group aims to answer this challenge by exploiting optical imaging of endogenous fluorescence in order to provide a reliable and reproducible diagnosis close to neuropathology. In this study, we first establish the ability of two-photon microscopy (TPM) to discriminate normal brain tissue from glioblastomas and brain metastasis using the endogenous fluorescence response of fresh human brain sample. Two-photon fluorescence images were compared to gold standard neuropathology. "Blind" diagnosis realized by a neuropathologist on a group of TPM images show a good sensitivity, 100%, and specificity, 50% to discriminate non tumoral brain tissue versus glioblastoma or brain metastasis. Quantitative analysis on spectral and fluorescence lifetime measurements resulted in building a scoring system to discriminate brain tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Poulon
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay university, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marc Zanello
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay university, 91405, Orsay, France.,Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chretien
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Dezamis
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Georges Abi-Lahoud
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - François Nataf
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Baris Turak
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Devaux
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Darine Abi Haidar
- IMNC Laboratory, UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay university, 91405, Orsay, France. .,Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France.
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8
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Springer S, Zieger M, Hipler UC, König K, Lademann J, Kaatz M, Koehler MJ. Non‐invasive evaluation of human mucosal structures by multiphoton laser scanning tomography in vitro. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:445-449. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Springer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
| | - M. Zieger
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
- Department of DermatologySRH Wald‐Klinikum Gera GmbH Gera GmbH Germany
| | - U. C. Hipler
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
| | | | - J. Lademann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and AllergologyCenter of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP)Charité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - M. Kaatz
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
- Department of DermatologySRH Wald‐Klinikum Gera GmbH Gera GmbH Germany
| | - M. J. Koehler
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Jena Jena Germany
- Department of DermatologySRH Zentralklinikum Suhl Suhl Germany
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9
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Poulon F, Mehidine H, Juchaux M, Varlet P, Devaux B, Pallud J, Abi Haidar D. Optical properties, spectral, and lifetime measurements of central nervous system tumors in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13995. [PMID: 29070870 PMCID: PMC5656602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A key challenge of central nervous system tumor surgery is to discriminate between brain regions infiltrated by tumor cells and surrounding healthy tissue. Although monitoring of autofluorescence could potentially be an efficient way to provide reliable information for these regions, we found little information on this subject, and thus we conducted studies of brain tissue optical properties. This particular study focuses on the different optical quantitative responses of human central nervous system tumors and their corresponding controls. Measurements were performed on different fixed human tumoral and healthy brain samples. Four groups of central nervous system tumors (glioblastoma, diffuse glioma, meningioma and metastasis) were discriminated from healthy brain and meninx control tissues. A threshold value was found for the scattering and absorption coefficient between tumoral and healthy groups. Emission Spectra of healthy tissue had a significant higher intensity than tumoral groups. The redox and optical index ratio were thenn calculated and these also showed significant discrimination. Two fluorescent molecules, NADH and porphyrins, showed distinct lifetim values among the different groups of samples. This study defines several optical indexes that can act as combinated indicators to discriminate healthy from tumoral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Poulon
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - H Mehidine
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - M Juchaux
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France
| | - P Varlet
- Neuropathology Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, 75014, France
- IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - B Devaux
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descates University, Paris, France
| | - J Pallud
- IMA BRAIN, INSERMU894, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Paris, France
- Neurosurgery Department, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 75014, Paris, France
- Paris Descates University, Paris, France
| | - D Abi Haidar
- IMNC Laboratory UMR 8165-CNRS/IN2P3, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, 91405, France.
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75013, Paris, France.
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10
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Saito Nogueira M, Cosci A, Teixeira Rosa RG, Salvio AG, Pratavieira S, Kurachi C. Portable fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy system for in-situ interrogation of biological tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-10. [PMID: 29052374 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy and lifetime techniques are potential methods for optical diagnosis and characterization of biological tissues with an in-situ, fast, and noninvasive interrogation. Several diseases may be diagnosed due to differences in the fluorescence spectra of targeted fluorophores, when, these spectra are similar, considering steady-state fluorescence, others may be detected by monitoring their fluorescence lifetime. Despite this complementarity, most of the current fluorescence lifetime systems are not robust and portable, and not being feasible for clinical applications. We describe the assembly of a fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy system in a suitcase, its characterization, and validation with clinical measurements of skin lesions. The assembled system is all encased and robust, maintaining its mechanical, electrical, and optical stability during transportation, and is feasible for clinical measurements. The instrument response function measured was about 300 ps, and the system is properly calibrated. At the clinical study, the system showed to be reliable, and the achieved spectroscopy results support its potential use as an auxiliary tool for skin diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Cosci
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Xu HN, Tchou J, Feng M, Zhao H, Li LZ. Optical redox imaging indices discriminate human breast cancer from normal tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:114003. [PMID: 27896360 PMCID: PMC5136669 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our long-term goal was to investigate the potential of incorporating redox imaging technique as a breast cancer (BC) diagnosis component to increase the positive predictive value of suspicious imaging finding and to reduce unnecessary biopsies and overdiagnosis. We previously found that precancer and cancer tissues in animal models displayed abnormal mitochondrial redox state. We also revealed abnormal mitochondrial redox state in cancerous specimens from three BC patients. Here, we extend our study to include biopsies of 16 patients. Tissue aliquots were collected from both apparently normal and cancerous tissues from the affected cancer-bearing breasts shortly after surgical resection. All specimens were snap-frozen and scanned with the Chance redox scanner, i.e., the three-dimensional cryogenic NADH/Fp (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/oxidized flavoproteins) fluorescence imager. We found both Fp and NADH in the cancerous tissues roughly tripled that in the normal tissues ( p < 0.05 ). The redox ratio Fp/(NADH + Fp) was ? 27 % higher in the cancerous tissues ( p < 0.05 ). Additionally, Fp, or NADH, or the redox ratio alone could predict cancer with reasonable sensitivity and specificity. Our findings suggest that the optical redox imaging technique can provide parameters independent of clinical factors for discriminating cancer from noncancer breast tissues in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- He N. Xu
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, R171 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Julia Tchou
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, West Pavilion 3rd Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Rena Rowan Breast Center, West Pavilion, 3rd Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Min Feng
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, R171 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Temple University, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Kresge Room 218, 3440 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States
| | - Lin Z. Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Laboratory, B6 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, R171 John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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12
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Di Stasi SM, De Carlo F, Pagliarulo V, Masedu F, Verri C, Celestino F, Riedl C. Hexaminolevulinate hydrochloride in the detection of nonmuscle invasive cancer of the bladder. Ther Adv Urol 2015; 7:339-50. [PMID: 26622319 DOI: 10.1177/1756287215603274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown that hexaminolevulinate (HAL) fluorescence cystoscopy improves the detection of bladder tumors compared with standard white-light cystoscopy, resulting in more efficacious treatment. However, some recent meta-analyses report controversially on recurrence-free rates with this procedure. A systematic review of literature was performed from December 2014 to January 2015 using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases for controlled trials on photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with HAL. A total of 154 publications were found up to January 2015. Three of the authors separately reviewed the records to evaluate eligibility and methodological quality of clinical trials. A total of 16 publications were considered eligible for analysis. HAL-PDD-guided cystoscopy increased overall tumor detection rate (proportion difference 19%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.152-0.236) although the benefit was particularly significant in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesion (proportion difference 15.7%, 95% CI 0.069-0.245) and was reduced in papillary lesions (Ta proportion difference 5.9%, 95% CI 0.014-0.103 and T1 proportion difference 1.2%, 95% CI 0.033-0.057). Moreover, there were 15% of patients (95% CI 0.098-0.211) with at least one additional tumor seen with PDD. With regard to recurrence rates, the data sample was insufficient for a statistical analysis, although the evaluation of raw data showed a trend in favor of HAL-PDD. This meta-analysis confirms the increased tumor detection rate by HAL-PDD with a most pronounced benefit for CIS lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savino M Di Stasi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco De Carlo
- Department of Experimental, Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pagliarulo
- Department of Emergency and Organs Transplantation, 'Aldo Moro' University, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Masedu
- Department of Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Cristian Verri
- Department of Experimental, Medicine and Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claus Riedl
- Department of Urology, Landesklinikum Baden-Mödling, Baden, Austria
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13
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Jain M, Robinson BD, Shevchuk MM, Aggarwal A, Salamoon B, Dubin JM, Scherr DS, Mukherjee S. Multiphoton microscopy: a potential intraoperative tool for the detection of carcinoma in situ in human bladder. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:796-804. [PMID: 26030249 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0076-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a precursor of invasive bladder cancer, which if left untreated, will likely progress to more aggressive disease. Approximately 50% of CIS lesions are missed on routine cystoscopy owing to their flat architecture. Furthermore, many benign but abnormal-appearing areas may be biopsied owing to lack of cellular resolution of cystoscopes. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an optical imaging technique that generates subcellular-resolution three-dimensional images from unfixed tissue without using exogenous dyes. OBJECTIVE To assess the diagnostic potential of MPM in identifying and differentiating benign from malignant flat bladder lesions, especially CIS. DESIGN Seventy-eight specimens (benign = 46, CIS = 23, invasive = 9, as diagnosed on histopathology) were obtained from flat bladder mucosa via transurethral resection of bladder, cold cup biopsy, or cystectomy, imaged fresh with a commercial benchtop MPM, and submitted for routine histopathology. Multiphoton microscopy and hematoxylin-eosin diagnoses were compared. RESULTS In 77 of 78 specimens (99%), accurate MPM diagnoses (benign/malignant) were given on the basis of their architectural and cytologic features (nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, pleomorphism, polarity/organization of urothelial layers, etc). The sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 100%, respectively, with positive (malignant) and negative (benign) predictive values of 100% and 98%, respectively. The interobserver agreement, κ, was 0.93. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the capability of MPM to identify and differentiate benign from malignant flat bladder lesions, especially CIS. With the advent of MPM endoscopes, we foresee their potential as a biopsy guidance tool for early detection and treatment of CIS, thus reducing the rate of biopsies with benign diagnoses and their associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Jain
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Drs Jain, Robinson, and Shevchuk), Urology (Drs Jain, Robinson, and Scherr and Mr Dubin), and Biochemistry (Drs Aggarwal and Mukherjee and Mr Salamoon), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. Dr Aggarwal is now at the Department of Science, Borough of Manhattan Community College, New York, New York. Mr Dubin is now a medical student at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Truong H, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. In vivo nonlinear optical imaging to monitor early microscopic changes in a murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:668-680. [PMID: 25319484 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can enable timely therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients. In this study, in vivo nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), was used to non-invasively detect microscopic changes occurring in murine skin treated topically with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The optical microscopic findings and the measured TPEF-SHG index show that NLOI was able to clearly detect early cytostructural changes in DMBA treated skin that appeared clinically normal. This suggests that in vivo NLOI could be a non-invasive tool to monitor early signs of cSCC. In vivo axial NLOI scans of normal murine skin (upper left), murine skin with preclinical hyperplasia (upper right), early clinical murine skin lesion (lower left) and late or advanced murine skin lesion (lower right).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hoa Truong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Visualization of biological processes and pathologic conditions at the cellular and tissue levels largely relies on the use of fluorescence intensity signals from fluorophores or their bioconjugates. To overcome the concentration dependency of intensity measurements, evaluate subtle molecular interactions, and determine biochemical status of intracellular or extracellular microenvironments, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging has emerged as a reliable imaging method complementary to intensity measurements. Driven by a wide variety of dyes exhibiting stable or environment-responsive FLTs, information multiplexing can be readily accomplished without the need for ratiometric spectral imaging. With knowledge of the fluorescent states of the molecules, it is entirely possible to predict the functional status of biomolecules or microevironment of cells. Whereas the use of FLT spectroscopy and microscopy in biological studies is now well-established, in vivo imaging of biological processes based on FLT imaging techniques is still evolving. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of the FLT of molecular probes for imaging cells and small animal models of human diseases. It also highlights some challenges that continue to limit the full realization of the potential of using FLT molecular probes to address diverse biological problems and outlines areas of potential high impact in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Dolonchampa Maji
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4525 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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16
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Layer-resolved colorectal tissues using nonlinear microscopy. Lasers Med Sci 2015; 30:1589-97. [PMID: 26003427 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-015-1767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on the nonlinear optical processes two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), was extended to evaluate the feasibility of using MPM to distinguish layers of the bowel wall. It was found that MPM has the ability to identify the four-layer microstructures of colorectal tissues including mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa as there are many intrinsic signal sources in each layer. Our results also showed the capability of using the quantitative analyses of MPM images for quantifying some feature parameters including the nuclear area, nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, and optical redox ratio. This work demonstrates that MPM has the potential in noninvasively monitoring the development and progression of colorectal diseases and then guiding effective treatment.
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NIE Y, WU Y, FU F, LIAN Y, ZHUO S, WANG C, CHEN J. Differentiating the two main histologic categories of fibroadenoma tissue from normal breast tissue by using multiphoton microscopy. J Microsc 2015; 258:79-85. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.T. NIE
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Y. WU
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
- School of Science; Jimei University; Xiamen 361021 China
| | - F.M. FU
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou 350001 China
| | - Y.E. LIAN
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Union Hospital; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou 350001 China
| | - S.M. ZHUO
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - C. WANG
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Union Hospital; Fujian Medical University; Fuzhou 350001 China
| | - J.X. CHEN
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Truong H, Song JY, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. In vivo nonlinear spectral imaging as a tool to monitor early spectroscopic and metabolic changes in a murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4281-99. [PMID: 25574438 PMCID: PMC4285605 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with non-invasive modalities like nonlinear spectral imaging (NLSI) can ensure efficient preventive or therapeutic measures for patients. In this study, in vivo NLSI was used to study spectral characteristics in murine skin treated with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The results show that NLSI could detect emission spectral changes during the early preclinical stages of skin carcinogenesis. Analyzing these emission spectra using simulated band-pass filters at 450-460 nm and 525-535 nm, gave parameters that were expressed as a ratio. This ratio was increased and thus suggestive of elevated metabolic activity in early stages of skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Hoa Truong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
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20
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Cicchi R, Kapsokalyvas D, Troiano M, Campolmi P, Morini C, Massi D, Cannarozzo G, Lotti T, Pavone FS. In vivo non-invasive monitoring of collagen remodelling by two-photon microscopy after micro-ablative fractional laser resurfacing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:914-925. [PMID: 24339127 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-linear optical microscopy is becoming popular as a non-invasive in vivo imaging modality in dermatology. In this study, combined TPF and SHG microscopy were used to monitor collagen remodelling in vivo after micro-ablative fractional laser resurfacing. Papillary dermis of living subjects, covering a wide age range, was imaged immediately before and forty days after treatment. A qualitative visual examination of acquired images demonstrated an age-dependent remodelling effect on collagen. Additional quantitative analysis of new collagen production was performed by means of two image analysis methods. A higher increase in SHG to TPF ratio, corresponding to a stronger treatment effectiveness, was found in older subjects, whereas the effect was found to be negligible in young, and minimal in middle age subjects. Analysis of collagen images also showed a dependence of the treatment effectiveness with age but with controversial results. While the diagnostic potential of in vivo multiphoton microscopy has already been demonstrated for skin cancer and other skin diseases, here we first successfully explore its potential use for a non-invasive follow-up of a laser-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council INO-CNR, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. Advances and challenges in label-free nonlinear optical imaging using two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation for cancer research. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 141:128-38. [PMID: 25463660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) has emerged to be a promising tool for bio-medical imaging in recent times. Among the various applications of NLOI, its utility is the most significant in the field of pre-clinical and clinical cancer research. This review begins by briefly covering the core principles involved in NLOI, such as two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG). Subsequently, there is a short description on the various cellular components that contribute to endogenous optical fluorescence. Later on the review deals with its main theme--the challenges faced during label-free NLO imaging in translational cancer research. While this review addresses the accomplishment of various label-free NLOI based studies in cancer diagnostics, it also touches upon the limitations of the mentioned studies. In addition, areas in cancer research that need to be further investigated by label-free NLOI are discussed in a latter segment. The review eventually concludes on the note that label-free NLOI has and will continue to contribute richly in translational cancer research, to eventually provide a very reliable, yet minimally invasive cancer diagnostic tool for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Clinical nonlinear laser imaging of human skin: a review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:903589. [PMID: 25250337 PMCID: PMC4163368 DOI: 10.1155/2014/903589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy has the potential of being used in vivo as a noninvasive imaging modality for both epidermal and dermal imaging. This paper reviews the capabilities of nonlinear microscopy as a noninvasive high-resolution tool for clinical skin inspection. In particular, we show that two-photon fluorescence microscopy can be used as a diagnostic tool for characterizing epidermal layers by means of a morphological examination. Additional functional information on the metabolic state of cells can be provided by measuring the fluorescence decay of NADH. This approach allows differentiating epidermal layers having different structural and cytological features and has the potential of diagnosing pathologies in a very early stage. Regarding therapy follow-up, we demonstrate that nonlinear microscopy could be successfully used for monitoring the effect of a treatment. In particular, combined two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation microscopy were used in vivo for monitoring collagen remodeling after microablative fractional laser resurfacing and for quantitatively monitoring psoriasis on the basis of the morphology of epidermal cells and dermal papillae. We believe that the described microscopic modalities could find in the near future a stable place in a clinical dermatological setting for quantitative diagnostic purposes and as a monitoring method for various treatments.
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23
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Lerner SP, Goh A. Novel endoscopic diagnosis for bladder cancer. Cancer 2014; 121:169-78. [PMID: 25132313 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advances in endoscopic imaging technology may improve sensitivity for the detection of bladder cancer and provide a more complete understanding of the urothelial landscape, and it also may lead to improved short-term and long-term cancer control. Fluorescence cystoscopy requires intravesical administration of a photosensitizing agent (5-aminolevulinic acid or hexaminolevulinate), and imaging with a blue-light endoscopy system demonstrably improves the detection of papillary and flat bladder lesions compared with conventional white-light cystoscopy. Prospective phase 3 clinical trials have demonstrated improved diagnostic ability, enhanced tumor resection, and a small but significant reduction in recurrence-free survival. Optical coherence tomography delineates subsurface microarchitecture information about bladder lesions in real time and has the ability to discriminate between noninvasive and invasive cancers. Narrow-band imaging may augment white-light cystoscopy by providing increased contrast between normal and abnormal tissue on the basis of neovascularity. Confocal laser endoscopy has been applied to the urinary tract using thinner probes adapted from use in gastrointestinal malignancies and provides exquisite images at microscopic resolution. More technology is on the horizon that may further enhance our ability to detect and accurately stage bladder tumors and distinguish benign from malignant or dysplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth P Lerner
- Baylor College of Medicine, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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24
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Zhuo S, Chen J. Stromal alterations as quantitative optical biomarkers of epithelial tumor progression. SCANNING 2014; 36:279-285. [PMID: 24347227 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroma plays an important role during epithelial tumor progression. Probing stroma alteration may become an intrinsic indicator for evaluating epithelial tumor progression. In this review, we summarize our recent works on stromal alterations as quantitative optical biomarkers of epithelial tumor progression by use of nonlinear optical microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmu Zhuo
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
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Schueth A, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Buurman WA, van Koeveringe GA. Murine bladder imaging by 2-photon microscopy: an experimental study of morphology. J Urol 2014; 192:973-80. [PMID: 24704014 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We developed 2-photon laser scanning microscopy analysis of the native murine bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bladder tissue from wild-type mice was imaged by 2-photon laser scanning microscopy autofluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy. Bladder wall layers and structures were analyzed using differences in color, size, shape and morphology. RESULTS Autofluorescence of the urothelium, nerve structures and muscles was visible in the green spectral channel due to autofluorochromes such as NAD(P)H and elastin. Second harmonic generation of collagen was seen in the blue spectral channel. Imaging from the mucosal side revealed umbrella cells at 0 and 30 μm, of which the high cellular NAD(P)H content allows autofluorescence detection. Below that a network-like connective tissue layer was visualized up to 50 μm that contained vessels with a diameter of 10 to 40 μm and nerves with a diameter of 1 to 6 μm. Imaging from the adventitial side revealed a radiant collagen layer covered with nerves and macrophages at 0 to 20 μm. Below at 20 to 25 μm we visualized a thick muscle layer containing elastic fibers and macrophages. Findings were also represented in 3-dimensional reconstructions, providing information on structure localization, orientation and interconnection. CONCLUSIONS Two-photon laser scanning microscopy imaging using autofluorescence of the murine bladder is a promising technique to provide new insight into structures and morphology. It opens avenues to identify structural changes in bladder pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schueth
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology-Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim A Buurman
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gommert A van Koeveringe
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cicchi R, Sturiale A, Nesi G, Kapsokalyvas D, Alemanno G, Tonelli F, Pavone FS. Multiphoton morpho-functional imaging of healthy colon mucosa, adenomatous polyp and adenocarcinoma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:1204-13. [PMID: 23847743 PMCID: PMC3704099 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon spectral resolved imaging was used to image fresh human biopsies of colon tissue and to characterize healthy colon mucosa, adenomatous polyp and adenocarcinoma by means of a morpho-functional analysis. Morphological examination, performed using endogenous tissue fluorescence, discriminated adenomatous and adenocarcinoma tissues from normal mucosa in terms of cellular asymmetry and nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio. Good agreement was found between multiphoton images and histological examination performed on the same samples. Further characterization, performed by means of spectral-resolved analysis of NADH and FAD fluorescence, demonstrated an altered metabolic activity in both adenomatous and adenocarcinoma tissues compared to healthy mucosa. This morpho-functional approach may represent a powerful method to be used in combination with endoscopy for in vivo optical diagnosis of colon cancer and may be extended to other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Largo E. Fermi 6, Florence, I-50125, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sturiale
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Surgical Unit, University of Florence, Florence, I-50100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Nesi
- Division of Human Pathology and Oncology, Department of Surgical and Medical Critical Care, University of Florence, Florence, I-50100, Italy
| | - Dimitrios Kapsokalyvas
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Italy
| | - Giovanni Alemanno
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Surgical Unit, University of Florence, Florence, I-50100, Italy
| | - Francesco Tonelli
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, Surgical Unit, University of Florence, Florence, I-50100, Italy
| | - Francesco S. Pavone
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council (INO-CNR), Largo E. Fermi 6, Florence, I-50125, Italy
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Via N. Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Florence, Via Giovanni Sansone 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Thermal transitions of fibrillar collagen unveiled by second-harmonic generation microscopy of corneal stroma. Biophys J 2013; 103:1179-87. [PMID: 22995490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal transitions of fibrillar collagen are investigated with second-harmonic generation polarization anisotropy microscopy. Second-harmonic generation images and polarization anisotropy profiles of corneal stroma heated in the 35-80°C range are analyzed by means of a theoretical model that is suitable to probe principal intramolecular and interfibrillar parameters of immediate physiological interest. Our results depict the tissue modification with temperature as the interplay of three destructuration stages at different hierarchical levels of collagen assembly including its tertiary structure and interfibrillar alignment, thus supporting and extending previous findings. This method holds the promise of a quantitative inspection of fundamental biophysical and biochemical processes and may find future applications in real-time and postsurgical functional imaging of collagen-rich tissues subjected to thermal treatments.
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Cicchi R, Vogler N, Kapsokalyvas D, Dietzek B, Popp J, Pavone FS. From molecular structure to tissue architecture: collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:129-42. [PMID: 22791562 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a fantastic tool for imaging collagen and probing its hierarchical organization from molecular scale up to tissue architectural level. In fact, SHG combines the advantages of a non-linear microscopy approach with a coherent modality able to probe molecular organization. In this manuscript we review the physical concepts describing SHG from collagen, highlighting how this optical process allows to probe structures ranging from molecular sizes to tissue architecture, through image pattern analysis and scoring methods. Starting from the description of the most relevant approaches employing SHG polarization anisotropy and forward - backward SHG detection, we then focus on the most relevant methods for imaging and characterizing collagen organization in tissues through image pattern analysis methods, highlighting advantages and limitations of the methods applied to tissue imaging and to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Jeong HJ, Ahn JW, Do D, Gweon DG. Spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope using tunable bandpass filters. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:093705. [PMID: 23020381 DOI: 10.1063/1.4751852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A simple structure of spectral fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (SLIM) is designed with the use of tunable bandpass filter, a kind of Fabry-perot filter that transmission wavelength is varying according to incident angle of light. Feasibility tests of this angle-tuned bandpass filter (ATBF) are performed and it shows high transmission and constant spectral bandwidth (20 nm) with respect to angle of incidence. Furthermore, using two ATBFs in series, spectral bandwidth can be adjustable down to 4 nm. In this paper, dual ATBFs are implemented to the detection part of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope (FLIM) system so that we obtained spectrally resolved FLIM images. We compare these SLIM images with an original FLIM image and confirm that the former case provides high accuracy to analyze lifetime distribution as well as high contrast of images. The proposed SLIM microscope with good wavelength selectivity has many opportunities to utilize to other applications such as FLIM-Föster resonant energy transfer and autofluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Jun Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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Alali S, Aitken KJ, Schröder A, Bagli DJ, Alex Vitkin I. Optical assessment of tissue anisotropy in ex vivo distended rat bladders. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:086010. [PMID: 23224197 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.086010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Microstructural remodelling in epithelial layers of various hollow organs, including changes in tissue anisotropy, are known to occur under mechanical distension and during disease processes. In this paper, we analyze how bladder distension alters wall anisotropy using polarized light imaging (followed by Mueller matrix decomposition). Optical retardance values of different regions of normal rat bladders under different distension pressures are derived. Then optical coherence tomography is used to measure local bladder wall thicknesses, enabling the calculation of the tissue birefringence maps as a measure of the tissue anisotropy. Selected two-photon microscopy is also performed to better understand the compositional origins of the obtained anisotropy results. The dome region of the bladder shows maximum birefringence when the bladder is distended to high pressures, whereas the ventral remains roughly isotropic during distension. In addition, the average anisotropy direction is longitudinal, along the urethra to dome. The derived wall anisotropy trends are based on birefringence as an intrinsic property of the tissue organization independent of its thickness, to aid in understanding the structure-functions relation in healthy bladders. These new insights into the wall microstructure of ex vivo distending bladders may help improve the functionality of the artificially engineered bladder tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Alali
- University of Toronto, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Ontario Cancer Institute/University Health Network and Department of Medical Biophysics, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9 Canada.
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Liu JJ, Droller MJ, Liao JC. New optical imaging technologies for bladder cancer: considerations and perspectives. J Urol 2012; 188:361-8. [PMID: 22698620 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.03.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer presents as a spectrum of different diatheses. Accurate assessment for individualized treatment depends on initial diagnostic accuracy. Detection relies on white light cystoscopy accuracy and comprehensiveness. Aside from invasiveness and potential risks, white light cystoscopy shortcomings include difficult flat lesion detection, precise tumor delineation to enable complete resection, inflammation and malignancy differentiation, and grade and stage determination. Each shortcoming depends on surgeon ability and experience with the technology available for visualization and resection. Fluorescence cystoscopy/photodynamic diagnosis, narrow band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography address the limitations and have in vivo feasibility. They detect suspicious lesions (photodynamic diagnosis and narrow band imaging) and further characterize lesions (optical coherence tomography and confocal laser endomicroscopy). We analyzed the added value of each technology beyond white light cystoscopy and evaluated their maturity to alter the cancer course. MATERIALS AND METHODS Detailed PubMed® searches were done using the terms "fluorescence cystoscopy," "photodynamic diagnosis," "narrow band imaging," "optical coherence tomography" and "confocal laser endomicroscopy" with "optical imaging," "bladder cancer" and "urothelial carcinoma." Diagnostic accuracy reports and all prospective studies were selected for analysis. We explored technological principles, preclinical and clinical evidence supporting nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer detection and characterization, and whether improved sensitivity vs specificity translates into improved correlation of diagnostic accuracy with recurrence and progression. Emerging preclinical technologies with potential application were reviewed. RESULTS Photodynamic diagnosis and narrow band imaging improve nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer detection, including carcinoma in situ. Photodynamic diagnosis identifies more papillary lesions than white light cystoscopy, enabling more complete resection and fewer residual tumors. Despite improved treatment current data on photodynamic diagnosis do not support improved high risk diathetic detection and characterization or correlation with disease progression. Prospective recurrence data are lacking on narrow band imaging. Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography potentially grade and stage lesions but data are lacking on diagnostic accuracy. Several emerging preclinical technologies may enhance the diagnostic capability of endoscopic imaging. CONCLUSIONS New optical imaging technologies may improve bladder cancer detection and characterization, and transurethral resection quality. While data on photodynamic diagnosis are strongest, the clinical effectiveness of these technologies is not proven. Prospective studies are needed, particularly of narrow band imaging, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. As each technology matures and new ones emerge, cost-effectiveness analysis must be addressed in the context of the various bladder cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Jane Liu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Vanzi F, Sacconi L, Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Protein conformation and molecular order probed by second-harmonic-generation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:060901. [PMID: 22734730 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.6.060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to image unstained living tissues and probe their molecular and supramolecular organization. In this article, we review the physical basis of SHG, highlighting how coherent summation of second-harmonic response leads to the sensitivity of polarized SHG to the three-dimensional distribution of emitters within the focal volume. Based on the physical description of the process, we examine experimental applications for probing the molecular organization within a tissue and its alterations in response to different biomedically relevant conditions. We also describe the approach for obtaining information on molecular conformation based on SHG polarization anisotropy measurements and its application to the study of myosin conformation in different physiological states of muscle. The capability of coupling the advantages of nonlinear microscopy (micrometer-scale resolution in deep tissue) with tools for probing molecular structure in vivo renders SHG microscopy an extremely powerful tool for the advancement of biomedical optics, with particular regard to novel technologies for molecular diagnostic in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vanzi
- University of Florence, Department of Evolutionary Biology Leo Pardi, Florence, Italy
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Hu W, Zhao G, Wang C, Zhang J, Fu L. Nonlinear optical microscopy for histology of fresh normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37962. [PMID: 22655087 PMCID: PMC3360059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 1-5%. The acceleration of intraoperative histological examination would be beneficial for better management of pancreatic cancer, suggesting an improved survival. Nonlinear optical methods based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) of intrinsic optical biomarkers show the ability to visualize the morphology of fresh tissues associated with histology, which is promising for real-time intraoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to investigate whether the nonlinear optical imaging methods have the ability to characterize pancreatic histology at cellular resolution, we studied different types of pancreatic tissues by using label-free TPEF and SHG. Compared with other routine methods for the preparation of specimens, fresh tissues without processing were found to be most suitable for nonlinear optical imaging of pancreatic tissues. The detailed morphology of the normal rat pancreas was observed and related with the standard histological images. Comparatively speaking, the preliminary images of a small number of chemical-induced pancreatic cancer tissues showed visible neoplastic differences in the morphology of cells and extracellular matrix. The subcutaneous pancreatic tumor xenografts were further observed using the nonlinear optical microscopy, showing that most cells are leucocytes at 5 days after implantation, the tumor cells begin to proliferate at 10 days after implantation, and the extracellular collagen fibers become disordered as the xenografts grow. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In this study, nonlinear optical imaging was used to characterize the morphological details of fresh pancreatic tissues for the first time. We demonstrate that it is possible to provide real-time histological evaluation of pancreatic cancer by the nonlinear optical methods, which present an opportunity for the characterization of the progress of spontaneous pancreatic cancer and further application in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jungang Zhang
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Thompson AJ, Coda S, Sørensen MB, Kennedy G, Patalay R, Waitong-Brämming U, De Beule PAA, Neil MAA, Andersson-Engels S, Bendsøe N, French PMW, Svanberg K, Dunsby C. In vivo measurements of diffuse reflectance and time-resolved autofluorescence emission spectra of basal cell carcinomas. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2012; 5:240-54. [PMID: 22308093 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a clinical investigation of diffuse reflectance and time-resolved autofluorescence spectra of skin cancer with an emphasis on basal cell carcinoma. A total of 25 patients were measured using a compact steady-state diffuse reflectance/fluorescence spectrometer and a fibre-optic-coupled multispectral time-resolved spectrofluorometer. Measurements were performed in vivo prior to surgical excision of the investigated region. Singular value decomposition was used to reduce the dimensionality of steady state diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectra. Linear discriminant analysis was then applied to the measurements of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and used to predict the tissue disease state with a leave-one-out methodology. This approach was able to correctly diagnose 87% of the BCCs. With 445 nm excitation a decrease in the spectrally averaged fluorescence lifetime was observed between normal tissue and BCC lesions with a mean value of 886 ps. Furthermore, the fluorescence lifetime for BCCs was lower than that of the surrounding healthy tissue in all cases and statistical analysis of the data revealed that this decrease was significant (p = 0.002).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Thompson
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, UK.
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Perry SW, Burke RM, Brown EB. Two-photon and second harmonic microscopy in clinical and translational cancer research. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:277-91. [PMID: 22258888 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Application of two-photon microscopy (TPM) to translational and clinical cancer research has burgeoned over the last several years, as several avenues of pre-clinical research have come to fruition. In this review, we focus on two forms of TPM-two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy-as they have been used for investigating cancer pathology in ex vivo and in vivo human tissue. We begin with discussion of two-photon theory and instrumentation particularly as applicable to cancer research, followed by an overview of some of the relevant cancer research literature in areas that include two-photon imaging of human tissue biopsies, human skin in vivo, and the rapidly developing technology of two-photon microendoscopy. We believe these and other evolving two-photon methodologies will continue to help translate cancer research from the bench to the bedside, and ultimately bring minimally invasive methods for cancer diagnosis and treatment to therapeutic reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth W Perry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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Zheng L, Zhuo S, Chen G, Zhu X, Jiang X, Yan J, Chen J, Xie S. Label-free discrimination of normal and fibroadenomal breast tissues using second harmonic generation imaging. SCANNING 2011; 33:208-210. [PMID: 21544832 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of fibroadenoma (FA) is critical for preventing subsequent breast cancer. In this work, we show that label-free second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging is feasible and effective in quantitatively differentiating the fibroadenomal tissue from normal breast tissue. With the advent of the clinical portability of miniature SHG microscopy, we believe that the technique has great potential in offering a noninvasive in vivo imaging tool for early detection of FA and monitoring the treatment responses of FA in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zheng
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Breast cancer: the matrix is the message. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 178:966-8. [PMID: 21356348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Non-linear fluorescence lifetime imaging of biological tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2687-97. [PMID: 21455652 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years fluorescence microscopy has become a widely used tool for tissue imaging and spectroscopy. Optical techniques, based on both linear and non-linear excitation, have been broadly applied to imaging and characterization of biological tissues. Among fluorescence techniques used in tissue imaging applications, in recent years two and three-photon excited fluorescence have gained increased importance because of their high-resolution deep tissue imaging capability inside optically turbid samples. The main limitation of steady-state fluorescence imaging techniques consists in providing only morphological information; functional information is not detectable without technical improvements. A spectroscopic approach, based on lifetime measurement of tissue fluorescence, can provide functional information about tissue conditions, including its environment, red-ox state, and pH, and hence physiological characterization of the tissue under investigation. Measurement of the fluorescence lifetime is a very important issue for characterizing a biological tissue. Deviation of this property from a control value can be taken as an indicator of disorder and/or malignancy in diseased tissues. Even if much work on this topic has still to be done, including the interpretation of fluorescence lifetime data, we believe that this methodology will gain increasing importance in the field of biophotonics. In this paper, we review methodologies, potentials and results obtained by using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for the investigation of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Zhuo S, Yan J, Chen G, Chen J, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhu X, Jiang X, Xie S. Label-free monitoring of colonic cancer progression using multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:615-9. [PMID: 21412466 PMCID: PMC3047366 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Real-time histology or virtual biopsy for the diagnosis of colonic cancer is of great medical significance. In this work, we show that label-free multiphoton imaging is feasible and effective in monitoring colonic cancer progression by providing cellular and subcellular details in fresh, unfixed, unstained colonic specimens. Our results also demonstrate the capability of using tissue quantitative analysis of the redox ratio for quantifying colonic cancer progression. These results suggest that multiphoton microscopy has potential to become an in situ histological tool, which is free from the labeling requirement of conventional methods, for the early diagnosis and detection of malignant lesions in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangmu Zhuo
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Surgery, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Tumor Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xingshan Jiang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shusen Xie
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Im KB, Kang MS, Kim J, Bestvater F, Seghiri Z, Wachsmuth M, Grailhe R. Two-photon spectral imaging with high temporal and spectral resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:26905-26914. [PMID: 21196967 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.026905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a fast spectral imaging system using an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EM-CCD) as a detector. Our system is combined with a custom-built two-photon excitation laser scanning microscope and has 80 detection channels, which allow for high spectral resolution and fast frame acquisition without any loss of spectral information. To demonstrate the efficiency of our approach, we applied this technology to monitor fluorescent proteins and quantum dot-labeled G protein-coupled receptors in living cells as well as autofluorescence in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Bin Im
- Neurodegeneration and Applied Microscopy, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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