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Yüksel S, Ziegler M, Goerke S, Huebner U, Weber K, Schaaf P, Meyer HG, Cialla-May D, Popp J. Hierarchically-Designed 3D Flower-Like Composite Nanostructures as an Ultrastable, Reproducible, and Sensitive SERS Substrate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:38854-38862. [PMID: 29053250 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an attractive tool in the analytical sciences due to its high specificity and sensitivity. Because SERS-active substrates are only available as two-dimensional arrays, the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures allows for an increased number of hot spots in the focus volume, thus further amplifying the SERS signal. Although a great number of fabrication strategies for powerful SERS substrates exist, the generation of 3D nanostructures with high complexity and periodicity is still challenging. For this purpose, we report an easy fabrication technique for 3D nanostructures following a bottom-up preparation protocol. Enzymatically generated silver nanoparticles (EGNPs) are prepared, and the growth of hierarchically-designed 3D flower-like silica-silver composite nanostructures is induced by applying plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) on the EGNPs. The morphology of these nanocomposites can be varied by changes in the PE-ALD cycle number, and a flower height of up to 10 μm is found. Moreover, the metallized (e.g., silver or gold) 3D nanostructures resulting from 135 PE-ALD cycles of silica creation provide highly reproducible SERS signals across the hydrophobic surface. Within this contribution, the morphological studies, optical properties, as well as the SERS response of these metallized silica-silver composite nanostructures applying vitamin B2 as a model analyte are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Yüksel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mario Ziegler
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau , Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Sebastian Goerke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Huebner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Schaaf
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau , Gustav-Kirchhoff-Str. 5, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT) , Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Forschungscampus Jena, Zentrum für Angewandte Forschung , Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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2
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Xu P, Miao P. Fabrication of arrayed triangular micro-cavities for SERS substrates using the force modulated indention process. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28875h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the tip-based continuous indentation process, a novel method for the fabrication of periodic arrayed triangular micro-cavities on copper (Cu) surface is presented as SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongda Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems
- Robotics Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems
- Robotics Institute
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150080
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- P. R. China
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3
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Zhang J, Yan Y, Miao P, Cai J. Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2271-2282. [PMID: 29181284 PMCID: PMC5687003 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the tip-based continuous indentation process, arrays of three-dimensional pyramidal cavities have been successfully machined on a copper template and the structures were successfully transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using a reverse nanoimprinting approach. The structured PDMS surface is coated with a thin Au film, and the final substrate is demonstrated as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as a probe molecule in the present study to confirm the SERS measurements. Arrays of micro/nanostructures of different dimensions were formed by the overlap of pyramidal cavities with different adjacent distances using the tip-based continuous indentation process. The effects of the reverse nanoimprinting process and coating process on the final topography of the structures are studied. The experimental results show that the Raman intensity of the Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is influenced by the topography of the micro/nanostructures and by the thickness of the Au film. The Raman intensity of 1362 cm-1 R6G peak on the structured Au-film-coated PDMS substrate is about 8 times higher than the SERS tests on a commercial substrate (Q-SERS). A SERS enhancement factor ranging from 7.5 × 105 to 6 × 106 was achieved using the structured Au-film-coated PDMS surface, and it was demonstrated that the method proposed in this paper is reliable, replicable, homogeneous and low-cost for the fabrication of SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Robotics Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yongda Yan
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Robotics Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Miao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Jianxiong Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems, Robotics Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, P.R. China
- Center for Precision Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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4
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Schubert I, Sigle W, van Aken PA, Trautmann C, Toimil-Molares ME. STEM-EELS analysis of multipole surface plasmon modes in symmetry-broken AuAg nanowire dimers. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:4935-4941. [PMID: 25690984 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06578f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon coupling in nanowires separated by small gaps generates high field enhancements at the position of the gap and is thus of great interest for sensing applications. It is known that the nanowire dimensions and in particular the symmetry of the structures has strong influence on the plasmonic properties of the dimer structure. Here, we report on multipole surface plasmon coupling in symmetry-broken AuAg nanowire dimers. Our dimers, consisting of two nanowires with different lengths and separated by gaps of only 10 to 30 nm, were synthesized by pulsed electrochemical deposition in ion track-etched polymer templates. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in scanning transmission electron microscopy allows us to resolve up to nine multipole order surface plasmon modes of these dimers spectrally separated from each other. The spectra evidence plasmon coupling between resonances of different multipole order, resulting in the generation of additional plasmonic modes. Since such complex structures require elaborated synthesis techniques, dimer structures with complex composition, morphology and shape are created. We demonstrate that finite element simulations on pure Au dimers can predict the generated resonances in the fabricated structures. The excellent agreement of our experiment on AuAg dimers with finite integration simulations using CST microwave studio manifests great potential to design complex structures for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Schubert
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstr. 1, Darmstadt, Germany.
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5
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Abb M, Wang Y, de Groot CH, Muskens OL. Hotspot-mediated ultrafast nonlinear control of multifrequency plasmonic nanoantennas. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4869. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Steinbrück A, Choi JW, Fasold S, Menzel C, Sergeyev A, Pertsch T, Grange R. Plasmonic heating with near infrared resonance nanodot arrays for multiplexing optofluidic applications. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we show local laser-induced heating in fluids with gold nanodot arrays prepared by electron-beam lithography that cover resonances in the near infrared spectral range from 750 nm to 880 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Steinbrück
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - J.-W. Choi
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) Optics Laboratory
- School of Engineering
- CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S. Fasold
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - C. Menzel
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - A. Sergeyev
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T. Pertsch
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Grange
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Abbe Center of Photonics
- 07745 Jena, Germany
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7
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Xia L, Yang Z, Yin S, Guo W, Li S, Xie W, Huang D, Deng Q, Shi H, Cui H, Du C. Surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate with metallic nanogap array fabricated by etching the assembled polystyrene spheres array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:11349-11355. [PMID: 23669991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.011349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate with metallic nanogap array (MNGA) is fabricated by etching of an assembled polystyrene (PS) spheres array, followed by the coating of a metal film. The substrate is reproducible in fabrication and sensitive due to the nanogap coupling resonance (NGCR) enhancement. The NGCR is analyzed with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, and the relationship between the gap parameter and the field enhancement is obtained. Experimental measurements of R6G on demonstrate that the enhancement factor (EF) of the MNGA SERS substrate is increased by more than two fold compared with the control sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangping Xia
- Chongqing institute of green and intelligent technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 401122, China
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8
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Wu HY, Choi CJ, Cunningham BT. Plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering using a resonant nanodome array. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2012; 8:2878-85. [PMID: 22761112 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of plasmonic nanodome array (PNA) substrates in air and aqueous solution are investigated. PNA substrates are inexpensively and uniformly fabricated with a hot spot density of 6.25 × 10(6) mm(-2) using a large-area nanoreplica moulding technique on a flexible plastic substrate. Both experimental measurement and numerical simulation results show that PNAs exhibit a radiative localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) due to dipolar coupling between neighboring nanodomes and a non-radiative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) resulting from the periodic array structure. The high spatial localization of electromagnetic field within the ∼10 nm nanogap together with the spectral alignment between the LSPR and excited and scattered light results in a reliable and reproducible spatially averaged SERS enhancement factor (EF) of 8.51 × 10(7) for Au-coated PNAs. The SERS enhancement is sufficient for a wide variety of biological and chemical sensing applications, including detection of common metabolites at physiologically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 208 North Wright Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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9
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Abb M, Wang Y, Albella P, de Groot CH, Aizpurua J, Muskens OL. Interference, coupling, and nonlinear control of high-order modes in single asymmetric nanoantennas. ACS NANO 2012; 6:6462-6470. [PMID: 22708624 DOI: 10.1021/nn3021579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically and experimentally the structure of plasmonic modes in individual asymmetric dimer antennas. Plasmonic near-field coupling of high-order modes results in hybridization of bright and dark modes of the individual nanorods, leading to an anticrossing of the coupled resonances. For two bright modes, hybridization results in a capacitive red shift and super-radiant broadening. We show that the properties of asymmetric dimers can be used for nonlinear control of spectral modes and demonstrate such a nonlinear effect by measuring the modulation of a hybrid asymmetric dimer--ITO antenna. With use of full electrodynamical calculations, we find that the properties of the near-field nonlinear responses are distinctly different from the far-field, which opens up new routes for nonlinear control of plasmonic nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Abb
- SEPnet and Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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10
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Höflich K, Becker M, Leuchs G, Christiansen S. Plasmonic dimer antennas for surface enhanced Raman scattering. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:185303. [PMID: 22498764 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/18/185303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) has recently been developed into a method to directly write optically active three-dimensional nanostructures. For this purpose a metal-organic precursor gas (here dimethyl-gold(III)-acetylacetonate) is introduced into the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope where it is cracked by the focused electron beam. Upon cracking the aforementioned precursor gas, 3D deposits are realized, consisting of gold nanocrystals embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. The carbon content in the deposits hinders direct plasmonic applications. However, it is possible to activate the deposited nanostructures for plasmonics by coating the EBID structures with a continuous silver layer of a few nanometers thickness. Within this silver layer collective motions of the free electron gas can be excited. In this way, EBID structures with their intriguing precision at the nanoscale have been arranged in arrays of free-standing dimer antenna structures with nanometer sized gaps between the antennas that face each other with an angle of 90°. These dimer antenna ensembles can constitute a reproducibly manufacturable substrate for exploiting the surface enhanced Raman effect (SERS). The achieved SERS enhancement factors are of the order of 10⁴ for the incident laser light polarized along the dimer axes. To prove the signal enhancement in a Raman experiment we used the dye methyl violet as a robust test molecule. In future applications the thickness of such a silver layer on the dimer antennas can easily be varied for tuning the plasmonic resonances of the SERS substrate to match the resonance structure of the analytes to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Höflich
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
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11
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Kämmer E, Dörfer T, Csáki A, Schumacher W, Da Costa Filho PA, Tarcea N, Fritzsche W, Rösch P, Schmitt M, Popp J. Evaluation of Colloids and Activation Agents for Determination of Melamine Using UV-SERS. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2012; 116:6083-6091. [PMID: 22428076 PMCID: PMC3304507 DOI: 10.1021/jp211863y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UV-SERS measurements offer a great potential for environmental or food (detection of food contaminats) analytics. Here, the UV-SERS enhancement potential of various kinds of metal colloids, such as Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Au-Ag core-shell, and Ag-Au core-shell with different shapes and sizes, were studied using melamine as a test molecule. The influence of different activation (KF, KCl, KBr, K(2)SO(4)) agents onto the SERS activity of the nanomaterials was investigated, showing that the combination of a particular nanoparticle with a special activation agent is extremely crucial for the observed SERS enhancement. In particular, the size dependence of spherical nanoparticles of one particular metal on the activator has been exploited. By doing so, it could be shown that the SERS enhancement increases or decreases for increasing or decreasing size of a nanoparticle, respectively. Overall, the presented results demonstrate the necessity to adjust the nanoparticle size and the activation agent for different experiments in order to achieve the best possible UV-SERS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kämmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Dörfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Csáki
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wilm Schumacher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Nicolae Tarcea
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic
Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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12
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Cialla D, März A, Böhme R, Theil F, Weber K, Schmitt M, Popp J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS): progress and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 403:27-54. [PMID: 22205182 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combines molecular fingerprint specificity with potential single-molecule sensitivity. Therefore, the SERS technique is an attractive tool for sensing molecules in trace amounts within the field of chemical and biochemical analytics. Since SERS is an ongoing topic, which can be illustrated by the increased annual number of publications within the last few years, this review reflects the progress and trends in SERS research in approximately the last three years. The main reason why the SERS technique has not been established as a routine analytic technique, despite its high specificity and sensitivity, is due to the low reproducibility of the SERS signal. Thus, this review is dominated by the discussion of the various concepts for generating powerful, reproducible, SERS-active surfaces. Furthermore, the limit of sensitivity in SERS is introduced in the context of single-molecule spectroscopy and the calculation of the 'real' enhancement factor. In order to shed more light onto the underlying molecular processes of SERS, the theoretical description of SERS spectra is also a growing research field and will be summarized here. In addition, the recording of SERS spectra is affected by a number of parameters, such as laser power, integration time, and analyte concentration. To benefit from synergies, SERS is combined with other methods, such as scanning probe microscopy and microfluidics, which illustrates the broad applications of this powerful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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13
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März A, Henkel T, Cialla D, Schmitt M, Popp J. Droplet formation via flow-through microdevices in Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy--concepts and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3584-3592. [PMID: 21964776 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20638a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review outlines concepts and applications of droplet formation via flow-through microdevices in Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as well as the advantages of the approach. Even though the droplet-based flow-through technique is utilized in various fields, the review focuses on implementing droplet-based fluidic systems in Raman and SERS as these highly specific detection methods are of major interest in the field of analytics. With the combination of Raman or SERS with droplet-based fluidics, it is expected to achieve novel opportunities for analytics. Besides the approach of using droplet-based microfluidic devices as a detection platform, the unique properties of flow-through systems for the formation of droplets are capitalized to produce SERS active substrates and to accomplish uniform sample preparation. Within this contribution, previous reported applications on droplet-based flow-through Raman and SERS approaches and the additional benefit with regard to the importance in the field of analytics are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne März
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Cialla D, Weber K, Böhme R, Hübner U, Schneidewind H, Zeisberger M, Mattheis R, Möller R, Popp J. Towards multiple readout application of plasmonic arrays. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2011; 2:501-508. [PMID: 22003456 PMCID: PMC3190620 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.2.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to combine the advantages of fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on the same chip platform, a nanostructured gold surface with a unique design, allowing both the sensitive detection of fluorescence light together with the specific Raman fingerprint of the fluorescent molecules, was established. This task requires the fabrication of plasmonic arrays that permit the binding of molecules of interest at different distances from the metallic surface. The most efficient SERS enhancement is achieved for molecules directly adsorbed on the metallic surface due to the strong field enhancement, but where, however, the fluorescence is quenched most efficiently. Furthermore, the fluorescence can be enhanced efficiently by careful adjustment of the optical behavior of the plasmonic arrays. In this article, the simultaneous application of SERS and fluorescence, through the use of various gold nanostructured arrays, is demonstrated by the realization of a DNA detection scheme. The results shown open the way to more flexible use of plasmonic arrays in bioanalytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Karina Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - René Böhme
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Henrik Schneidewind
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Zeisberger
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Mattheis
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Möller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Cialla D, Petschulat J, Hübner U, Schneidewind H, Zeisberger M, Mattheis R, Pertsch T, Schmitt M, Möller R, Popp J. Investigation on the second part of the electromagnetic SERS enhancement and resulting fabrication strategies of anisotropic plasmonic arrays. Chemphyschem 2010; 11:1918-24. [PMID: 20401896 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200901009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In general, the electromagnetic mechanism is understood as the strongest contribution to the overall surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) enhancement. Due to the excitation of surface plasmons, a strong electromagnetic field is induced at the interfaces of a metallic nanoparticle leading to a drastic enhancement of the Raman scattering cross-section. Furthermore, the Raman scattered light expierences an emission enhancement due to the plasmon resonances of the nanoantennas. Herein, this second part of the electromagnetic enhancement phenomenon is investigated for different Raman bands of crystal violet by utilizing the anisotropic plasmonic character of gold nanorhomb SERS arrays. We aim at evaluating the effects of localized and propagating surface plasmon polariton modes as well as their combination on the scattered SERS intensity. From that point of view, design and fabrication strategies towards the fabrication of SERS arrays for excitation wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral region can be given, also using a double-resonant electromagnetic enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Cialla
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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