1
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Musse D, Lee D. Parametric study of pulsed nanosecond laser interaction with carbon-nanotube composite bipolar plate for PEMFCs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2048. [PMID: 36739359 PMCID: PMC9899249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28700-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A laser processing technique is proposed for the processing of a 2.5 mm thick carbon nanotube (CNT) composite bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This study aims to understand laser interaction with the CNT composite plate experimentally using a pulsed nanosecond laser. Penetration depth, top width, spatter width, and overall physical morphologies are studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and 3D Scanning Confocal Microscope were used for observation and measurements. Based on that, a parametric investigation is conducted and reported systematically. Most importantly, the pulse repetition rate presents a unique nature of interaction that resulted in a critical repetition rate distinguishing three operational regimes. The physical and chemical properties of the regimes are further analyzed by Vickers microhardness testing and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses performed on the surface and cross-section of each specimen. The results reveal that the pulse repetition rate introduces changes in mechanical properties and chemical compositions in the vicinity of the processed region. In conclusion, lower pulse repetition should be favored for less impact on mechanical properties, chemical composition, and morphological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Musse
- grid.411118.c0000 0004 0647 1065Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Cheonan College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080 South Korea
| | - Dongkyoung Lee
- grid.411118.c0000 0004 0647 1065Department of Future Convergence Engineering, Cheonan College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080 South Korea ,grid.411118.c0000 0004 0647 1065Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Cheonan College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080 South Korea ,grid.411118.c0000 0004 0647 1065Center for Advanced Powder Materials and Parts of Powder (CAMP2), Cheonan College of Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 31080 South Korea
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2
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Vaičaitis V, Balachninaitė O, Matijošius A, Babushkin I, Morgner U. Direct time-resolved plasma characterization with broadband terahertz light pulses. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:015201. [PMID: 36797931 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.015201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report here the results of comprehensive plasma characterization and diagnostics by analyzing time-resolved absorption spectra of short ultrabroadband (0.1-50 THz) pulses propagated through the test plasma. Spectral analysis of plasma-induced absorption of such THz pulses provides very direct, in situ, high dynamical range, potentially single-shot access to the plasma density, plasma decay time, electron temperature, and ballistic dynamics of the plasma expansion. We have demonstrated a proof-of-principle measurement of plasma created by an intense laser beam. In particular, we showed a reliable measurement of plasma densities from around 10^{16} to 10^{20}cm^{-3}. Apart from the plasma parameters, this method allowed us to reconstruct peak intensity inside the plasma spot and to observe a very early stage of plasma evolution after its excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilijus Vaičaitis
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, Vilnius LT-10223, Lithuania
| | - Ona Balachninaitė
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, Vilnius LT-10223, Lithuania
| | - Aidas Matijošius
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 10, Vilnius LT-10223, Lithuania
| | - Ihar Babushkin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, Berlin 10117, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Morgner
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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3
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Ivanov IA, Kheifets AS, Kim KT. Interference patterns in ionization of Kramers-Henneberger atom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17048. [PMID: 36221023 PMCID: PMC9553879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21549-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We combine IR pump and XUV probe laser pulses to visualize the Kramers–Henneberger (KH) state of the potassium atom. We demonstrate that ionization of such an atom exhibits some molecular-like features such as low order interference maxima in photoelectron momentum spectra. The locations of these maxima allow to estimate spatial dimensions of the KH atom and can be used for accurate calibration of high intensity laser fields. At the same time, we show that an analogy between the KH atom and a homo-nuclear diatomic molecule cannot be extended too far. In particular, higher order interference maxima are very difficult to observe in the case of the KH state. We attribute this to a particular structure of the KH potential which does not confine electron motion to a well-defined potential well unlike in real diatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ivanov
- Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea. .,Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - A S Kheifets
- Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
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4
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Guo X, Jin C, He Z, Yao J, Zhou XX, Cheng Y. Retrieval of molecular alignment and identification of multiple-orbital contribution by using polarized high harmonics from aligned N 2 molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1613-1633. [PMID: 33726372 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the parallel and perpendicular components of high harmonics generated by using aligned N2 molecules, we propose a method to retrieve the alignment distribution induced by the aligning laser based on the quantitative rescattering theory. And the intensity of pump laser and gas temperature can be precisely determined as well. We find that the intensity ratio between two harmonic components is very sensitive to the inclusion of multiple-orbital contribution in the theory. We thus suggest that it could be used to identify the interference from inner orbitals by tuning input laser power or extending the spectral region of high harmonics.
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5
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Wang Y, Lai X, Yu S, Sun R, Liu X, Dorner-Kirchner M, Erattupuzha S, Larimian S, Koch M, Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Paulus G, Baltuška A, Xie X, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Laser-Induced Electron Transfer in the Dissociative Multiple Ionization of Argon Dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:063202. [PMID: 32845670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the ionization-fragmentation dynamics of argon dimers in intense few-cycle laser pulses with a tagged carrier-envelope phase. We find that a field-driven electron transfer process from one argon atom across the system boundary to the other argon atom triggers subcycle electron-electron interaction dynamics in the neighboring atom. This attosecond electron-transfer process between distant entities and its implications manifests itself as a distinct phase-shift between the measured asymmetry of electron emission curves of the Ar^{+}+Ar^{2+} and Ar^{2+}+Ar^{2+} fragmentation channels. This letter discloses a strong-field route to controlling the dynamics in molecular compounds through the excitation of electronic dynamics on a distant molecule by driving intermolecular electron-transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - RenPing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Sonia Erattupuzha
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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6
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Kangaparambil S, Hanus V, Dorner-Kirchner M, He P, Larimian S, Paulus G, Baltuška A, Xie X, Yamanouchi K, He F, Lötstedt E, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Generalized Phase Sensitivity of Directional Bond Breaking in the Laser-Molecule Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:023202. [PMID: 32701337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.023202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We establish a generalized picture of the phase sensitivity of laser-induced directional bond breaking using the H_{2} molecule as the example. We show that the well-known proton ejection anisotropy measured with few-cycle pulses as a function of their carrier-envelope phases arises as an amplitude modulation of an intrinsic anisotropy that is sensitive to the laser phase at the ionization time and determined by the molecule's electronic structure. Our work furthermore reveals a strong electron-proton correlation that may open up a new approach to experimentally accessing the laser-sub-cycle intramolecular electron dynamics also in larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peilun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Gerhard Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Erik Lötstedt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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7
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He Y, He L, Wang P, Wang B, Sun S, Liu R, Wang B, Lan P, Lu P. Measuring the rotational temperature and pump intensity in molecular alignment experiments via high harmonic generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:21182-21191. [PMID: 32680163 DOI: 10.1364/oe.397560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method to simultaneously measure the rotational temperature and pump intensity in laser-induced molecular alignment by the time-resolved high harmonic spectroscopy (HHS). It relies on the sensitive dependence of the arising times of the local minima and maxima of the harmonic yields at the rotational revivals on the pump intensity and rotational temperature. By measuring the arising times of these local extrema from the time-resolved harmonic signals, the rotational temperature and pump intensity can be accurately measured. We have demonstrated our method using N2 molecules. The validity and robustness of our method are tested with different harmonic orders and by changing the gas pressures as well as the distance between the gas exit and the optical axis. Moreover, we have also demonstrated the versatility of our method by applying it to CO2 molecules.
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8
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Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Larimian S, Dorner-Kirchner M, Xie X, Schöffler MS, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Staudte A, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Experimental Separation of Subcycle Ionization Bursts in Strong-Field Double Ionization of H_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103201. [PMID: 32216425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the unambiguous observation of the subcycle ionization bursts in sequential strong-field double ionization of H_{2} and their disentanglement in molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions. This observation was made possible by the use of few-cycle laser pulses with a known carrier-envelope phase, in combination with multiparticle coincidence momentum imaging. The approach demonstrated here will allow sampling of the intramolecular electron dynamics and the investigation of charge-state-specific Coulomb distortions on emitted electrons in polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Lab of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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9
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Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Larimian S, Dorner-Kirchner M, Xie X, Schöffler MS, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Staudte A, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Subfemtosecond Tracing of Molecular Dynamics during Strong-Field Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:263201. [PMID: 31951453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method where the two intrinsic timescales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photoelectron photoion coincidence experiment. In our experiment, elliptically polarized, 750 nm, 4.5 fs laser pulses were focused to an intensity of 9×10^{14} W/cm^{2} onto H_{2}. Using coincidence imaging, we directly observe the nuclear wave packet evolving on the 1sσ_{g} state of H_{2}^{+} during its first round-trip with attosecond temporal and picometer spatial resolution. The demonstrated method should enable insight into the first few femtoseconds of the vibronic dynamics of ionization-induced unimolecular reactions of larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, EU
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, EU
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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10
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Haram N, Ivanov I, Xu H, Kim KT, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Sainadh US, Glover RD, Chetty D, Litvinyuk IV, Sang RT. Relativistic Nondipole Effects in Strong-Field Atomic Ionization at Moderate Intensities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:093201. [PMID: 31524440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.093201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study on the relativistic nondipole effects in strong-field atomic ionization by near-infrared linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulses in the intensity range of 10^{14}-10^{15} W/cm^{2}. We record high-resolution photoelectron momentum distributions of argon using a reaction microscope and compare our measurements with a truly ab initio fully relativistic 3D model based on the time-dependent Dirac equation. We observe counterintuitive peak shifts of the transverse electron momentum distribution in the direction opposite to that of laser propagation as a function of laser intensity and demonstrate an excellent agreement between the experimental results and theoretical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Haram
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Igor Ivanov
- Centre for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Centre for Relativistic Laser Science, Institute for Basic Science, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
| | - A Atia-Tul-Noor
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - U Satya Sainadh
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R D Glover
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - D Chetty
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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11
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Kunitski M, Eicke N, Huber P, Köhler J, Zeller S, Voigtsberger J, Schlott N, Henrichs K, Sann H, Trinter F, Schmidt LPH, Kalinin A, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Lein M, Dörner R. Double-slit photoelectron interference in strong-field ionization of the neon dimer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1. [PMID: 30602773 PMCID: PMC6315036 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4381] [Impact Index Per Article: 876.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wave-particle duality is an inherent peculiarity of the quantum world. The double-slit experiment has been frequently used for understanding different aspects of this fundamental concept. The occurrence of interference rests on the lack of which-way information and on the absence of decoherence mechanisms, which could scramble the wave fronts. Here, we report on the observation of two-center interference in the molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distribution upon ionization of the neon dimer by a strong laser field. Postselection of ions, which are measured in coincidence with electrons, allows choosing the symmetry of the residual ion, leading to observation of both, gerade and ungerade, types of interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Eicke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia Huber
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jonas Köhler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Voigtsberger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nikolai Schlott
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kevin Henrichs
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Sann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lothar Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anton Kalinin
- GSI-Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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12
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Eckart S, Fehre K, Eicke N, Hartung A, Rist J, Trabert D, Strenger N, Pier A, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Schöffler MS, Lein M, Kunitski M, Dörner R. Direct Experimental Access to the Nonadiabatic Initial Momentum Offset upon Tunnel Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:163202. [PMID: 30387676 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the nonadiabatic offset of the initial electron momentum distribution in the plane of polarization upon single ionization of argon by strong field tunneling and show how to experimentally control the degree of nonadiabaticity. Two-color counter- and corotating fields (390 and 780 nm) are compared to show that the nonadiabatic offset strongly depends on the temporal evolution of the laser electric field. We introduce a simple method for the direct access to the nonadiabatic offset using two-color counter- and corotating fields. Further, for a single-color circularly polarized field at 780 nm, we show that the radius of the experimentally observed donutlike distribution increases for increasing momentum in the light propagation direction. Our observed initial momentum offsets are well reproduced by the strong-field approximation. A mechanistic picture is introduced that links the measured nonadiabatic offset to the magnetic quantum number of virtually populated intermediate states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Eckart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Eicke
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Trabert
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Strenger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Kunitski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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13
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Tan J, Zhou Y, Li M, He M, Liu Y, Lu P. Accurate measurement of laser intensity using photoelectron interference in strong-field tunneling ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20063-20075. [PMID: 30119322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of laser intensity is of fundamental importance to study various phenomena in intense laser-atom/molecule interactions. We theoretically demonstrate a scheme to measure laser intensity by examining the holographic structure originating from the interference between the direct and near-forward rescattering electrons in strong-field tunneling ionization. By adding a weak second-harmonic field with polarization orthogonal to the strong fundamental driving field, the interference pattern oscillates with the changing relative phases of the two-color fields. Interestingly, the amplitude of this oscillation in the photoelectron momentum spectrum depends on the parallel momentum. With the quantum-orbit analysis, we show that the amplitude of the oscillation minimizes when the time difference between the recollision and ionization of near-forward rescattering electron is half cycle of the fundamental driving field. This enables us to measure accurately the laser intensity by seeking the minimum of the oscillation amplitude. Moreover, we show that this minimum can be determined without scanning the relative phases, instead, by just monitoring the interference patterns for two relative phases. This facilitates the application of our scheme in experiment.
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14
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Abstract
Dissociation of diatomic molecules with odd number of electrons always causes the unpaired electron to localize on one of the two resulting atomic fragments. In the simplest diatomic molecule H2+ dissociation yields a hydrogen atom and a proton with the sole electron ending up on one of the two nuclei. That is equivalent to breaking of a chemical bond-the most fundamental chemical process. Here we observe such electron localization in real time by performing a pump-probe experiment. We demonstrate that in H2+ electron localization is complete in just 15 fs when the molecule's internuclear distance reaches 8 atomic units. The measurement is supported by a theoretical simulation based on numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. This observation advances our understanding of detailed dynamics of molecular dissociation.
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15
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Quan W, Yuan M, Yu S, Xu S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Sun R, Xiao Z, Gong C, Hua L, Lai X, Liu X, Chen J. Laser intensity determination using nonadiabatic tunneling ionization of atoms in close-to-circularly polarized laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23248-23259. [PMID: 27828389 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We conceive an improved procedure to determine the laser intensity with the momentum distributions from nonadiabatic tunneling ionization of atoms in the close-to-circularly polarized laser fields. The measurements for several noble gas atoms are in accordance with the semiclassical calculations, where the nonadiabatic effect and the influence of Coulomb potential are included. Furthermore, the high-order above-threshold ionization spectrum in linearly polarized laser fields for Ar is measured and compared with the numerical calculation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in the single-active-electron approximation to test the accuracy of the calibrated laser intensity.
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16
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Wang X, Xu H, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Hu BT, Kielpinski D, Sang RT, Litvinyuk IV. Isotope Effect in Tunneling Ionization of Neutral Hydrogen Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:083003. [PMID: 27588855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently predicted theoretically that due to nuclear motion light and heavy hydrogen molecules exposed to strong electric field should exhibit substantially different tunneling ionization rates [O. I. Tolstikhin, H. J. Worner, and T. Morishita, Phys. Rev. A 87, 041401(R) (2013)]. We studied that isotope effect experimentally by measuring relative ionization yields for each species in a mixed H_{2}/D_{2} gas jet interacting with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In a reaction microscope apparatus, we detected ionic fragments from all contributing channels (single ionization, dissociation, and sequential double ionization) and determined the ratio of total single ionization yields for H_{2} and D_{2}. The measured ratio agrees quantitatively with the prediction of the generalized weak-field asymptotic theory in an apparent failure of the frozen-nuclei approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - A Atia-Tul-Noor
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - B T Hu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - D Kielpinski
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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17
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Wallace WC, Ghafur O, Khurmi C, Sainadh U S, Calvert JE, Laban DE, Pullen MG, Bartschat K, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Wells D, Quiney HM, Tong XM, Litvinyuk IV, Sang RT, Kielpinski D. Precise and Accurate Measurements of Strong-Field Photoionization and a Transferable Laser Intensity Calibration Standard. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:053001. [PMID: 27517769 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of atoms and molecules in strong laser fields is a fundamental process in many fields of research, especially in the emerging field of attosecond science. So far, demonstrably accurate data have only been acquired for atomic hydrogen (H), a species that is accessible to few investigators. Here, we present measurements of the ionization yield for argon, krypton, and xenon with percent-level accuracy, calibrated using H, in a laser regime widely used in attosecond science. We derive a transferable calibration standard for laser peak intensity, accurate to 1.3%, that is based on a simple reference curve. In addition, our measurements provide a much needed benchmark for testing models of ionization in noble-gas atoms, such as the widely employed single-active electron approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Wallace
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - O Ghafur
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - C Khurmi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Satya Sainadh U
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - J E Calvert
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - D E Laban
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - M G Pullen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - K Bartschat
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, USA
| | - A N Grum-Grzhimailo
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - D Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - H M Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - X M Tong
- Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Computational Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - D Kielpinski
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Australian Attosecond Science Facility and Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
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18
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Quan W, Hao X, Chen Y, Yu S, Xu S, Wang Y, Sun R, Lai X, Wu C, Gong Q, He X, Liu X, Chen J. Long-Range Coulomb Effect in Intense Laser-Driven Photoelectron Dynamics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27108. [PMID: 27256904 PMCID: PMC4891819 DOI: 10.1038/srep27108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In strong field atomic physics community, long-range Coulomb interaction has for a long time been overlooked and its significant role in intense laser-driven photoelectron dynamics eluded experimental observations. Here we report an experimental investigation of the effect of long-range Coulomb potential on the dynamics of near-zero-momentum photoelectrons produced in photo-ionization process of noble gas atoms in intense midinfrared laser pulses. By exploring the dependence of photoelectron distributions near zero momentum on laser intensity and wavelength, we unambiguously demonstrate that the long-range tail of the Coulomb potential (i.e., up to several hundreds atomic units) plays an important role in determining the photoelectron dynamics after the pulse ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoLei Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
| | - YongJu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - SongPo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - YanLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - RenPing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.,School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - ChengYin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - QiHuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China
| | - XianTu He
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics and Center for Cold Atom Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Chen
- HEDPS, Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Peking University, Beijing 100084, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P. O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088, China
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19
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Experimental observation of the elusive double-peak structure in R-dependent strong-field ionization rate of H2(+). Sci Rep 2015; 5:13527. [PMID: 26314372 PMCID: PMC4551962 DOI: 10.1038/srep13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
When a diatomic molecule is ionized by an intense laser field, the ionization rate depends very strongly on the inter-nuclear separation. That dependence exhibits a pronounced maximum at the inter-nuclear separation known as the “critical distance”. This phenomenon was first demonstrated theoretically in H2+ and became known as “charge-resonance enhanced ionization” (CREI, in reference to a proposed physical mechanism) or simply “enhanced ionization”(EI). All theoretical models of this phenomenon predict a double-peak structure in the R-dependent ionization rate of H2+. However, such double-peak structure has never been observed experimentally. It was even suggested that it is impossible to observe due to fast motion of the nuclear wavepackets. Here we report a few-cycle pump-probe experiment which clearly resolves that elusive double-peak structure. In the experiment, an expanding H2+ ion produced by an intense pump pulse is probed by a much weaker probe pulse. The predicted double-peak structure is clearly seen in delay-dependent kinetic energy spectra of protons when pump and probe pulses are polarized parallel to each other. No structure is seen when the probe is polarized perpendicular to the pump.
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20
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Znakovskaya I, Spanner M, De S, Li H, Ray D, Corkum P, Litvinyuk IV, Cocke CL, Kling MF. Transition between mechanisms of laser-induced field-free molecular orientation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:113005. [PMID: 24702362 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.113005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The transition between two distinct mechanisms for the laser-induced field-free orientation of CO molecules is observed via measurements of orientation revival times and subsequent comparison to theoretical calculations. In the first mechanism, which we find responsible for the orientation of CO up to peak intensities of 8 × 10(13) W/cm(2), the molecules are impulsively oriented through the hyperpolarizability interaction. At higher intensities, asymmetric depletion through orientation-selective ionization is the dominant orienting mechanism. In addition to the clear identification of the two regimes of orientation, we propose that careful measurements of the onset of the orientation depletion mechanism as a function of the laser intensity will provide a relatively simple route to calibrating absolute rates of nonperturbative strong-field molecular ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Znakovskaya
- Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Spanner
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - S De
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - H Li
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - D Ray
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - P Corkum
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada and Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, University of Ottawa and National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA and Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - C L Cocke
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M F Kling
- Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany and J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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21
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Boge R, Cirelli C, Landsman AS, Heuser S, Ludwig A, Maurer J, Weger M, Gallmann L, Keller U. Probing nonadiabatic effects in strong-field tunnel ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:103003. [PMID: 25166662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.103003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally the validity of proposed theories extending the tunneling approximation towards the multiphoton regime in strong-field ionization of helium. We employ elliptically polarized laser pulses and demonstrate how the influence of the ion potential on the released electron encoded in the measured observable provides the desired sensitivity to detect nonadiabatic effects in tunnel ionization. Our results show that for a large intensity range the proposed nonadiabatic theories contradict the experimental trends of the data, while adiabatic assumptions are confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boge
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Cirelli
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A S Landsman
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Heuser
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Ludwig
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Maurer
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Weger
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Gallmann
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Keller
- Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Dreissigacker I, Lein M. Quantitative theory for the lateral momentum distribution after strong-field ionization. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Xie X, Roither S, Schöffler M, Kartashov D, Xu H, Zhang L, Rathje T, Paulus GG, Doblhoff-Dier K, Gräfe S, Bubin S, Atkinson M, Varga K, Yamanouchi K, Baltuška A, Kitzler M. Fragmentation Control of a Polyatomic Molecule by fully determined Laser-Fields. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Har-Shemesh O, Di Piazza A. Peak intensity measurement of relativistic lasers via nonlinear Thomson scattering. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:1352-1354. [PMID: 22513683 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of peak laser intensities exceeding 10(20) W/cm(2) is in general a very challenging task. We suggest a simple method to accurately measure such high intensities up to about 10(23) W/cm(2), by colliding a beam of ultrarelativistic electrons with the laser pulse. The method exploits the high directionality of the radiation emitted by ultrarelativistic electrons via nonlinear Thomson scattering. Initial electron energies well within the reach of laser wake-field accelerators are required, allowing in principle for an all-optical setup. Accuracies of the order of 10% are theoretically envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omri Har-Shemesh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Lin YF, Yan L, Lee SK, Herath T, Li W. Orbital alignment in photodissociation probed using strong field ionization. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:234311. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3671456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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26
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Smeenk CTL, Arissian L, Zhou B, Mysyrowicz A, Villeneuve DM, Staudte A, Corkum PB. Partitioning of the linear photon momentum in multiphoton ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:193002. [PMID: 21668148 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.193002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The balance of the linear photon momentum in multiphoton ionization is studied experimentally. In the experiment argon and neon atoms are singly ionized by circularly polarized laser pulses with a wavelength of 800 and 1400 nm in the intensity range of 10(14)-10(15) W/cm2. The photoelectrons are measured using velocity map imaging. We find that the photoelectrons carry linear momentum corresponding to the photons absorbed above the field free ionization threshold. Our finding has implications for concurrent models of the generation of terahertz radiation in filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T L Smeenk
- JASLab, University of Ottawa and National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Canada
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