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Gottschalk R, Lindinger A. Temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:10207-10213. [PMID: 36606782 DOI: 10.1364/ao.473744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence of dyes. The particularly tailored pulses are generated by first utilizing a temporal pulse shaper and subsequently a two-dimensional spatial pulse shaper. Various vortex phase shaped structures are demonstrated by combining different two-dimensional phase patterns. Moreover, perpendicular polarization components are used to achieve an enhanced radial two-photon excited fluorescence contrast by applying third order phase functions on the temporal pulse shaper. Particularly, the spatial fluorescence structure is modulated with a combination of Gaussian and vortex phase shaped pulses by modifying only the phase on the temporal modulator. Thereby, interference structures with high spatial resolution arise. The introduced method to generate temporally shaped vortex phase tailored pulses will provide new perspectives for biophotonic applications.
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Li D, Shan H, Rupprecht C, Knopf H, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Qin Y, Tongay S, Nuß M, Schröder S, Eilenberger F, Höfling S, Schneider C, Brixner T. Hybridized Exciton-Photon-Phonon States in a Transition Metal Dichalcogenide van der Waals Heterostructure Microcavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:087401. [PMID: 35275663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.087401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excitons in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been established as an attractive platform to explore polaritonic physics, owing to their enormous binding energies and giant oscillator strength. Basic spectral features of exciton polaritons in TMD microcavities, thus far, were conventionally explained via two-coupled-oscillator models. This ignores, however, the impact of phonons on the polariton energy structure. Here we establish and quantify the threefold coupling between excitons, cavity photons, and phonons. For this purpose, we employ energy-momentum-resolved photoluminescence and spatially resolved coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to investigate the spectral properties of a high-quality-factor microcavity with an embedded WSe_{2} van der Waals heterostructure at room temperature. Our approach reveals a rich multibranch structure which thus far has not been captured in previous experiments. Simulation of the data reveals hybridized exciton-photon-phonon states, providing new physical insight into the exciton polariton system based on layered TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghai Li
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Hangyong Shan
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rupprecht
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heiko Knopf
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ying Qin
- Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Sefaattin Tongay
- Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Matthias Nuß
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Schröder
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Falk Eilenberger
- Institute of Applied Physics, Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering IOF, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Max Planck School of Photonics, Albert-Einstein-Straße 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Technische Physik and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Jiang H, Wang C, Wei B, Gan W, Cai D, Cui M. Long-range remote focusing by image-plane aberration correction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:34008-34014. [PMID: 33182878 PMCID: PMC7679183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser scanning plays an important role in a broad range of applications. Toward 3D aberration-free scanning, a remote focusing technique has been developed for high-speed imaging applications. However, the implementation of remote focusing often suffers from a limited axial scan range as a result of unknown aberration. Through simple analysis, we show that the sample-to-image path length conservation is crucially important to the remote focusing performance. To enhance the axial scan range, we propose and demonstrate an image-plane aberration correction method. Using a static correction, we can effectively improve the focus quality over a large defocusing range. Experimentally, we achieved ∼three times greater defocusing range than that of conventional methods. This technique can broadly benefit the implementations of high-speed large-volume 3D imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hehai Jiang
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chenmao Wang
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bowen Wei
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Wenbiao Gan
- Skirball Institute, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Durst ME, Turcios A, Laurence C, Moskovitz E. Dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL). APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:428-435. [PMID: 30645323 PMCID: PMC6342488 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present dispersion compensation by a liquid lens (DisCoBALL), which provides tunable group-delay dispersion (GDD) that is high speed, has a large tuning range, and uses off-the-shelf components. GDD compensation is crucial for experiments with ultrashort pulses. With an electrically tunable lens (ETL) at the Fourier plane of a 4f grating pair pulse shaper, the ETL applies a parabolic phase shift in space and therefore a parabolic phase shift to the laser spectrum, i.e., GDD. The GDD can be tuned with a range greater than 2×105 fs2 at a rate of 100 Hz while maintaining stable coupling into a single-mode fiber.
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Büchau F, Patas A, Yang Y, Lindinger A, Heyne K. A stage-scanning two-photon microscope equipped with a temporal and a spatial pulse shaper: Enhance fluorescence signal by phase shaping. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:123701. [PMID: 30599602 DOI: 10.1063/1.5025792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Here, we present a stage-scanning two-photon microscope (2PM) equipped with a temporal pulse shaper and a spatial light modulator enabling full control over spectral and spatial phases of the exciting laser pulse. We demonstrate the capability of correcting wavefronts and temporal pulse distortions without cross-dependencies induced by optical elements at the same time enhancing the fluorescence signal. We implemented phase resolved interferometric spectral modulation for temporal pulse shaping and the iterative feedback adaptive compensation technique for spatial pulse modulation as iterative techniques. Sample distortions were simulated by cover glass plates in the optical path and by chirping the exciting laser pulses. Optimization of the spectral and spatial phases results in a signal increase of 30% and nearly complete recovery of the losses. Applying a measured spatial compensation phase within a real leaf sample shows the enhancement in contrast due to wavefront shaping with local fluorescence increase up to 75%. The setup allows full independent control over spatial and spectral phases keeping or improving the spatial resolution of our microscope and provides the optimal tool for sensitive non-linear and coherent control microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Büchau
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Patas
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Lindinger
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Heyne
- Department of Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14159 Berlin, Germany
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Matthews M, Morales F, Patas A, Lindinger A, Gateau J, Berti N, Hermelin S, Kasparian J, Richter M, Bredtmann T, Smirnova O, Wolf JP, Ivanov M. Amplification of intense light fields by nearly free electrons. NATURE PHYSICS 2018; 14:695-700. [PMID: 30079094 PMCID: PMC6071854 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-018-0105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Light can be used to modify and control properties of media, as in the case of electromagnetically induced transparency or, more recently, for the generation of slow light or bright coherent XUV and X-ray radiation. Particularly unusual states of matter can be created by light fields with strengths comparable to the Coulomb field that binds valence electrons in atoms, leading to nearly-free electrons oscillating in the laser field and yet still loosely bound to the core [1,2]. These are known as Kramers-Henneberger states [3], a specific example of laser-dressed states [2]. Here, we demonstrate that these states arise not only in isolated atoms [4,5], but also in rare gases, at and above atmospheric pressure, where they can act as a gain medium during laser filamentation. Using shaped laser pulses, gain in these states is achieved within just a few cycles of the guided field. The corresponding lasing emission is a signature of population inversion in these states and of their stability against ionization. Our work demonstrates that these unusual states of neutral atoms can be exploited to create a general ultrafast gain mechanism during laser filamentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Matthews
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Felipe Morales
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Patas
- Inst. Fur Exp. Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albrecht Lindinger
- Inst. Fur Exp. Physik, Freie Universitat Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Gateau
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Berti
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Hermelin
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Kasparian
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Maria Richter
- Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Timm Bredtmann
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Smirnova
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- GAP, University of Geneva, 22 chemin de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Misha Ivanov
- Max Born Institute, Max Born Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Goetz S, Li D, Kolb V, Pflaum J, Brixner T. Coherent two-dimensional fluorescence micro-spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:3915-3925. [PMID: 29475248 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.003915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed coherent two-dimensional (2D) fluorescence micro-spectroscopy which probes the nonlinear optical response at surfaces via fluorescence detection with sub-micron spatial resolution. This enables the investigation of microscopic variations in heterogeneous systems. An LCD-based pulse shaper in 4f geometry is used to create collinear trains of 12-fs visible/NIR laser pulses in the focus of an NA = 1.4 immersion-oil microscope objective. We demonstrate the capabilities of the new method by presenting 2D spectra, analyzed via phase cycling, as a function of position of selected sub-micron regions from a laterally nanostructured polycrystalline thin film of fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine (F16ZnPc).
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Hild MB, Dufour A, Achazi G, Patas A, Scheier P, Lindinger A. Selection of ionization paths of K2 on superfluid helium droplets by wave packet interference. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kong L, Tang J, Cui M. In vivo volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in deep tissue via wavefront engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1214-1221. [PMID: 26832504 PMCID: PMC4741314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems undergo dynamical changes continuously which span multiple spatial and temporal scales. To study these complex biological dynamics in vivo, high-speed volumetric imaging that can work at large imaging depth is highly desired. However, deep tissue imaging suffers from wavefront distortion, resulting in reduced Strehl ratio and image quality. Here we combine the two wavefront engineering methods developed in our lab, namely the optical phase-locked ultrasound lens based volumetric imaging and the iterative multiphoton adaptive compensation technique, and demonstrate in vivo volumetric imaging of microglial and mitochondrial dynamics at large depth in mouse brain cortex and lymph node, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Kong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianyong Tang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Integrated imaging cluster, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Bindley bioscience center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Pawłowska M, Goetz S, Dreher C, Wurdack M, Krauss E, Razinskas G, Geisler P, Hecht B, Brixner T. Shaping and spatiotemporal characterization of sub-10-fs pulses focused by a high-NA objective. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:31496-510. [PMID: 25607100 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a setup consisting of a 4f pulse shaper and a microscope with a high-NA objective lens and discuss the aspects most relevant for an undistorted spatiotemporal profile of the focused beam. We demonstrate shaper-assisted pulse compression in focus to a sub-10-fs duration using phase-resolved interferometric spectral modulation (PRISM). We introduce a nanostructure-based method for sub-diffraction spatiotemporal characterization of strongly focused pulses. The distortions caused by optical aberrations and space-time coupling from the shaper can be reduced by careful setup design and alignment to about 10 nm in space and 1 fs in time.
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