1
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Keil E, Lokstein H, Cogdell R, Hauer J, Zigmantas D, Thyrhaug E. Light harvesting in purple bacteria does not rely on resonance fine-tuning in peripheral antenna complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024; 161:191-201. [PMID: 38907135 PMCID: PMC11324704 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The ring-like peripheral light-harvesting complex 2 (LH2) expressed by many phototrophic purple bacteria is a popular model system in biological light-harvesting research due to its robustness, small size, and known crystal structure. Furthermore, the availability of structural variants with distinct electronic structures and optical properties has made this group of light harvesters an attractive testing ground for studies of structure-function relationships in biological systems. LH2 is one of several pigment-protein complexes for which a link between functionality and effects such as excitonic coherence and vibronic coupling has been proposed. While a direct connection has not yet been demonstrated, many such interactions are highly sensitive to resonance conditions, and a dependence of intra-complex dynamics on detailed electronic structure might be expected. To gauge the sensitivity of energy-level structure and relaxation dynamics to naturally occurring structural changes, we compare the photo-induced dynamics in two structurally distinct LH2 variants. Using polarization-controlled 2D electronic spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, we directly access information on dynamic and static disorder in the complexes. The simultaneous optimal spectral and temporal resolution of these experiments further allows us to characterize the ultrafast energy relaxation, including exciton transport within the complexes. Despite the variations in PPC molecular structure manifesting as clear differences in electronic structure and disorder, the energy-transport and-relaxation dynamics remain remarkably similar. This indicates that the light-harvesting functionality of purple bacteria within a single LH2 complex is highly robust to structural perturbations and likely does not rely on finely tuned electronic- or electron-vibrational resonance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Keil
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Heiko Lokstein
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Room 402 Davidson Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 16, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erling Thyrhaug
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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2
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Kefer O, Kolesnichenko PV, Buckup T. Two-dimensional coherent electronic spectrometer with switchable multi-color configurations. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:023003. [PMID: 38416044 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Broadband implementation of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is a desirable goal for numerous research groups, yet achieving it presents considerable challenges. An effective strategy to mitigate these challenges is the utilization of two-color approaches, effectively broadening the spectral bandwidth accessible with 2DES. Here, we present a simple approach to include multi-color configurations based on adjustable mirror mounts. This enables seamless toggling between single-color, two-color, and transient 2DES within the same spectroscopic apparatus, which is benchmarked on two common laser dyes, Rhodamine 6G and Nile blue. Upon mixing the dyes, single-color 2DES shows overlapping signals, whereas a high selectivity toward Nile blue responses is maintained in two-color and transient 2DES, owing to the fully resonant excitation that is spectrally shifted relative to the detection window. This method is readily implemented in other setups with similar experimental layouts and can be used as a simple solution to overcome existing bandwidth limitations. With the inclusion of transient 2DES, additional insights into excited-state processes can be gained due to its increased sensitivity toward excited-state coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Kefer
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel V Kolesnichenko
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Lüttig J, Mueller S, Malý P, Krich JJ, Brixner T. Higher-Order Multidimensional and Pump-Probe Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7556-7573. [PMID: 37589504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Transient absorption and coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy are widely established methods for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in quantum systems. Conventionally, they are interpreted in the framework of perturbation theory at the third order of interaction. Here, we discuss the potential of higher-(than-third-)order pump-probe and multidimensional spectroscopy to provide insight into excited multiparticle states and their dynamics. We focus on recent developments from our group. In particular, we demonstrate how phase cycling can be used in fluorescence-detected two-dimensional spectroscopy to isolate higher-order spectra that provide information about highly excited states such as the correlation of multiexciton states. We discuss coherently detected fifth-order 2D spectroscopy and its power to track exciton diffusion. Finally, we show how to extract higher-order signals even from ordinary pump-probe experiments, providing annihilation-free signals at high excitation densities and insight into multiexciton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Mueller
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jacob J Krich
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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4
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Lüttig J, Rose PA, Malý P, Turkin A, Bühler M, Lambert C, Krich JJ, Brixner T. High-order pump-probe and high-order two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy on the example of squaraine oligomers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234201. [PMID: 37326161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0139090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy is commonly used to study diverse phenomena in chemistry, biology, and physics. Pump-probe experiments and coherent two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy have resolved site-to-site energy transfer, visualized electronic couplings, and much more. In both techniques, the lowest-order signal, in a perturbative expansion of the polarization, is of third order in the electric field, which we call a one-quantum (1Q) signal because in 2D spectroscopy it oscillates in the coherence time with the excitation frequency. There is also a two-quantum (2Q) signal that oscillates in the coherence time at twice the fundamental frequency and is fifth order in the electric field. We demonstrate that the appearance of the 2Q signal guarantees that the 1Q signal is contaminated by non-negligible fifth-order interactions. We derive an analytical connection between an nQ signal and (2n + 1)th-order contaminations of an rQ (with r < n) signal by studying Feynman diagrams of all contributions. We demonstrate that by performing partial integrations along the excitation axis in 2D spectra, we can obtain clean rQ signals free of higher-order artifacts. We exemplify the technique using optical 2D spectroscopy on squaraine oligomers, showing clean extraction of the third-order signal. We further demonstrate the analytical connection with higher-order pump-probe spectroscopy and compare both techniques experimentally. Our approach demonstrates the full power of higher-order pump-probe and 2D spectroscopy to investigate multi-particle interactions in coupled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter A Rose
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bühler
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacob J Krich
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Hedse A, Kalaee AAS, Wacker A, Pullerits T. Pulse overlap artifacts and double quantum coherence spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:141104. [PMID: 37061484 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The double quantum coherence (DQC) signal in nonlinear spectroscopy gives information about the many-body correlation effects not easily available by other methods. The signal is short-lived, consequently, a significant part of it is generated during the pulse overlap. Since the signal is at two times the laser frequency, one may intuitively expect that the pulse overlap-related artifacts are filtered out by the Fourier transform. Here, we show that this is not the case. We perform explicit calculations of phase-modulated two-pulse experiments of a two-level system where the DQC is impossible. Still, we obtain a significant signal at the modulation frequency, which corresponds to the DQC, while the Fourier transform over the pulse delay shows a double frequency. We repeat the calculations with a three-level system where the true DQC signal occurs. We conclude that with realistic dephasing times, the pulse-overlap artifact can be significantly stronger than the DQC signal. Our results call for great care when analyzing such experiments. As a rule of thumb, we recommend that only delays larger than 1.5 times the pulse length should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albin Hedse
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Wacker
- Mathematical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Li M, Sun Y, Liang Z, Zhang S. Square wave reference digital lock-in detection using non-orthogonal demodulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12933. [PMID: 36699261 PMCID: PMC9868535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital lock-in detection technique is commonly used to measure the amplitude and phase of a selected frequency signal. The technique which uses a square wave as the reference signal has an advantage of easier implementation and higher computational efficiency compared to that uses a sine wave. However, one constraint for a square wave reference digital lock-in is that the sampling rate must be the integral multiple of 4 of all the signal frequencies. As the sampling clock may not always be able to set to the integral multiple of 4 of the signal frequencies, the constraint brings inconvenient for the implementation. Presented in this paper is a novel algorithm for square wave digital lock-in detection in which the sampling frequency doesn't have to meet the constraint. The algorithm allows frequency sweep measurements with a fixed sampling rate. For different relationships between the sampling rate and the signal frequency, different calculation equations are provided in this paper. Simulations and actual experiments show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
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7
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Sil S, Tilluck RW, Mohan T M N, Leslie CH, Rose JB, Domínguez-Martín MA, Lou W, Kerfeld CA, Beck WF. Excitation energy transfer and vibronic coherence in intact phycobilisomes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:1286-1294. [PMID: 36123451 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The phycobilisome is an oligomeric chromoprotein complex that serves as the principal mid-visible light-harvesting system in cyanobacteria. Here we report the observation of excitation-energy-transfer pathways involving delocalized optical excitations of the bilin (linear tetrapyrrole) chromophores in intact phycobilisomes isolated from Fremyella diplosiphon. By using broadband multidimensional electronic spectroscopy with 6.7-fs laser pulses, we are able to follow the progress of excitation energy from the phycoerythrin disks at the ends of the phycobilisome's rods to the C-phycocyanin disks along their length in <600 fs. Oscillation maps show that coherent wavepacket motions prominently involving the hydrogen out-of-plane vibrations of the bilins mediate non-adiabatic relaxation of a manifold of vibronic exciton states. However, the charge-transfer character of the bilins in the allophycocyanin-containing segments localizes the excitations in the core of the phycobilisome, yielding a kinetic bottleneck that enables photoregulatory mechanisms to operate efficiently on the >10-ps timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sil
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Chase H Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Justin B Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Wenjing Lou
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl A Kerfeld
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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8
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Rajh T, Koritarov T, Blaiszik B, Rizvi SFZ, Konda V, Bissonnette M. Triggering cell death in cancers using self-illuminating nanocomposites. Front Chem 2022; 10:962161. [PMID: 36186597 PMCID: PMC9521829 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.962161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioinspired photocatalysis has resulted in efficient solutions for many areas of science and technology spanning from solar cells to medicine. Here we show a new bioinspired semiconductor nanocomposite (nanoTiO2-DOPA-luciferase, TiDoL) capable of converting light energy within cancerous tissues into chemical species that are highly disruptive to cell metabolism and lead to cell death. This localized activity of semiconductor nanocomposites is triggered by cancer-generated activators. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is produced in excess in cancer tissues only and activates nearby immobilized TiDoL composites, thereby eliminating its off-target toxicity. The interaction of TiDoL with cancerous cells was probed in situ and in real-time to establish a detailed mechanism of nanoparticle activation, triggering of the apoptotic signaling cascade, and finally, cancer cell death. Activation of TiDoL with non-cancerous cells did not result in cell toxicity. Exploring the activation of antibody-targeted semiconductor conjugates using ATP is a step toward a universal approach to single-cell-targeted medical therapies with more precision, efficacy, and potentially fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Rajh
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- *Correspondence: Tijana Rajh,
| | - Tamara Koritarov
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Ben Blaiszik
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Syeda Fatima Z. Rizvi
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States
| | - Vani Konda
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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9
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Simple double-chopping method for scattering reduction in transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Hedse A, Amarotti E, Lenngren N, Žídek K, Zheng K, Zigmantas D, Pullerits T. Beating signals in CdSe quantum dots measured by low-temperature 2D spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:014201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0089798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in ultrafast spectroscopy can provide access to dynamics involving nontrivial quantum correlations and their evolutions. In coherent 2D spectroscopy, the oscillatory time dependence of a signal is a signature of such quantum dynamics. Here we study such beating signals in electronic coherent 2D spectroscopy of CdSe quantum dots (CdSe QDs) at 77 K. The beating signals are analyzed in terms of their positive and negative Fourier components. We conclude that the beatings originate from coherent LO-phonons of CdSe QDs. No evidence for the quantum dot size dependence of the LO-phonon frequency was identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Wang
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund Univeristy, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Karel Žídek
- TOPTEC Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Tonu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University Faculty of Science, Sweden
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11
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Solowan HP, Malý P, Brixner T. Direct comparison of molecular-beam versus liquid-phase pump-probe and two-dimensional spectroscopy on the example of azulene. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:044201. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although azulene's anomalous fluorescence originating from S2 rather than from S1 is the textbook example for the violation of Kasha's rule, the understanding of the underlying processes is still a subject of investigation. Here, we use action-based coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to measure a single Liouville-space response pathway from S0 via S1 to the S2 state of azulene. We directly compare this sequential excitation in liquid phase detecting S2 fluorescence and in a molecular beam detecting photoionized cations, using the S2 anomalous emission to our advantage. We complement the 2DES study by pump-probe measurements of S1 excitation dynamics, including vibrational relaxation and passage through a conical intersection. The direct comparison of liquid and gas phase allows us to assess the effect of the solvent and the interplay of intra- and inter-molecular energy relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut fuer Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Tumbarello F, Marcolin G, Fresch E, Hofmann E, Carbonera D, Collini E. The Energy Transfer Yield between Carotenoids and Chlorophylls in Peridinin Chlorophyll a Protein Is Robust against Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5067. [PMID: 35563456 PMCID: PMC9099807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy transfer (ET) from carotenoids (Cars) to chlorophylls (Chls) in photosynthetic complexes occurs with almost unitary efficiency thanks to the synergistic action of multiple finely tuned channels whose photophysics and dynamics are not fully elucidated yet. We investigated the energy flow from the Car peridinin (Per) to Chl a in the peridinin chlorophyll a protein (PCP) from marine algae Amphidinium carterae by using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a 10 fs temporal resolution. Recently debated hypotheses regarding the S2-to-S1 relaxation of the Car via a conical intersection and the involvement of possible intermediate states in the ET were examined. The comparison with an N89L mutant carrying the Per donor in a lower-polarity environment helped us unveil relevant details on the mechanisms through which excitation was transferred: the ET yield was conserved even when a mutation perturbed the optimization of the system thanks to the coexistence of multiple channels exploited during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tumbarello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (G.M.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Giampaolo Marcolin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (G.M.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Elisa Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (G.M.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Donatella Carbonera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (G.M.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (F.T.); (G.M.); (E.F.); (D.C.)
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13
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Wang Z, Lenngren N, Amarotti E, Hedse A, Žídek K, Zheng K, Zigmantas D, Pullerits T. Excited States and Their Dynamics in CdSe Quantum Dots Studied by Two-Color 2D Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1266-1271. [PMID: 35089715 PMCID: PMC8842281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) form a promising family of nanomaterials for various applications in optoelectronics. Understanding the details of the excited-state dynamics in QDs is vital for optimizing their function. We apply two-color 2D electronic spectroscopy to investigate CdSe QDs at 77 K within a broad spectral range. Analysis of the electronic dynamics during the population time allows us to identify the details of the excitation pathways. The initially excited high-energy electrons relax with the time constant of 100 fs. Simultaneously, the states at the band edge rise within 700 fs. Remarkably, the excited-state absorption is rising with a very similar time constant of 700 fs. This makes us reconsider the earlier interpretation of the excited-state absorption as the signature of a long-lived trap state. Instead, we propose that this signal originates from the excitation of the electrons that have arrived in the conduction-band edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Wang
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils Lenngren
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- ELI
Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy
of Sciences, v.v.i., Za Radnicí 835, 252 41 Dolní Břežany, Czech
Republic
| | - Edoardo Amarotti
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Albin Hedse
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karel Žídek
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Regional
Center for Special Optics and Optoelectronic Systems (TOPTEC), Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, 270 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens
Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Division
of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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14
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Biswas S, Kim J, Zhang X, Scholes GD. Coherent Two-Dimensional and Broadband Electronic Spectroscopies. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4257-4321. [PMID: 35037757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, coherent broadband spectroscopy has been widely used to improve our understanding of ultrafast processes (e.g., photoinduced electron transfer, proton transfer, and proton-coupled electron transfer reactions) at femtosecond resolution. The advances in femtosecond laser technology along with the development of nonlinear multidimensional spectroscopy enabled further insights into ultrafast energy transfer and carrier relaxation processes in complex biological and material systems. New discoveries and interpretations have led to improved design principles for optimizing the photophysical properties of various artificial systems. In this review, we first provide a detailed theoretical framework of both coherent broadband and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES). We then discuss a selection of experimental approaches and considerations of 2DES along with best practices for data processing and analysis. Finally, we review several examples where coherent broadband and 2DES were employed to reveal mechanisms of photoinitiated ultrafast processes in molecular, biological, and material systems. We end the review with a brief perspective on the future of the experimental techniques themselves and their potential to answer an even greater range of scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - JunWoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Xinzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08 544, United States
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15
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Zhou L, Tian L, Liu J, Zhang W. Scattering elimination of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy using phase and amplitude modulation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Uhl D, Bruder L, Stienkemeier F. A flexible and scalable, fully software-based lock-in amplifier for nonlinear spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083101. [PMID: 34470399 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a cost-effective, fully software-based lock-in amplifier (LIA) implemented on a commercial computer. The device is designed for application in nonlinear spectroscopy, such as transient absorption and coherent multidimensional spectroscopy, but may also be used in any other application. The performance of our device is compared to a state-of-the-art commercial LIA with nearly identical results for both devices. Advantages of our device over commercial hardwired electronic LIAs are the improved flexibility in the data analysis and the possibility of arbitrary up-scaling of the number of LIA channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Uhl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - L Bruder
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Mohan T M N, Leslie CH, Sil S, Rose JB, Tilluck RW, Beck WF. Broadband 2DES detection of vibrational coherence in the S x state of canthaxanthin. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:035103. [PMID: 34293883 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonadiabatic mechanism that mediates nonradiative decay of the bright S2 state to the dark S1 state of carotenoids involves population of a bridging intermediate state, Sx, in several examples. The nature of Sx remains to be determined definitively, but it has been recently suggested that Sx corresponds to conformationally distorted molecules evolving along out-of-plane coordinates of the isoprenoid backbone near a low barrier between planar and distorted conformations on the S2 potential surface. In this study, the electronic and vibrational dynamics accompanying the formation of Sx in toluene solutions of the ketocarotenoid canthaxanthin (CAN) are characterized with broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with 7.8 fs excitation pulses and detection of the linear polarization components of the third-order nonlinear optical signal. A stimulated-emission cross peak in the 2DES spectrum accompanies the formation of Sx in <20 fs following excitation of the main absorption band. Sx is prepared instantaneously, however, with excitation of hot-band transitions associated with distorted conformations of CAN's isoprenoid backbone in the low frequency onset of the main absorption band. Vibrational coherence oscillation maps and modulated anisotropy transients show that Sx undergoes displacements from the Franck-Condon S2 state along out-of-plane coordinates as it passes to the S1 state. The results are consistent with the conclusion that CAN's carbonyl-substituted β-ionone rings impart an intramolecular charge-transfer character that frictionally slows the passage from Sx to S1 compared to carotenoids lacking carbonyl substitution. Despite the longer lifetime, the S1 state of CAN is formed with retention of vibrational coherence after passing through a conical intersection seam with the Sx state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila Mohan T M
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Chase H Leslie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Sourav Sil
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Justin B Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Ryan W Tilluck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Warren F Beck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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18
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Bukartė E, Paleček D, Edlund P, Westenhoff S, Zigmantas D. Dynamic band-shift signal in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy: A case of bacterial reaction center. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:115102. [PMID: 33752351 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical nonlinear spectroscopies carry a high amount of information about the systems under investigation; however, as they report polarization signals, the resulting spectra are often congested and difficult to interpret. To recover the landscape of energy states and physical processes such as energy and electron transfer, a clear interpretation of the nonlinear signals is prerequisite. Here, we focus on the interpretation of the electrochromic band-shift signal, which is generated when an internal electric field is established in the system following optical excitation. Whereas the derivative shape of the band-shift signal is well understood in transient absorption spectroscopy, its emergence in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) has not been discussed. In this work, we employed 2DES to follow the dynamic band-shift signal in reaction centers of purple bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides at 77 K. The prominent two-dimensional derivative-shape signal appears with the characteristic formation time of the charge separated state. To explain and characterize the band-shift signal, we use expanded double-sided Feynman diagram formalism. We propose to distinguish two types of Feynman diagrams that lead to signals with negative amplitude: excited state absorption and re-excitation. The presented signal decomposition and modeling analysis allows us to recover precise electrochromic shifts of accessory bacteriochlorophylls, identify additional signals in the B band range, and gain a further insight into the electron transfer mechanism. In a broader perspective, expanded Feynman diagram formalism will allow for interpretation of all 2D signals in a clearer and more intuitive way and therefore facilitate studying the underlying photophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglė Bukartė
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - David Paleček
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petra Edlund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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19
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Lüttig J, Brixner T, Malý P. Anisotropy in fifth-order exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154202. [PMID: 33887932 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exciton-exciton-interaction two-dimensional (EEI2D) spectroscopy is a fifth-order variant of 2D electronic spectroscopy. It can be used to probe biexciton dynamics in molecular systems and to observe exciton diffusion in extended systems such as polymers or light-harvesting complexes. The exciton transport strongly depends on the geometrical and energetic landscape and its perturbations. These can be of both local character, such as molecular orientation and energetic disorder, and long-range character, such as polymer kinks and structural domains. In the present theoretical work, we investigate the anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy. We introduce a general approach for how to calculate the anisotropy by using the response-function formalism in an efficient way. In numerical simulations, using a Frenkel exciton model with Redfield-theory dynamics, we demonstrate how the measurement of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy can be used to identify various geometrical effects on exciton transport in dimers and polymers. Investigating a molecular heterodimer as an example, we demonstrate the utility of anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy for disentangling dynamic localization and annihilation. We further calculate the annihilation in extended systems such as conjugated polymers. In a polymer, a change in the anisotropy provides a unique signature for exciton transport between differently oriented sections. We analyze three types of geometry variations in polymers: a kink, varying geometric and energetic disorder, and different geometric domains. Our findings underline that employing anisotropy in EEI2D spectroscopy provides a way to distinguish between different geometries and can be used to obtain a better understanding of long-range exciton transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lüttig
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Malý
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Finkelstein-Shapiro D, Mante PA, Sarisozen S, Wittenbecher L, Minda I, Balci S, Pullerits T, Zigmantas D. Understanding radiative transitions and relaxation pathways in plexcitons. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Zhu WD, Wang R, Wang XY, Xiao M, Zhang CF. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with active phase Management. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-da Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xiao-yong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States of America
| | - Chun-feng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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22
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Thyrhaug E, Schröter M, Bukartė E, Kühn O, Cogdell R, Hauer J, Zigmantas D. Intraband dynamics and exciton trapping in the LH2 complex of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:045102. [PMID: 33514092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0033802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last several decades, the light-harvesting protein complexes of purple bacteria have been among the most popular model systems for energy transport in excitonic systems in the weak and intermediate intermolecular coupling regime. Despite this extensive body of scientific work, significant questions regarding the excitonic states and the photo-induced dynamics remain. Here, we address the low-temperature electronic structure and excitation dynamics in the light-harvesting complex 2 of Rhodopseudomonas acidophila by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. We find that, although at cryogenic temperature energy relaxation is very rapid, exciton mobility is limited over a significant range of excitation energies. This points to the presence of a sub-200 fs, spatially local energy-relaxation mechanism and suggests that local trapping might contribute substantially more in cryogenic experiments than under physiological conditions where the thermal energy is comparable to or larger than the static disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erling Thyrhaug
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Schröter
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eglė Bukartė
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert Einstein Straße 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Richard Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Room 402 Davidson Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Jürgen Hauer
- Dynamical Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching b. Munich, Germany
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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23
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Nakamura T. Excitation Energy Transfer Dynamics in a Low-Band-Gap Copolymer: Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of PTB7 in Solution. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Analysis Technology Center, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, 210 Nakanuma, Minamiashigara 251-0193, Japan
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24
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Munoz MF, Medina A, Autry TM, Moody G, Siemens ME, Bristow AD, Cundiff ST, Li H. Fast phase cycling in non-collinear optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5852-5855. [PMID: 33057301 DOI: 10.1364/ol.405196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) is extended to a broader range of applications, it is critical to improve the detection sensitivity of optical 2DCS. We developed a fast phase-cycling scheme in a non-collinear optical 2DCS implementation by using liquid crystal phase retarders to modulate the phases of two excitation pulses. The background in the signal can be eliminated by combining either two or four interferograms measured with a proper phase configuration. The effectiveness of this method was validated in optical 2DCS measurements of an atomic vapor. This fast phase-cycling scheme will enable optical 2DCS in novel emerging applications that require enhanced detection sensitivity.
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25
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Dostál J, Alster J. Interplay between coherence-time undersampling and scattered light in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:093103. [PMID: 33003825 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning pulse delays in multi-pulse non-linear optical spectroscopy experiments is a major contributor to lengthy data acquisition. Using large steps for the scan can significantly speed up the experiment. However, an improper choice of step length can cause distortions to the resulting spectra, especially if the light scattered on the sample is mixed into the signal. In this work, we identify potential sources of such distortions and suggest appropriate countermeasures to avoid them while maintaining a faster data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dostál
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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26
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Zhou L, Tian L, Zhang WK. Experimental consideration of two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lie Tian
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen-kai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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27
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Bukartė E, Haufe A, Paleček D, Büchel C, Zigmantas D. Revealing vibronic coupling in chlorophyll c1 by polarization-controlled 2D electronic spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Tapping PC, Song Y, Kobayashi Y, Scholes GD, Kee TW. Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy Using Rotating Optical Flats. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Tapping
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Yin Song
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, United States
| | - Tak W. Kee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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29
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Paleček D, Edlund P, Gustavsson E, Westenhoff S, Zigmantas D. Potential pitfalls of the early-time dynamics in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:024201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5079817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Paleček
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Edlund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emil Gustavsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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30
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Zhu R, Yue S, Li H, Leng X, Wang Z, Chen H, Weng Y. Correction of spectral distortion in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy arising from the wedge-based delay line. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15474-15484. [PMID: 31163743 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the probe wavelength, which is spectrally resolved by monochromator, the excitation wavelength in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy is retrieved by means of Fourier transform of the interference signal introduced by the coherence delay time between the first and second excitation laser pulses. Hence, the calibration of delay lines would determine its accuracy. In this work, we showed that an inaccurate calibration factor of wedge-based delay line would result in a global peak shift and asymmetric spectral twists along the excitation axis. Both theoretical analysis and experiments have shown that such spectral distortions can be corrected by an accurately predetermined calibration factor. The relative accuracy of calibration factor reaches 3 × 10-5 in our setup. The dispersion effect of wedges also has been considered for the broadband excitation.
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31
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Paleček D, Zigmantas D. Double-crossed polarization transient grating for distinction and characterization of coherences. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:32900-32907. [PMID: 30645450 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.032900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coherent phenomena have been widely suggested to play a role in efficient photosynthetic light harvesting and charge separation processes. To substantiate these ideas, separation of intramolecular vibrational coherences from purely electronic or mixed vibronic coherences is essential. To this end, polarization-controlled two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy has been shown to provide an effective selectivity. We show that analogous discrimination can be achieved in a transient grating experiment by employing the double-crossed polarization scheme. This is demonstrated in a study of bacterial reaction centers. Significantly faster acquisition times of these experiments make longer population time scans feasible, thereby achieving improved frequency resolution and allowing for accurate extraction of coherence frequencies and dephasing times. These parameters are crucial for the discussion on relevance of the measured coherences to energy or electron transfer phenomena.
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32
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Identification and characterization of diverse coherences in the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex. Nat Chem 2018; 10:780-786. [PMID: 29785033 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The idea that excitonic (electronic) coherences are of fundamental importance to natural photosynthesis gained popularity when slowly dephasing quantum beats (QBs) were observed in the two-dimensional electronic spectra of the Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) complex at 77 K. These were assigned to superpositions of excitonic states, a controversial interpretation, as the strong chromophore-environment interactions in the complex suggest fast dephasing. Although it has been pointed out that vibrational motion produces similar spectral signatures, a concrete assignment of these oscillatory signals to distinct physical processes is still lacking. Here we revisit the coherence dynamics of the FMO complex using polarization-controlled two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, supported by theoretical modelling. We show that the long-lived QBs are exclusively vibrational in origin, whereas the dephasing of the electronic coherences is completed within 240 fs even at 77 K. We further find that specific vibrational coherences are produced via vibronically coupled excited states. The presence of such states suggests that vibronic coupling is relevant for photosynthetic energy transfer.
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33
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Maiuri M, Brazard J. Electronic Couplings in (Bio-) Chemical Processes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:10. [DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0180-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Schröter M, Alcocer MJP, Cogdell RJ, Kühn O, Zigmantas D. Origin of the Two Bands in the B800 Ring and Their Involvement in the Energy Transfer Network of Allochromatium vinosum. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1340-1345. [PMID: 29488385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial photosynthesis features robust and adaptable energy-harvesting processes in which light-harvesting proteins play a crucial role. The peripheral light-harvesting complex of the purple bacterium Allochromatium vinosum is particularly distinct, featuring a double peak structure in its B800 absorption band. Two hypotheses-not necessarily mutually exclusive-concerning the origin of this splitting have been proposed; either two distinct B800 bacteriochlorophyll site energies are involved, or an excitonic dimerization of bacteriochlorophylls within the B800 ring takes place. Through the use of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we present unambiguous evidence that excitonic interaction shapes the split band. We further identify and characterize all of the energy transfer pathways within this complex by using a global kinetic fitting procedure. Our approach demonstrates how the combination of two-dimensional spectral resolution and self-consistent fitting allows for extraction of information on light-harvesting processes, which would otherwise be inaccessible due to signal congestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schröter
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 , 18059 Rostock , Germany
- Chemical Physics , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | | | - Richard J Cogdell
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences , University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Kühn
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24 , 18059 Rostock , Germany
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35
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Cipolloni M, Fresch B, Occhiuto I, Rukin P, Komarova KG, Cecconello A, Willner I, Levine RD, Remacle F, Collini E. Coherent electronic and nuclear dynamics in a rhodamine heterodimer-DNA supramolecular complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:23043-23051. [PMID: 28817145 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the role of quantum coherences in energy migration within biological and artificial multichromophoric antenna systems is the subject of an intense debate. It is also a practical matter because of the decisive implications for understanding the biological processes and engineering artificial materials for solar energy harvesting. A supramolecular rhodamine heterodimer on a DNA scaffold was suitably engineered to mimic the basic donor-acceptor unit of light-harvesting antennas. Ultrafast 2D electronic spectroscopic measurements allowed identifying clear features attributable to a coherent superposition of dimer electronic and vibrational states contributing to the coherent electronic charge beating between the donor and the acceptor. The frequency of electronic charge beating is found to be 970 cm-1 (34 fs) and can be observed for 150 fs. Through the support of high level ab initio TD-DFT computations of the entire dimer, we established that the vibrational modes preferentially optically accessed do not drive subsequent coupling between the electronic states on the 600 fs of the experiment. It was thereby possible to characterize the time scales of the early time femtosecond dynamics of the electronic coherence built by the optical excitation in a large rigid supramolecular system at a room temperature in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cipolloni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - B Fresch
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy. and Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - I Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - P Rukin
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - K G Komarova
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - A Cecconello
- The Institute of Chemistry, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - I Willner
- The Institute of Chemistry, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - R D Levine
- The Institute of Chemistry, Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - F Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Aout 11, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - E Collini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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36
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Zhu W, Wang R, Zhang C, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhao W, Dai X, Wang X, Cerullo G, Cundiff S, Xiao M. Broadband two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy in an actively phase stabilized pump-probe configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21115-21126. [PMID: 29041519 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a novel configuration for two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) that combines the partially collinear pump-probe geometry with active phase locking. We demonstrate the method on a solution sample of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals by employing two non-collinear optical parametric amplifiers as the pump and probe sources. The two collinear pump pulse replicas are created using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer phase stabilized by active feedback electronics. Taking the advantage of separated paths of the two pump pulses in the interferometer, we improve the signal-to-noise ratio with double modulation of the individual pump beams. In addition, a quartz wedge pair manipulates the phase difference between the two pump pulses, enabling the recovery of the rephasing and non-rephasing signals. Our setup integrates many advantages of available 2DES techniques with robust phase stabilization, ultrafast time resolution, two-color operation, long delay scan, individual polarization manipulation and the ease of implementation.
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37
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Paleček D, Edlund P, Westenhoff S, Zigmantas D. Quantum coherence as a witness of vibronically hot energy transfer in bacterial reaction center. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1603141. [PMID: 28913419 PMCID: PMC5587020 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1603141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic proteins have evolved over billions of years so as to undergo optimal energy transfer to the sites of charge separation. On the basis of spectroscopically detected quantum coherences, it has been suggested that this energy transfer is partially wavelike. This conclusion depends critically on the assignment of the coherences to the evolution of excitonic superpositions. We demonstrate that, for a bacterial reaction center protein, long-lived coherent spectroscopic oscillations, which bear canonical signatures of excitonic superpositions, are essentially vibrational excited-state coherences shifted to the ground state of the chromophores. We show that the appearance of these coherences arises from a release of electronic energy during energy transfer. Our results establish how energy migrates on vibrationally hot chromophores in the reaction center, and they call for a reexamination of claims of quantum energy transfer in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Paleček
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemical Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, CZ-121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Edlund
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Westenhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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38
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Son M, Mosquera-Vázquez S, Schlau-Cohen GS. Ultrabroadband 2D electronic spectroscopy with high-speed, shot-to-shot detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:18950-18962. [PMID: 29041086 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.018950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) is an incisive tool for disentangling excited state energies and dynamics in the condensed phase by directly mapping out the correlation between excitation and emission frequencies as a function of time. Despite its enhanced frequency resolution, the spectral window of detection is limited to the laser bandwidth, which has often hindered the visualization of full electronic energy relaxation pathways spread over the entire visible region. Here, we describe a high-sensitivity, ultrabroadband 2DES apparatus. We report a new combination of a simple and robust setup for increased spectral bandwidth and shot-to-shot detection. We utilize 8-fs supercontinuum pulses generated by gas filamentation spanning the entire visible region (450 - 800 nm), which allows for a simultaneous interrogation of electronic transitions over a 200-nm bandwidth, and an all-reflective interferometric delay system with angled nanopositioner stages achieves interferometric precision in coherence time control without introducing wavelength-dependent dispersion to the ultrabroadband spectrum. To address deterioration of detection sensitivity due to the inherent instability of ultrabroadband sources, we introduce a 5-kHz shot-to-shot, dual chopping acquisition scheme by combining a high-speed line-scan camera and two optical choppers to remove scatter contributions from the signal. Comparison of 2D spectra acquired by shot-to-shot detection and averaged detection shows a 15-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. This is the first direct quantification of detection sensitivity on a filamentation-based ultrabroadband 2DES apparatus.
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39
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Ultrafast coherence transfer in DNA-templated silver nanoclusters. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15577. [PMID: 28548085 PMCID: PMC5493596 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-templated silver nanoclusters of a few tens of atoms or less have come into prominence over the last several years due to very strong absorption and efficient emission. Applications in microscopy and sensing have already been realized, however little is known about the excited-state structure and dynamics in these clusters. Here we report on a multidimensional spectroscopy investigation of the energy-level structure and the early-time relaxation cascade, which eventually results in the population of an emitting state. We find that the ultrafast intramolecular relaxation is strongly coupled to a specific vibrational mode, resulting in the concerted transfer of population and coherence between excited states on a sub-100 fs timescale. DNA-templated silver nanoclusters possess desirable optical properties, but their excited state dynamics remain poorly understood. Here the authors show that intracluster relaxations in such clusters are strongly coupled to a vibrational mode, resulting in ultrafast concerted transfer of population and coherence between excited states.
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40
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Butkus V, Alster J, Bašinskaitė E, Augulis RN, Neuhaus P, Valkunas L, Anderson HL, Abramavicius D, Zigmantas D. Discrimination of Diverse Coherences Allows Identification of Electronic Transitions of a Molecular Nanoring. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2344-2349. [PMID: 28493708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of quantum coherence in photochemical functions of molecular systems such as photosynthetic complexes is a broadly debated topic. Coexistence and intermixing of electronic and vibrational coherences has been proposed to be responsible for the observed long-lived coherences and high energy transfer efficiency. However, clear experimental evidence of coherences with different origins operating at the same time has been elusive. In this work, multidimensional spectra obtained from a six-porphyrin nanoring system are analyzed in detail with support from theoretical modeling. We uncover a great diversity of separable electronic, vibrational, and mixed coherences and show their cooperation in shaping the spectroscopic response. The results permit direct assignment of electronic and vibronic states and characterization of the excitation dynamics. The clear disentanglement of coherences in molecules with extended π-conjugation opens up new avenues for exploring coherent phenomena and understanding their importance for the function of complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Butkus
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Avenue 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Avenue 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jan Alster
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Eglė Bašinskaitė
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Avenue 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramu Nas Augulis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Avenue 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Neuhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Leonas Valkunas
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Avenue 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology , Sauletekio Avenue 3, 10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Harry L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory , Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Darius Abramavicius
- Department of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University , Sauletekio Avenue 9-III, 10222 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University , P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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41
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Dall'Osto L, Cazzaniga S, Bressan M, Paleček D, Židek K, Niyogi KK, Fleming GR, Zigmantas D, Bassi R. Two mechanisms for dissipation of excess light in monomeric and trimeric light-harvesting complexes. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17033. [PMID: 28394312 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxygenic photoautotrophs require mechanisms for rapidly matching the level of chlorophyll excited states from light harvesting with the rate of electron transport from water to carbon dioxide. These photoprotective reactions prevent formation of reactive excited states and photoinhibition. The fastest response to excess illumination is the so-called non-photochemical quenching which, in higher plants, requires the luminal pH sensor PsbS and other yet unidentified components of the photosystem II antenna. Both trimeric light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) and monomeric LHC proteins have been indicated as site(s) of the heat-dissipative reactions. Different mechanisms have been proposed: energy transfer to a lutein quencher in trimers, formation of a zeaxanthin radical cation in monomers. Here, we report on the construction of a mutant lacking all monomeric LHC proteins but retaining LHCII trimers. Its non-photochemical quenching induction rate was substantially slower with respect to the wild type. A carotenoid radical cation signal was detected in the wild type, although it was lost in the mutant. We conclude that non-photochemical quenching is catalysed by two independent mechanisms, with the fastest activated response catalysed within monomeric LHC proteins depending on both zeaxanthin and lutein and on the formation of a radical cation. Trimeric LHCII was responsible for the slowly activated quenching component whereas inclusion in supercomplexes was not required. This latter activity does not depend on lutein nor on charge transfer events, whereas zeaxanthin was essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dall'Osto
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Bressan
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - David Paleček
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Lund S-22241, Sweden
| | - Karel Židek
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Lund S-22241, Sweden
| | - Krishna K Niyogi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3102, California, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, USA
| | - Graham R Fleming
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, USA
- Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hildebrand B77, University of California, Berkeley 94720-1460, California, USA
| | - Donatas Zigmantas
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Getingevägen 60, Lund S-22241, Sweden
| | - Roberto Bassi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante (IPP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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42
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Meng Q, Zhang Y, Yan TM, Jiang YH. Post-processing phase-correction algorithm in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6644-6652. [PMID: 28381009 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a typical two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) experiment, the timing errors of the coherence and emission time when determining the absolute time zeros usually introduce extraneous spectral phase slopes and distort the 2D spectrum. In this work, a phase-correction method that merely relies on the data post-processing algorithm is proposed. The method allows reconstructing the spectrum by simply subtracting the artificial linear spectral-phase slopes from the phase component of the 2D spectrum along both coherence and emission frequency axes. The new method has the advantages of ease of implementation and no need for the supplementary experiments and iterative fitting algorithm as commonly-used phasing methods, which may improve the phasing issue in 2DES and serve as a cross-check of now available phasing methods.
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43
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Volpato A, Bolzonello L, Meneghin E, Collini E. Global analysis of coherence and population dynamics in 2D electronic spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:24773-24785. [PMID: 27828197 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.024773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
2D electronic spectroscopy is a widely exploited tool to study excited state dynamics. A high density of information is enclosed in 2D spectra. A crucial challenge is to objectively disentangle all the features of the third order optical signal. We propose a global analysis method based on the variable projection algorithm, which is able to reproduce simultaneously coherence and population dynamics of rephasing and non-rephasing contributions. Test measures at room temperature on a standard dye are used to validate the procedure and to discuss the advantages of the proposed methodology with respect to the currently employed analysis procedures.
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44
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Dostál J, Benešová B, Brixner T. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy can fully characterize the population transfer in molecular systems. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:124312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4962577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dostál
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Barbora Benešová
- Institut für Mathematik, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 40, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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45
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Ma X, Dostál J, Brixner T. Broadband 7-fs diffractive-optic-based 2D electronic spectroscopy using hollow-core fiber compression. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20781-91. [PMID: 27607681 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate noncollinear coherent two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy for which broadband pulses are generated in an argon-filled hollow-core fiber pumped by a 1-kHz Ti:Sapphire laser. Compression is achieved to 7 fs duration (TG-FROG) using dispersive mirrors. The hollow fiber provides a clean spatial profile and smooth spectral shape in the 500-700 nm region. The diffractive-optic-based design of the 2D spectrometer avoids directional filtering distortions and temporal broadening from time smearing. For demonstration we record data of cresyl-violet perchlorate in ethanol and use phasing to obtain broadband absorptive 2D spectra. The resulting quantum beating as a function of population time is consistent with literature data.
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46
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Gellen TA, Bizimana LA, Carbery WP, Breen I, Turner DB. Ultrabroadband two-quantum two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias A. Gellen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Laurie A. Bizimana
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - William P. Carbery
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Ilana Breen
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Daniel B. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, New York 10003, USA
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47
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Guo L, Monahan DM, Fleming G. Rapid and economical data acquisition in ultrafast frequency-resolved spectroscopy using choppers and a microcontroller. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:18126-18132. [PMID: 27505778 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.018126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spectrometers and cameras are used in ultrafast spectroscopy to achieve high resolution in both time and frequency domains. Frequency-resolved signals from the camera pixels cannot be processed by common lock-in amplifiers, which have only a limited number of input channels. Here we demonstrate a rapid and economical method that achieves the function of a lock-in amplifier using mechanical choppers and a programmable microcontroller. We demonstrate the method's effectiveness by performing a frequency-resolved pump-probe measurement on the dye Nile Blue in solution.
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48
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Jarvis TW. Extending lock-in methods: term isolation detection of nonlinear signals. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:5846-5854. [PMID: 27505362 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.005846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We show that components of a nonlinear signal can be measured using phase-sensitive detection at unconventional demodulation frequencies, allowing us to isolate individual terms from the signal. To demonstrate this technique, autocorrelation measurements of an ultrafast pulsed laser were performed using two-photon absorption. In this example, the isolation of individual autocorrelation terms may provide internal consistency checks to improve the precision and accuracy of pulse characterization. More generally, this scheme can be extended to a range of nonlinear measurements. As a demonstration, we analyze a three-photon autocorrelation model, showing that many nonlinear signals can be studied with this method. We anticipate that term isolation detection will find application in a broad range of experiments, such as multidimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy or coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.
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49
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Dahlberg PD, Norris GJ, Wang C, Viswanathan S, Singh VP, Engel GS. Communication: Coherences observed in vivo in photosynthetic bacteria using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016; 143:101101. [PMID: 26373989 DOI: 10.1063/1.4930539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer through large disordered antenna networks in photosynthetic organisms can occur with a quantum efficiency of nearly 100%. This energy transfer is facilitated by the electronic structure of the photosynthetic antennae as well as interactions between electronic states and the surrounding environment. Coherences in time-domain spectroscopy provide a fine probe of how a system interacts with its surroundings. In two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, coherences can appear on both the ground and excited state surfaces revealing detailed information regarding electronic structure, system-bath coupling, energy transfer, and energetic coupling in complex chemical systems. Numerous studies have revealed coherences in isolated photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes, but these coherences have not been observed in vivo due to the small amplitude of these signals and the intense scatter from whole cells. Here, we present data acquired using ultrafast video-acquisition gradient-assisted photon echo spectroscopy to observe quantum beating signals from coherences in vivo. Experiments were conducted on isolated light harvesting complex II (LH2) from Rhodobacter sphaeroides, whole cells of R. sphaeroides, and whole cells of R. sphaeroides grown in 30% deuterated media. A vibronic coherence was observed following laser excitation at ambient temperature between the B850 and the B850(∗) states of LH2 in each of the 3 samples with a lifetime of ∼40-60 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Dahlberg
- Graduate Program in the Biophysical Sciences, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Graham J Norris
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Subha Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ved P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gregory S Engel
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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50
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In situ mapping of the energy flow through the entire photosynthetic apparatus. Nat Chem 2016; 8:705-10. [PMID: 27325098 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Absorption of sunlight is the first step in photosynthesis, which provides energy for the vast majority of organisms on Earth. The primary processes of photosynthesis have been studied extensively in isolated light-harvesting complexes and reaction centres, however, to understand fully the way in which organisms capture light it is crucial to also reveal the functional relationships between the individual complexes. Here we report the use of two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to track directly the excitation-energy flow through the entire photosynthetic system of green sulfur bacteria. We unravel the functional organization of individual complexes in the photosynthetic unit and show that, whereas energy is transferred within subunits on a timescale of subpicoseconds to a few picoseconds, across the complexes the energy flows at a timescale of tens of picoseconds. Thus, we demonstrate that the bottleneck of energy transfer is between the constituents.
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