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Abir T, Tal M, Ellenbogen T. Second-Harmonic Enhancement from a Nonlinear Plasmonic Metasurface Coupled to an Optical Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2712-2717. [PMID: 35369689 PMCID: PMC9011386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces are commonly constructed from two-dimensional arrangements of nanoresonators. Coherent coupling of the nanoresonators through extended photonic modes of the metasurface results in a modified collective optical response, and enhances light-matter interactions. Here we experimentally demonstrate that strong collective resonances can arise also from coupling the metasurface to an optical waveguide. We explore the effect this waveguide-assisted collective interaction has on second-harmonic generation from the hybrid system. Our measurements indicate an enhancement factor of 8 for the transmitted second harmonic in comparison to incoherent collective scattering. In addition, complementary simulations predict about a 100-fold enhancement for the second harmonic that remains confined inside the waveguide. The ability to control the hybrid modes by the waveguide's design provides broader control over the formation of the collective interaction and new tools to tailor the nonlinear interactions. Our findings pave a promising direction to realize nonlinear photonic circuits with metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsafrir Abir
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
| | - Mai Tal
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
| | - Tal Ellenbogen
- Department
of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6779801, Israel
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Talebi N, Meuret S, Guo S, Hentschel M, Polman A, Giessen H, van Aken PA. Merging transformation optics with electron-driven photon sources. Nat Commun 2019; 10:599. [PMID: 30723196 PMCID: PMC6363763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Relativistic electron beams create optical radiation when interacting with tailored nanostructures. This phenomenon has been so far used to design grating-based and holographic electron-driven photon sources. It has been proposed recently that such sources can be used for hybrid electron- and light-based spectroscopy techniques. However, this demands the design of a thin-film source suitable for electron-microscopy applications. Here, we present a mesoscopic structure composed of an array of nanoscale holes in a gold film which is designed using transformation optics and delivers ultrashort chirped electromagnetic wave packets upon 30-200 keV electron irradiation. The femtosecond photon bunches result from coherent scattering of surface plasmon polaritons with hyperbolic dispersion. They decay by radiation in a broad spectral band which is focused into a 1.5 micrometer beam waist. The focusing ability and broadband nature of this photon source will initiate applications in ultrafast spectral interferometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Talebi
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany.
| | - Sophie Meuret
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Surong Guo
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Mario Hentschel
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Albert Polman
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, Amsterdam, 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Giessen
- 4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Peter A van Aken
- Stuttgart Center for Electron Microscopy, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstr. 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
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Ning T, Hyvärinen O, Pietarinen H, Kaplas T, Kauranen M, Genty G. Third-harmonic UV generation in silicon nitride nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:2012-2017. [PMID: 23389182 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on strong UV third-harmonic generation from silicon nitride films and resonant waveguide gratings. We determine the absolute value of third-order susceptibility of silicon nitride at wavelength of 1064 nm to be χ(³) (-3ω,ω,ω,ω) = (2.8 ± 0.6) × 10⁻²⁰m²/V², which is two orders of magnitude larger than that of fused silica. The third-harmonic generation is further enhanced by a factor of 2000 by fabricating a resonant waveguide grating onto a silicon nitride film. Our results extend the operating range of CMOS-compatible nonlinear materials to the UV spectral regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyin Ning
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P. O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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