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Paik SH, Lee SH, Kim JH, Kang SY, Phillips V Z, Choi Y, Kim BM. Multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy brain imaging system for small animals in mobile conditions. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:025013. [PMID: 34179215 PMCID: PMC8230091 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.2.025013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: We propose a customized animal-specific head cap and an near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system to obtain NIRS signals in mobile small animals. NIRS studies in mobile small animals provide a feasible solution for comprehensive brain function studies. Aim: We aim to develop and validate a multichannel NIRS system capable of performing functional brain imaging along with a closed-box stimulation kit for small animals in mobile conditions. Approach: The customized NIRS system uses light-weight long optical fibers, along with a customized light-weight head cap to securely attach the optical fibers to the mouse. A customized stimulation box was designed to perform various stimuli in a controlled environment. The system performance was tested in a visual stimulation task on eight anesthetized mice and eight freely moving mice. Results: Following the visual stimulation task, we observed a significant stimulation-related oxyhemoglobin (HbO) increase in the visual cortex of freely moving mice during the task. In contrast, HbO concentration did not change significantly in the visual cortex of anesthetized mice. Conclusions: We demonstrate the feasibility of a wearable, multichannel NIRS system for small animals in a less confined experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Paik
- Korea University, College of Health Science, Global Health Technology Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- KLIEN Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Lee
- Korea University, College of Health Science, Global Health Technology Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kang
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zephaniah Phillips V
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Korea University, Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Paik SH, Erdogan S, Phillips V Z, Kim YK, Song KI, Park SE, Choi Y, Youn I, Kim BM. Hemodynamic correlation imaging of the mouse brain for application in unilateral neurodegenerative diseases. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1736-1749. [PMID: 31086700 PMCID: PMC6485007 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed a single-camera two-channel hemodynamic imaging system that uses near-infrared light to monitor the mouse brain in vivo with an exposed, un-thinned, and intact skull to explore the effect of Parkinson's disease on the resting state functional connectivity of the brain. To demonstrate our system's ability to monitor cerebral hemodynamics, we first performed direct electrical stimulation of an anesthetized healthy mouse brain and detected hemodynamic changes localized to the stimulated area. Subsequently, we developed a unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine (hemi-parkinsonian) mouse model and detected the differences in functional connectivity between the normal and hemi-parkinsonian mouse brains by comparing the hemispheric hemodynamic correlations during the resting state. Seed-based correlation for the oxy-hemoglobin channel from the left and right hemispheres of healthy mice was much higher and more symmetric than in hemi-parkinsonian mice. Through a k-means clustering of the hemodynamic signals, the healthy mouse brains were segmented according to brain region, but the hemi-parkinsonian mice did not show a similar segmentation. Overall, this study highlights the development of a spatial multiplexing hemodynamic imaging system that reveals the resting state hemodynamic connectivity in healthy and hemi-parkinsonian mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ho Paik
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Co-first authors
| | - Sedef Erdogan
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Co-first authors
| | - Zephaniah Phillips V
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kang-Il Song
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hwarangno14-gil5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Sunghee Estelle Park
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hwarangno14-gil5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Youngwoon Choi
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Inchan Youn
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hwarangno14-gil5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Korea University, Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
- Co-corresponding authors
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Hong KS, Zafar A. Existence of Initial Dip for BCI: An Illusion or Reality. Front Neurorobot 2018; 12:69. [PMID: 30416440 PMCID: PMC6212489 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A tight coupling between the neuronal activity and the cerebral blood flow (CBF) is the motivation of many hemodynamic response (HR)-based neuroimaging modalities. The increase in neuronal activity causes the increase in CBF that is indirectly measured by HR modalities. Upon functional stimulation, the HR is mainly categorized in three durations: (i) initial dip, (ii) conventional HR (i.e., positive increase in HR caused by an increase in the CBF), and (iii) undershoot. The initial dip is a change in oxygenation prior to any subsequent increase in CBF and spatially more specific to the site of neuronal activity. Despite additional evidence from various HR modalities on the presence of initial dip in human and animal species (i.e., cat, rat, and monkey); the existence/occurrence of an initial dip in HR is still under debate. This article reviews the existence and elusive nature of the initial dip duration of HR in intrinsic signal optical imaging (ISOI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The advent of initial dip and its elusiveness factors in ISOI and fMRI studies are briefly discussed. Furthermore, the detection of initial dip and its role in brain-computer interface using fNIRS is examined in detail. The best possible application for the initial dip utilization and its future implications using fNIRS are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keum-Shik Hong
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Amad Zafar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Han CH, Hwang HJ, Lim JH, Im CH. Assessment of user voluntary engagement during neurorehabilitation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:27. [PMID: 29566710 PMCID: PMC5865332 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) finds extended applications in a variety of neuroscience fields. We investigated the potential of fNIRS to monitor voluntary engagement of users during neurorehabilitation, especially during combinatory exercise (CE) that simultaneously uses both, passive and active exercises. Although the CE approach can enhance neurorehabilitation outcome, compared to the conventional passive or active exercise strategies, the active engagement of patients in active motor movements during CE is not known. METHODS We determined hemodynamic responses induced by passive exercise and CE to evaluate the active involvement of users during CEs using fNIRS. In this preliminary study, hemodynamic responses of eight healthy subjects during three different tasks (passive exercise alone, passive exercise with motor imagery, and passive exercise with active motor execution) were recorded. On obtaining statistically significant differences, we classified the hemodynamic responses induced by passive exercise and CEs to determine the identification accuracy of the voluntary engagement of users using fNIRS. RESULTS Stronger and broader activation around the sensorimotor cortex was observed during CEs, compared to that during passive exercise. Moreover, pattern classification results revealed more than 80% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study demonstrated that fNIRS can be potentially used to assess the engagement of users of the combinatory neurorehabilitation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Han-Jeong Hwang
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Gumi, 38530, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Kim E, Anguluan E, Kim JG. Monitoring cerebral hemodynamic change during transcranial ultrasound stimulation using optical intrinsic signal imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13148. [PMID: 29030623 PMCID: PMC5640689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (tUS) is a promising non-invasive approach to modulate brain circuits. The application is gaining popularity, however the full effect of ultrasound stimulation is still unclear and further investigation is needed. This study aims to apply optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI) for the first time, to simultaneously monitor the wide-field cerebral hemodynamic change during tUS on awake animal with high spatial and temporal resolution. Three stimulation paradigms were delivered using a single-element focused transducer operating at 425 kHz in pulsed mode having the same intensity (ISPPA = 1.84 W/cm2, ISPTA = 129 mW/cm2) but varying pulse repetition frequencies (PRF). The results indicate a concurrent hemodynamic change occurring with all actual tUS but not under a sham stimulation. The stimulation initiated the increase of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) and decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin (RHb). A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found in the amplitude change of hemodynamics evoked by varying PRF. Moreover, the acoustic stimulation was able to trigger a global as well as local cerebral hemodynamic alteration in the mouse cortex. Thus, the implementation of OISI offers the possibility of directly investigating brain response in an awake animal during tUS through cerebral hemodynamic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Eloise Anguluan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Jae Gwan Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
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Kim HY, Seo K, Jeon HJ, Lee U, Lee H. Application of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to the Study of Brain Function in Humans and Animal Models. Mol Cells 2017; 40:523-532. [PMID: 28835022 PMCID: PMC5582298 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive optical imaging technique that indirectly assesses neuronal activity by measuring changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in tissues using near-infrared light. fNIRS has been used not only to investigate cortical activity in healthy human subjects and animals but also to reveal abnormalities in brain function in patients suffering from neurological and psychiatric disorders and in animals that exhibit disease conditions. Because of its safety, quietness, resistance to motion artifacts, and portability, fNIRS has become a tool to complement conventional imaging techniques in measuring hemodynamic responses while a subject performs diverse cognitive and behavioral tasks in test settings that are more ecologically relevant and involve social interaction. In this review, we introduce the basic principles of fNIRS and discuss the application of this technique in human and animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak Yeong Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Kain Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
| | - Hong Jin Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul 06351,
Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hallym University, Kangwon 24252,
Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988,
Korea
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Sim J, Jo A, Kang BM, Lee S, Bang OY, Heo C, Jhon GJ, Lee Y, Suh M. Cerebral Hemodynamics and Vascular Reactivity in Mild and Severe Ischemic Rodent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Stroke Models. Exp Neurobiol 2016; 25:130-8. [PMID: 27358581 PMCID: PMC4923357 DOI: 10.5607/en.2016.25.3.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia can cause decreased cerebral neurovascular coupling, leading to a failure in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying degrees of ischemia on cerebral hemodynamic reactivity using in vivo real-time optical imaging. We utilized direct cortical stimulation to elicit hyper-excitable neuronal activation, which leads to induced hemodynamic changes in both the normal and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic stroke groups. Hemodynamic measurements from optical imaging accurately predict the severity of occlusion in mild and severe MCAO animals. There is neither an increase in cerebral blood volume nor in vessel reactivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere (I.H) of animals with severe MCAO. The pial artery in the contralateral hemisphere (C.H) of the severe MCAO group reacted more slowly than both hemispheres in the normal and mild MCAO groups. In addition, the arterial reactivity of the I.H in the mild MCAO animals was faster than the normal animals. Furthermore, artery reactivity is tightly correlated with histological and behavioral results in the MCAO ischemic group. Thus, in vivo optical imaging may offer a simple and useful tool to assess the degree of ischemia and to understand how cerebral hemodynamics and vascular reactivity are affected by ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Sim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Areum Jo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Bok-Man Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Oh Young Bang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Gil-Ja Jhon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Youngmi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Korea.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Lantz CL, Sipe GO, Wong EL, Majewska AK, Medina AE. Effects of Developmental Alcohol Exposure on Potentiation and Depression of Visual Cortex Responses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1434-42. [PMID: 26108422 PMCID: PMC4515209 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal plasticity deficits are thought to underlie abnormal neurodevelopment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in animal models of this condition. Previously, we found that alcohol exposure during a period that is similar to the last months of gestation in humans disrupts ocular dominance plasticity (ODP), as measured in superficial cortical layers. We hypothesize that exposure to alcohol can differentially affect the potentiation and depression of responses that are necessary for activity-dependent sprouting and pruning of neuronal networks. ODP is an established paradigm that allows the assessment of activity-dependent depression and potentiation of responses in vivo. METHODS Mouse pups were exposed to 3.6 to 5 g/kg of ethanol in saline daily or every other day between postnatal days 4 and 9. Visual cortex plasticity was then assessed during the critical period for ODP using 2 techniques that separately record in layers 4 (visually evoked potentials [VEPs]) and 2/3 (optical imaging of intrinsic signals [OI]). RESULTS We discovered a layer-specific effect of early alcohol exposure. Recording of VEPs from layer 4 showed that while the potentiation component of ODP was disrupted in animals treated with alcohol when compared with saline controls, the depression component of ODP (Dc-ODP) was unaltered. In contrast, OI from layers 2/3 showed that Dc-ODP was markedly disrupted in alcohol-treated animals when compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Combined with our previous work, these findings strongly suggest that developmental alcohol exposure has a distinct and layer-specific effect on the potentiation and depression of cortical responses after monocular deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Lantz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Grayson O Sipe
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Elissa L Wong
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alexandre E Medina
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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Park SS, Hong M, Ha Y, Sim J, Jhon GJ, Lee Y, Suh M. The real-time in vivo electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide release upon direct epidural electrical stimulation of the rat neocortex. Analyst 2015; 140:3415-21. [PMID: 25751504 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study reports real-time, in vivo functional measurement of nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), two gaseous mediators in controlling cerebral blood flow. A dual electrochemical NO/CO microsensor enables us to probe the complex relationship between NO and CO in regulating cerebrovascular tone. Utilizing this dual sensor, we monitor in vivo change of NO and CO simultaneously during direct epidural electrical stimulation of a living rat brain cortex. Both NO and CO respond quickly to meet physiological needs. The neural system instantaneously increases the released amounts of NO and CO to compensate the abrupt, yet transient hypoxia that results from epidural electrical stimulation. Intrinsic-signal optical imaging confirms that direct electrical stimulation elicits robust, dynamic changes in cerebral blood flow, which must accompany NO and CO signaling. The addition of l-arginine (a substrate for NO synthase, NOS) results in increased NO generation and decreased CO production compared to control stimulation. On the other hand, application of the NOS inhibitor, l-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (l-NAME), results in decreased NO release but increased CO production of greater magnitude. This observation suggests that the interaction between NO and CO release is likely not linear and yet, they are tightly linked vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Park
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Jo A, Heo C, Schwartz TH, Suh M. Nanoscale intracortical iron injection induces chronic epilepsy in rodent. J Neurosci Res 2013; 92:389-97. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Jo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research; Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research; Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
| | - Theodore H. Schwartz
- Department of Neurological Surgery; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York Presbyterian Hospital; New York New York
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research; Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 440-746 Republic of Korea
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