1
|
Kameyama R, Tanaka S, Murotani Y, Matsuda T, Kanda N, Matsunaga R, Yoshinobu J. Ultra-broadband detection of coherent infrared pulses by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:3978-3981. [PMID: 39008755 DOI: 10.1364/ol.530328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
We have newly developed, to the best of our knowledge, a detection method for broadband infrared pulses based on sum-frequency generation spectroscopy in reflection geometry, which can avoid a restriction of the detection bandwidth originating from the phase mismatch that is inevitable for the upconversion in transmission geometry. Using a GaAs crystal, we successfully demonstrated the ultra-broadband detection of the infrared pulses generated from a two-color laser-induced air plasma filament in a region from 300 to 3300 cm-1. With the advantage of ultra-short infrared pulses, the present detection method holds promise for application to time-resolved, ultra-broadband vibrational spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
2
|
Tolentino Collado J, Bodis E, Pasitka J, Szucs M, Fekete Z, Kis-Bicskei N, Telek E, Pozsonyi K, Kapetanaki SM, Greetham G, Tonge PJ, Meech SR, Lukacs A. Single Amino Acid Mutation Decouples Photochemistry of the BLUF Domain from the Enzymatic Function of OaPAC and Drives the Enzyme to a Switched-on State. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168312. [PMID: 37827329 PMCID: PMC11256462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivated adenylate cyclases (PACs) are light-activated enzymes that combine a BLUF (blue-light using flavin) domain and an adenylate cyclase domain that are able to increase the levels of the important second messenger cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) upon blue-light excitation. The light-induced changes in the BLUF domain are transduced to the adenylate cyclase domain via a mechanism that has not yet been established. One critical residue in the photoactivation mechanism of BLUF domains, present in the vicinity of the flavin is the glutamine amino acid close to the N5 of the flavin. The role of this residue has been investigated extensively both experimentally and theoretically. However, its role in the activity of the photoactivated adenylate cyclase, OaPAC has never been addressed. In this work, we applied ultrafast transient visible and infrared spectroscopies to study the photochemistry of the Q48E OaPAC mutant. This mutation altered the primary electron transfer process and switched the enzyme into a permanent 'on' state, able to increase the cAMP levels under dark conditions compared to the cAMP levels of the dark-adapted state of the wild-type OaPAC. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements point to a less compact structure for the Q48E OaPAC mutant. The ensemble of these findings provide insight into the important elements in PACs and how their fine tuning may help in the design of optogenetic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emoke Bodis
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Jonatan Pasitka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Mihaly Szucs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Kis-Bicskei
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kinga Pozsonyi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Sofia M Kapetanaki
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Greg Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, United States.
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Andras Lukacs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti str. 12, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jonušas M, Bournet Q, Bonvalet A, Natile M, Guichard F, Zaouter Y, Georges P, Druon F, Hanna M, Joffre M. Chirped pulse upconversion for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy at 100 kHz. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8020-8029. [PMID: 38439469 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that chirped pulse up-conversion (CPU), a method routinely used with systems based on 1-kHz Titanium:Sapphire lasers, can be extended to a repetition rate of 100 kHz with an Ytterbium diode-pumped femtosecond amplifier. Individual mid-infrared spectra can thus be measured directly in the near infrared using a fast CMOS linescan camera. After an appropriate Fourier processing, a spectral resolution of 1.1 cm-1 is reported, currently limited by our spectrometer. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of CPU to a pump-probe measurement of the vibrational relaxation in carboxy-hemoglobin, and we show that the combination of fast scanning and fast acquisition enables a straightforward removal of pump scattering interference.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Y, Kusama S, Furutani Y, Huang WH, Luo CW, Fuji T. High-speed scanless entire bandwidth mid-infrared chemical imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3929. [PMID: 37402722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy probes molecular vibrations to identify chemical species and functional groups. Therefore, mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging is one of the most powerful and promising candidates for chemical imaging using optical methods. Yet high-speed and entire bandwidth mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging has not been realized. Here we report a mid-infrared hyperspectral chemical imaging technique that uses chirped pulse upconversion of sub-cycle pulses at the image plane. This technique offers a lateral resolution of 15 µm, and the field of view is adjustable between 800 µm × 600 µm to 12 mm × 9 mm. The hyperspectral imaging produces a 640 × 480 pixel image in 8 s, which covers a spectral range of 640-3015 cm-1, comprising 1069 wavelength points and offering a wavenumber resolution of 2.6-3.7 cm-1. For discrete frequency mid-infrared imaging, the measurement speed reaches a frame rate of 5 kHz, the repetition rate of the laser. As a demonstration, we effectively identified and mapped different components in a microfluidic device, plant cell, and mouse embryo section. The great capacity and latent force of this technique in chemical imaging promise to be applied to many fields such as chemical analysis, biology, and medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
- Graduate School of Engineering College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
| | - Shota Kusama
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan
| | - Yuji Furutani
- Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
- Optobiotechnology Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
| | - Wei-Hong Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Luo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Takao Fuji
- Laser Science Laboratory, Toyota Technological Institute, 2-12-1 Hisakata, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8511, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Knez D, Toulson BW, Chen A, Ettenberg MH, Nguyen H, Potma EO, Fishman DA. Spectral imaging at high definition and high speed in the mid-infrared. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade4247. [PMID: 36383646 PMCID: PMC9668290 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Spectral imaging in the mid-infrared (MIR) range provides simultaneous morphological and chemical information of a wide variety of samples. However, current MIR technologies struggle to produce high-definition images over a broad spectral range at acquisition rates that are compatible with real-time processes. We present a novel spectral imaging technique based on nondegenerate two-photon absorption of temporally chirped optical MIR pulses. This approach avoids complex image processing or reconstruction and enables high-speed acquisition of spectral data cubes (xyω) at high-pixel density in under a second.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Knez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Toulson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Anabel Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Martin H. Ettenberg
- Princeton Infrared Technologies Inc., 7 Deerpark Dr. Suite E, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA
| | - Hai Nguyen
- Princeton Infrared Technologies Inc., 7 Deerpark Dr. Suite E, Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Dmitry A. Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Basiri A, Rafique MZE, Bai J, Choi S, Yao Y. Ultrafast low-pump fluence all-optical modulation based on graphene-metal hybrid metasurfaces. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:102. [PMID: 35443739 PMCID: PMC9021307 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is an attractive material for all-optical modulation because of its ultrafast optical response and broad spectral coverage. However, all-optical graphene modulators reported so far require high pump fluence due to the ultrashort photo-carrier lifetime and limited absorption in graphene. We present modulator designs based on graphene-metal hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces with highly enhanced light-graphene interaction in the nanoscale hot spots at pump and probe (signal) wavelengths. Based on this design concept, we have demonstrated high-speed all-optical modulators at near and mid-infrared wavelengths (1.56 μm and above 6 μm) with significantly reduced pump fluence (1-2 orders of magnitude) and enhanced optical modulation. Ultrafast near-infrared pump-probe measurement results suggest that the modulators' response times are ultimately determined by graphene's ultrafast photocarrier relaxation times on the picosecond scale. The proposed designs hold the promise to address the challenges in the realization of ultrafast all-optical modulators for mid-and far-infrared wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Basiri
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Md Zubair Ebne Rafique
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Shinhyuk Choi
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Time-resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy applied to photoinduced reactions: how and why. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2022; 21:557-584. [DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
8
|
Pirisi K, Nag L, Fekete Z, Iuliano JN, Tolentino Collado J, Clark IP, Pécsi I, Sournia P, Liebl U, Greetham GM, Tonge PJ, Meech SR, Vos MH, Lukacs A. Identification of the vibrational marker of tyrosine cation radical using ultrafast transient infrared spectroscopy of flavoprotein systems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:369-378. [PMID: 33721272 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan and tyrosine radical intermediates play crucial roles in many biological charge transfer processes. Particularly in flavoprotein photochemistry, short-lived reaction intermediates can be studied by the complementary techniques of ultrafast visible and infrared spectroscopy. The spectral properties of tryptophan radical are well established, and the formation of neutral tyrosine radicals has been observed in many biological processes. However, only recently, the formation of a cation tyrosine radical was observed by transient visible spectroscopy in a few systems. Here, we assigned the infrared vibrational markers of the cationic and neutral tyrosine radical at 1483 and 1502 cm-1 (in deuterated buffer), respectively, in a variant of the bacterial methyl transferase TrmFO, and in the native glucose oxidase. In addition, we studied a mutant of AppABLUF blue-light sensor domain from Rhodobacter sphaeroides in which only a direct formation of the neutral radical was observed. Our studies highlight the exquisite sensitivity of transient infrared spectroscopy to low concentrations of specific radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Pirisi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Lipsa Nag
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - James N Iuliano
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | | | - Ian P Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, Oxon, UK
| | - Ildikó Pécsi
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Pierre Sournia
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Ursula Liebl
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, Oxon, UK
| | - Peter J Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - Stephen R Meech
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marten H Vos
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, CNRS, INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
| | - Andras Lukacs
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti Str. 12, 7624, Pecs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nakamura R, Inagaki Y, Kamimura T. Polarization-sensitive femtosecond mid-infrared spectrometer with a tunable Fabry-Perot filter and chirped-pulse upconversion. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:10517-10521. [PMID: 30645404 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.010517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy based on chirped-pulse upconversion is a promising method for observing molecular structure and vibrational dynamics. By using a polarized narrowband pump pulse in which center frequency is rapidly scanned with an electrically tunable Fabry-Perot filter, we have developed a femtosecond MIR spectrometer that is more sensitive to molecular structure. The pump energy and polarization dependences of transient MIR absorption spectra measured with the spectroscopic system revealed the appearance of a dark (infrared-inactive) mode due to a slight decrease in the molecular symmetry of a metal carbonyl complex, Mn2(CO)10, in solution. In addition, the rotational relaxation time of Mn2(CO)10 in solution was determined as approximately 20 ps.
Collapse
|
10
|
Development and Application of Sub-Cycle Mid-Infrared Source Based on Laser Filamentation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7080857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper is a perspective article which summarizes the development and application of sub-cycle mid-infrared (MIR) pulses generated through a laser filament. The generation scheme was published in Applied Sciences in 2013. The spectrum of the MIR pulse spreads from 2 to 50 μ m, corresponding to multiple octaves, and the pulse duration is 6.9 fs, namely, 0.63 times the period of the carrier wavelength, 3.3 μ m. The extremely broadband and highly coherent light source has potential for various applications. The light source has been applied for advanced ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy by several research groups. As another application example, single-shot detection of absorption spectra in the entire MIR range by the use of chirped-pulse upconversion with a gas medium has been demonstrated. Although the measurement of the field oscillation of the sub-cycle MIR pulse was not trivial, the waveform of the sub-cycle pulse has been completely characterized with a newly developed method, frequency-resolved optical gating capable of carrier-envelope phase determination. A particular behavior of the spectral phase of the sub-cycle pulse has been revealed through the waveform characterization.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang J. Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy for molecular structures and dynamics with expanding wavelength range and increasing sensitivities: from experimental and computational perspectives. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1321856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nakamura R, Inagaki Y, Hata H, Hamada N, Umemura N, Kamimura T. Wide-bandgap nonlinear crystal LiGaS 2 for femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9365-9369. [PMID: 27869834 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy based on chirped-pulse upconversion is a promising method for observing molecular vibrational dynamics. A quantitative study on nonlinear media for upconversion is still essential for wide applications, particularly at the frequencies below 2000 cm-1. We evaluate wide-bandgap nonlinear crystals of Li-containing ternary chalcogenides based on their performance as the upconversion medium for femtosecond MIR spectroscopy. The upconversion efficiency is measured as a function of the MIR pulse frequency and the chirped pulse energy. LiGaS2 is found to be an efficient crystal for the upconversion of MIR pulses in a wide frequency range of 1100-2700 cm-1, especially below 2000 cm-1. By using LiGaS2 as an efficient upconversion crystal, we develop a MIR pump-probe spectroscopy system with a spectral resolution of 2.5 cm-1, a time resolution of 0.2 ps, and a probe window of 120 cm-1. Vibrational relaxation dynamics of CO stretching modes of Mn2(CO)10 in cyclohexane and bovine serum albumin in D2O are demonstrated with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ritter E, Puskar L, Bartl FJ, Aziz EF, Hegemann P, Schade U. Time-resolved infrared spectroscopic techniques as applied to channelrhodopsin. Front Mol Biosci 2015. [PMID: 26217670 PMCID: PMC4493399 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Among optogenetic tools, channelrhodopsins, the light gated ion channels of the plasma membrane from green algae, play the most important role. Properties like channel selectivity, timing parameters or color can be influenced by the exchange of selected amino acids. Although widely used, in the field of neurosciences for example, there is still little known about their photocycles and the mechanism of ion channel gating and conductance. One of the preferred methods for these studies is infrared spectroscopy since it allows observation of proteins and their function at a molecular level and in near-native environment. The absorption of a photon in channelrhodopsin leads to retinal isomerization within femtoseconds, the conductive states are reached in the microsecond time scale and the return into the fully dark-adapted state may take more than minutes. To be able to cover all these time regimes, a range of different spectroscopical approaches are necessary. This mini-review focuses on time-resolved applications of the infrared technique to study channelrhodopsins and other light triggered proteins. We will discuss the approaches with respect to their suitability to the investigation of channelrhodopsin and related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eglof Ritter
- Experimentelle Biophysik, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ljiljana Puskar
- Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz J Bartl
- Institut für medizinische Physik und Biophysik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Emad F Aziz
- Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin, Germany ; Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hegemann
- Experimentelle Biophysik, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schade
- Methods for Material Development, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shirai H, Duchesne C, Furutani Y, Fuji T. Attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy with chirped-pulse upconversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29611-29616. [PMID: 25606893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chirped-pulse upconversion technique has been applied to attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy. An extremely broadband infrared pulse was sent to an ATR diamond prism and the reflected pulse was converted to the visible by using four-wave mixing in krypton gas. Absorption spectra of liquids in the range from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) were measured with a visible spectrometer on a single-shot basis. The system was applied to observe the dynamics of exchanging process of two solvents, water and acetone, which give clear vibrational spectral contrast. We observed that the exchange was finished within ∼ 10 ms.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ultrafast infrared spectroscopy in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:2-11. [PMID: 24973600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years visible pump/mid-infrared (IR) probe spectroscopy has established itself as a key technology to unravel structure-function relationships underlying the photo-dynamics of complex molecular systems. In this contribution we review the most important applications of mid-infrared absorption difference spectroscopy with sub-picosecond time-resolution to photosynthetic complexes. Considering several examples, such as energy transfer in photosynthetic antennas and electron transfer in reaction centers and even more intact structures, we show that the acquisition of ultrafast time resolved mid-IR spectra has led to new insights into the photo-dynamics of the considered systems and allows establishing a direct link between dynamics and structure, further strengthened by the possibility of investigating the protein response signal to the energy or electron transfer processes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Vibrational spectroscopies and bioenergetic systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lin PT, Kwok SW, Lin HYG, Singh V, Kimerling LC, Whitesides GM, Agarwal A. Mid-infrared spectrometer using opto-nanofluidic slot-waveguide for label-free on-chip chemical sensing. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:231-238. [PMID: 24328355 DOI: 10.1021/nl403817z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrometer for label-free on-chip chemical sensing was developed using an engineered nanofluidic channel consisting of a Si-liquid-Si slot-structure. Utilizing the large refractive index contrast (Δn ∼ 2) between the liquid core of the waveguide and the Si cladding, a broadband mid-IR lightwave can be efficiently guided and confined within a nanofluidic capillary (≤100 nm wide). The optical-field enhancement, together with the direct interaction between the probe light and the analyte, increased the sensitivity for chemical detection by 50 times when compared to evanescent-wave sensing. This spectrometer distinguished several common organic liquids (e.g., n-bromohexane, toluene, isopropanol) accurately and could determine the ratio of chemical species (e.g., acetonitrile and ethanol) at low concentration (<5 μL/mL) in a mixture through spectral scanning over their characteristic absorption peaks in the mid-IR regime. The combination of CMOS-compatible planar mid-IR microphotonics, and a high-throughput nanofluidic sensor system, provides a unique platform for chemical detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pao Tai Lin
- Microphotonics Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Knorr J, Rudolf P, Nuernberger P. A comparative study on chirped-pulse upconversion and direct multichannel MCT detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:30693-30706. [PMID: 24514645 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study is carried out on two spectroscopic techniques employed to detect ultrafast absorption changes in the mid-infrared spectral range, namely direct multichannel detection via HgCdTe (MCT) photodiode arrays and the newly established technique of chirped-pulse up-conversion (CPU). Whereas both methods are meanwhile individually used in a routine manner, we directly juxtapose their applicability in femtosecond pump-probe experiments based on 1 kHz shot-to-shot data acquisition. Additionally, we examine different phase-matching conditions in the CPU scheme for a given mid-infrared spectrum, thereby simultaneously detecting signals which are separated by more than 200 cm(-1).
Collapse
|
18
|
Nomura Y, Wang YT, Kozai T, Shirai H, Yabushita A, Luo CW, Nakanishi S, Fuji T. Single-shot detection of mid-infrared spectra by chirped-pulse upconversion with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:18249-18254. [PMID: 23938695 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.018249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot detection of ultrabroadband mid-infrared spectra was demonstrated by using chirped-pulse upconversion technique with four-wave difference frequency generation in gases. Thanks to the low dispersion of the gas media, the bandwidth of the phase matching condition of the upconversion process becomes very broad and the entire mid-infrared spectrum spanning from 200 to 5500 cm(-1) was upconverted by using a 10 ps chirped pulse to visible wavelength radiation, which was detected with a conventional visible dispersive spectrometer. This method was demonstrated by the successful measurement of infrared absorption spectra of organic polymer films.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Nomura
- Institute for Molecular Science, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rock W, Li YL, Pagano P, Cheatum CM. 2D IR spectroscopy using four-wave mixing, pulse shaping, and IR upconversion: a quantitative comparison. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6073-83. [PMID: 23687988 DOI: 10.1021/jp312817t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological advances have led to major changes in the apparatuses used to collect 2D IR spectra. Pulse shaping offers several advantages including rapid data collection, inherent phase stability, and phase-cycling capabilities. Visible array detection via upconversion allows the use of visible detectors that are cheaper, faster, more sensitive, and less noisy than IR detectors. However, despite these advantages, many researchers are reluctant to implement these technologies. Here we present a quantitative study of the S/N of 2D IR spectra collected with a traditional four-wave mixing (FWM) apparatus, with a pulse shaping apparatus, and with visible detection via upconversion to address the question of whether weak chromophores at low concentrations are still accessible with such an apparatus. We find that the enhanced averaging capability of the pulse shaping apparatus enables the detection of small signals that would be challenging to measure even with the traditional FWM apparatus, and we demonstrate this ability on a sample of cyanylated dihydrofolate reductase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Rock
- Department of Chemistry and Optical Science and Technology Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang X, Nakajima T, Zen H, Kii T, Ohgaki H. Single-shot spectra of temporally selected micropulses from a mid-infrared free-electron laser by upconversion. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:5148-5150. [PMID: 23258034 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.005148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the measurement of single-shot spectra of temporally selected micropulses from a mid-infrared free-electron laser (FEL) by upconversion. We achieve the upconversion of FEL pulses at 11 μm using externally synchronized Nd:YAG or microchip laser pulses at 1064 nm to produce sum-frequency mixing signals at 970 nm, which are detected by a compact CCD spectrometer without an intensifier. Our experimental system is very cost-effective, and allows us to obtain the laser spectra of selected micropulses at any temporal position within a single macropulse from an oscillator-type FEL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Anna JM, Baiz CR, Ross MR, McCanne R, Kubarych KJ. Ultrafast equilibrium and non-equilibrium chemical reaction dynamics probed with multidimensional infrared spectroscopy. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2012.716610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|