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Baillard A, Loiko P, Romero C, Arroyo V, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Fromager M, Benayad A, Braud A, Camy P, Mateos X. Orange surface waveguide laser in Pr:LiYF 4 produced by a femtosecond laser writing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:6212-6215. [PMID: 38039229 DOI: 10.1364/ol.507073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Depressed-cladding surface channel waveguides were inscribed in a 0.5 at.% Pr:LiYF4 crystal by femtosecond Direct Laser Writing. The waveguides consisted of a half-ring cladding (inner diameter: 17 µm) and side structures ("ears") improving the mode confinement. The waveguide propagation loss was as low as 0.14 ± 0.05 dB/cm. The orange waveguide laser operating in the fundamental mode delivered 274 mW at 604.3 nm with 28.4% slope efficiency, a laser threshold of only 29 mW and linear polarization (π), representing record-high performance for orange Pr waveguide lasers.
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2
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Dong X, Zhang B, Sun X, Jia Y, Chen F. 1.8-µm laser operation based on femtosecond-laser direct written Tm:YVO 4 cladding waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:16560-16569. [PMID: 37157732 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we have demonstrated tunable 1.8-µm laser operation based on a Tm:YVO4 cladding waveguide fabricated by means of femtosecond laser direct writing. Benefiting from the good optical confinement of the fabricated waveguide, efficient thulium laser operation, with a maximum slope efficiency of 36%, a minimum lasing threshold of 176.8 mW, and a tunable output wavelength from 1804 to 1830nm, has been achieved in a compact package via adjusting and optimizing the pump and resonant conditions of the waveguide laser design. The lasing performance using output couplers with different reflectivity has been well studied in detail. In particular, due to the good optical confinement and relatively high optical gain of the waveguide design, efficient lasing can be obtained even without using any cavity mirrors, thereby opening up new possibilities for compact and integrated mid-infrared laser sources.
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3
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Khalid M, Usman M, Arshad I. Germanate glass for laser applications in ∼ 2.1 μm spectral region: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13031. [PMID: 36747937 PMCID: PMC9898668 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing landscape of laser applications in ∼ 2 μm spectral region leads to the development of novel transparent media that provide low attenuation solutions for high power laser applications. This includes investigating glassy media such as heavy metal oxides (e.g. tellurite and germanate), fluoride and chalcogenides as an alternative to the most efficient and widely utilized silica glass. This review article discusses the potential of a heavy metal oxide lead-germanate glass (GeO2-PbO-Ga2O3-Na2O) for ∼ 2.1 μm laser applications, with a focus on our contribution to the field. Firstly, a comparative study of commercially available silicates and fluorides with germanate glass is presented to reveal germanate to be a favorable material for 2.1 μm laser applications. Secondly, as our contribution to the field, we present the development of the first ∼ 2.1 μm small cavity single frequency laser action in a Ho3+ doped GPGN glass that verifies its capability for ∼ 2 μm laser applications and beyond.
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Sun X, Sun S, Romero C, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Liu F, Jia Y, Chen F. Femtosecond laser direct writing of depressed cladding waveguides in Nd:YAG with "ear-like" structures: fabrication and laser generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4296-4307. [PMID: 33771012 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-loss depressed cladding waveguide architecture is highly attractive for improving the laser performance of waveguide lasers. We report on the design and fabrication of the "ear-like" waveguide structures formed by a set of parallel tracks in neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) crystal via femtosecond laser writing. The obtained "ear-like" waveguides are with more symmetric mode profiles and lower losses by systematically comparing the guiding properties of two kinds of normal cladding waveguide. Efficient waveguide lasers are realized based on the designed structure in both continuous wave and pulsed regimes. Combined the high-gain from cladding waveguide and special "ear-like" structure, a passively fundamentally Q-switched laser with the narrow pulse width and the high repetition rate has been obtained by using tin diselenide (SnSe2) as saturable absorber.
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5
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Kifle E, Loiko P, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Romero C, Llamas V, Serres JM, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Zhang L, Lin Z, Lin H, Zhang G, Zakharov V, Veniaminov A, Petrov V, Griebner U, Mateos X, Wang L, Chen W. Low-loss fs-laser-written surface waveguide lasers at >2 µm in monoclinic Tm 3+:MgWO 4. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4060-4063. [PMID: 32667354 DOI: 10.1364/ol.395811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface channel waveguides (WGs) based on a half-ring (40-60-µm-diameter) depressed-index cladding (type III) geometry are fabricated in monoclinic Tm3+:MgWO4 by femtosecond (fs) laser writing at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The WGs are characterized by confocal laser microscopy and μ-Raman spectroscopy. A Tm3+:MgWO4 WG laser generates 320 mW at ∼2.02µm with a slope efficiency of 64.4%. The WG emits a transverse single-mode and linear polarization (E||Nm). A remarkable low loss of <0.1dB/cm is measured for the WG. Vibronic laser emission at ∼2.08µm is also achieved.
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Llamas V, Loiko P, Kifle E, Romero C, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Pan Z, Serres JM, Yuan H, Dai X, Cai H, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zakharov V, Veniaminov A, Thouroude R, Laroche M, Gilles H, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Griebner U, Petrov V, Camy P, Mateos X. Ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide lasers in Tm:CALGO with depressed-index cladding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3528-3540. [PMID: 32122019 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Depressed-index buried and surface channel waveguides (type III) are produced in a bulk 3.5 at.% Tm3+:CALGO crystal by femtosecond direct-laser-writing at kHz repetition rate. The waveguides are characterized by confocal microscopy and µ-Raman spectroscopy. Under in-band-pumping at 1679 nm (3H6 → 3F4 transition) by a Raman fiber laser, the buried channel waveguide laser with a circular cladding (diameter: 60 µm) generated a continuous-wave output power of 0.81 W at 1866-1947 nm with a slope efficiency of 71.2% (versus the absorbed pump power) and showed a laser threshold of 200 mW. The waveguide propagation losses were as low as 0.3 ± 0.2 dB/cm. The laser performance under in-band pumping was superior compared pumping at ∼800 nm (3H6 → 3H4 transition), i.e., the convetional pump wavelength. Vibronic laser emission from the WG laser above 2 µm is also achieved. The low-loss behavior, the broadband emission properties and good power scaling capabilities indicate the suitability of Tm3+:CALGO waveguides for mode-locked laser operation at ∼2 µm.
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Guay P, Hébert NB, Michaud-Belleau V, Lancaster DG, Genest J. Methane spectroscopy using a free-running chip-based dual-comb laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4375-4378. [PMID: 31465406 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Absorption lines of methane in the 2ν3 band centered at 1650 nm were measured with a free-running mode-locked dual-comb laser based on a single erbium-doped glass chip. The laser's spectra were broadened up to 1670 nm using amplifiers and highly nonlinear fiber. A comb was used to interrogate the complex transmission spectrum of a methane-filled gas cell with an optical point spacing of 968 MHz and an interferogram (IGM) rate of 27 kHz to yield absorption lines of the R and Q branches. A 1.28 s sequence of IGMs was measured and phase-corrected using a self-sufficient correction algorithm seeded only by the IGMs. The associated transmission spectrum was then compared to HITRAN yielding residuals limited by photodetector nonlinearity.
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Kifle E, Loiko P, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Romero C, Ródenas A, Zakharov V, Veniaminov A, Yu H, Zhang H, Chen Y, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Griebner U, Petrov V, Mateos X. Fs-laser-written thulium waveguide lasers Q-switched by graphene and MoS 2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8745-8755. [PMID: 31052687 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of mid-infrared (~2 µm) high repetition rate (MHz) sub-100 ns pulses in buried thulium-doped monoclinic double tungstate crystalline waveguide lasers using two-dimensional saturable absorber materials, graphene and MoS2. The waveguide (propagation losses of ~1 dB/cm) was micro-fabricated by means of ultrafast femtosecond laser writing. In the continuous-wave regime, the waveguide laser generated 247 mW at 1849.6 nm with a slope efficiency of 48.7%. The laser operated at the fundamental transverse mode with a linearly polarized output. With graphene as a saturable absorber, the pulse characteristics were 88 ns / 18 nJ (duration / energy) at a repetition rate of 1.39 MHz. Even shorter pulses of 66 ns were achieved with MoS2. Graphene and MoS2 are therefore promising for high repetition rate nanosecond Q-switched infrared waveguide lasers.
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Gretzinger T, Gross S, Arriola A, Withford MJ. Towards a photonic mid-infrared nulling interferometer in chalcogenide glass. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8626-8638. [PMID: 31052677 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nulling interferometry enables astronomers to advance beyond the resolving power of ground-based telescopes with the goal of directly detecting exo-planets. By diminishing the overwhelming emission of the host star through destructive interference, radiation from young companions can be observed. The atmospheric transmission window centered around 4 μm wavelength is of particular interest because it has a favorable contrast between star and planet as well as a reduced atmospheric disturbance. For robustness and high stability, it is desirable to employ integrated devices based on optical waveguide technology. Their development is hindered at this wavelength range due to the lack of suitable host materials and compatible fabrication techniques to create low-loss photonic devices. This paper details our work on femtosecond laser direct-written optical waveguides and key components for an on-chip nulling interferometer inside gallium lanthanum sulphur glass. By combining cumulative heating fabrication with the multiscan technique, single-mode optical waveguides with propagation losses as low as 0.22 ± 0.02 dB/cm at 4 μm and polarization-dependent losses of < 0.1 dB/cm were realized. Furthermore, S-bends with negligible bending loss and broadband Y-splitters with 50/50 power division across a 600 nm wavelength window (3.6 - 4.2 μm) and low losses of < 0.5 dB are demonstrated. Directional couplers with an equal splitting ratio complement these main building blocks to create a future compact nulling interferometer with a total projected intrinsic loss of < 1 dB, a value that is sufficient to perform future on-sky experiments in relatively short observation runs on ground-based telescopes.
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Loiko P, Soulard R, Brasse G, Doualan JL, Guichardaz B, Braud A, Tyazhev A, Hideur A, Camy P. Watt-level Tm:LiYF 4 channel waveguide laser produced by diamond saw dicing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24653-24662. [PMID: 30469578 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Low-loss surface channel waveguides with a cross-section of 30 × 30 μm2 are produced by diamond saw dicing of 6.2 at.% Tm3+, 3.5 at.% Gd3+:LiYF4 films grown by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) on (001)-oriented bulk undoped LiYF4 substrates. Pumped by a Ti:Sapphire laser at 783 nm, a continuous-wave Tm:LiYF4 waveguide laser generated 1.30 W at 1880 nm (for π-polarization) with a slope efficiency of 80% with respect to the absorbed pump power. The laser threshold was at 80 mW. The waveguide morphology was studied revealing low roughness (3 ± 2 μm) as expressed by the propagation losses of <0.3 dB/cm. A combination of LPE and diamond saw dicing is a promising technology for multi-watt single-mode channel waveguide lasers and amplifiers.
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Loiko P, Soulard R, Brasse G, Doulan JL, Braud A, Tyazhev A, Hideur A, Camy P. Tm,Ho:LiYF 4 planar waveguide laser at 2.05 μm. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4341-4344. [PMID: 30211859 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first holmium fluoride waveguide laser, to the best of our knowledge, is reported using a 25-μm-thick Gd3+-ion-modified 4.5 at. % Tm3+, 0.5 at. % Ho3+-codoped LiYF4 active layer grown by liquid phase epitaxy on (001)-oriented LiYF4 substrate. Pumped by a Ti:sapphire laser at 797.2 nm, the planar waveguide laser generates 81 mW of continuous-wave (CW) output at ∼2051 nm with a slope efficiency of 24%. Power scaling up to 186 mW at 2051 nm and 2065 nm in quasi-CW regime is demonstrated. The parameters of the Tm3+↔Ho3+ energy transfer are determined. Tm,Ho:LiYF4/LiYF4 epitaxies are promising for waveguide lasers and amplifiers at above 2 μm.
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Khurmi C, Thoday S, Monro TM, Chen G, Lancaster DG. Visible laser emission from a praseodymium-doped fluorozirconate guided-wave chip. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3339-3342. [PMID: 28957099 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report visible continuous-wave laser emission at 636 nm from a praseodymium-doped fluorozirconate glass guided-wave chip laser. This ultra-fast laser inscribed gain chip is demonstrated to be a compact and integrated laser module. The laser module, pumped by 442 nm GaN laser diodes, generates >8 mW lasing output with a beam quality of Mxy2∼1.15×1.1(±0.1). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first visible laser emission from a glass-based waveguide chip laser.
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Room-temperature subnanosecond waveguide lasers in Nd:YVO 4 Q-switched by phase-change VO 2: A comparison with 2D materials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46162. [PMID: 28383017 PMCID: PMC5382777 DOI: 10.1038/srep46162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on room-temperature subnanosecond waveguide laser operation at 1064 nm in a Nd:YVO4 crystal waveguide through Q-switching of phase-change nanomaterial vanadium dioxide (VO2). The unique feature of VO2 nanomaterial from the insulating to metallic phases offers low-saturation-intensity nonlinear absorptions of light for subnanosecond pulse generation. The low-loss waveguide is fabricated by using the femtosecond laser writing with depressed cladding geometry. Under optical pump at 808 nm, efficient pulsed laser has been achieved in the Nd:YVO4 waveguide, reaching minimum pulse duration of 690 ps and maximum output average power of 66.7 mW. To compare the Q-switched laser performances by VO2 saturable absorber with those based on two-dimensional materials, the 1064-nm laser pulses have been realized in the same waveguide platform with either graphene or transition metal dichalcogenide (in this work, WS2) coated mirror. The results on 2D material Q-switched waveguide lasers have shown that the shortest pulses are with 22-ns duration, whilst the maximum output average powers reach ~161.9 mW. This work shows the obvious difference on the lasing properties based on phase-change material and 2D materials, and suggests potential applications of VO2 as low-cost saturable absorber for subnanosecond laser generation.
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Kifle E, Mateos X, de Aldana JRV, Ródenas A, Loiko P, Choi SY, Rotermund F, Griebner U, Petrov V, Aguiló M, Díaz F. Femtosecond-laser-written Tm:KLu(WO 4) 2 waveguide lasers. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1169-1172. [PMID: 28295075 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Depressed-index channel waveguides with a circular and photonic crystal cladding structures are prepared in a bulk monoclinic Tm:KLu(WO4)2 crystal by 3D direct femtosecond laser writing. The channel waveguide structures are characterized and laser operation is achieved using external mirrors. In the continuous-wave mode, the maximum output power of 46 mW is achieved at 1912 nm corresponding to a slope efficiency of 15.2% and a laser threshold of only 21 mW. Passive Q-switching of a waveguide with a circular cladding is realized using single-walled carbon nanotubes. Stable 7 nJ/50 ns pulses are achieved at a repetition rate of 1.48 MHz. This first demonstration of ∼2 μm fs-laser-written waveguide lasers based on monoclinic double tungstates is promising for further lasers of this type doped with Tm3+ and Ho3+ ions.
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Khurmi C, Hébert NB, Zhang WQ, Afshar V S, Chen G, Genest J, Monro TM, Lancaster DG. Ultrafast pulse generation in a mode-locked Erbium chip waveguide laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:27177-27183. [PMID: 27906292 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.027177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report mode-locked ~1550 nm output of transform-limited ~180 fs pulses from a large mode-area (diameter ~50 μm) guided-wave erbium fluorozirconate glass laser. The passively mode-locked oscillator generates pulses with 25 nm bandwidth at 156 MHz repetition rate and peak-power of 260 W. Scalability to higher repetition rate is demonstrated by transform-limited 410 fs pulse output at 1.3 GHz. To understand the origins of the broad spectral output, the laser cavity is simulated by using a numerical solution to the Ginzburg-Landau equation. This paper reports the widest bandwidth and shortest pulses achieved from an ultra-fast laser inscribed waveguide laser.
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Lancaster DG, Stevens VJ, Michaud-Belleau V, Gross S, Fuerbach A, Monro TM. Holmium-doped 2.1 μm waveguide chip laser with an output power > 1 W. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:32664-32670. [PMID: 26699055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.032664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the increasing applicability of compact ultra-fast laser inscribed glass guided-wave lasers and report the highest-power glass waveguide laser with over 1.1 W of output power in monolithic operation in the short-infrared near 2070 nm achieved (51% incident slope efficiency). The holmium doped ZBLAN chip laser is in-band pumped by a 1945 nm thulium fiber laser. When operated in an extended-cavity configuration, over 1 W of output power is realized in a linearly polarized beam. Broad and continuous tunability of the extended-cavity laser is demonstrated from 2004 nm to 2099 nm. Considering its excellent beam quality of M² = 1.08, this laser shows potential as a flexible master oscillator for single frequency and mode-locking applications.
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Dekker P, Ams M, Calmano T, Gross S, Kränkel C, Huber G, Withford MJ. Spectral narrowing of Yb:YAG waveguide lasers through hybrid integration with ultrafast laser written Bragg gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20195-20202. [PMID: 26367676 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser written waveguides in crystalline materials can be used to make highly efficient, high gain lasers. The bi-directional emission from such lasers however is typically broadband with poor spectral control. Hybridizing a tapered, mode matched laser written Bragg grating with a broadband Yb:YAG crystalline waveguide laser, we demonstrate single longitudinal mode output from one end of the device. Careful control of the grating characteristics led to laser thresholds below 90 mW, slope efficiencies greater than 42% and output powers greater than 20 mW.
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Gross S, Jovanovic N, Sharp A, Ireland M, Lawrence J, Withford MJ. Low loss mid-infrared ZBLAN waveguides for future astronomical applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7946-7956. [PMID: 25837132 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Photonic technologies will be at the heart of future terrestrial planet hunting interferometers. In particular the mid-infrared spectral region between 3.5 - 4.2 μm is the ideal window for hunting for young extra-solar planets, since the planet is still hot from its formation and thus offers a favorable contrast with respect to the parent star compared to other spectral regions. This paper demonstrates two basic photonic building blocks of such an instrument, namely single-mode waveguides with propagation losses as low as 0.29±0.03 dB/cm at a wavelength of 4 μm as well as directional couplers with a constant splitting ratio across a broad wavelength band of 500 nm. The devices are based on depressed cladding waveguides inscribed into ZBLAN glass using the femtosecond laser direct-write technique. This demonstration is the first stepping stone towards the realization of a high transmission mid-infrared nulling interferometer.
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CHENG Y, WU Z, HU X, WU T, ZHOU W. Thermal stability and optical properties of a novel Tm3+ doped fluorotellurite glass. J RARE EARTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(14)60197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lancaster DG, Gross S, Withford MJ, Monro TM. Widely tunable short-infrared thulium and holmium doped fluorozirconate waveguide chip lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:25286-25294. [PMID: 25401562 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.025286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report widely tunable (≈ 260 nm) Tm(3+) and Ho(3+) doped fluorozirconate (ZBLAN) glass waveguide extended cavity lasers with close to diffraction limited beam quality (M(2) ≈ 1.3). The waveguides are based on ultrafast laser inscribed depressed claddings. A Ti:sapphire laser pumped Tm(3+)-doped chip laser continuously tunes from 1725 nm to 1975 nm, and a Tm(3+)-sensitized Tm(3+):Ho(3+) chip laser displays tuning across both ions evidenced by a red enhanced tuning range of 1810 to 2053 nm. We also demonstrate a compact 790 nm diode laser pumped Tm(3+)-doped chip laser which tunes from 1750 nm to 1998 nm at a 14% incident slope efficiency, and a beam quality of M(2) ≈ 1.2 for a large mode-area waveguide with 70 µm core diameter.
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Jia Y, Tan Y, Cheng C, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Chen F. Efficient lasing in continuous wave and graphene Q-switched regimes from Nd:YAG ridge waveguides produced by combination of swift heavy ion irradiation and femtosecond laser ablation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12900-12908. [PMID: 24921487 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the continuous wave and passively Q-switched lasers in Nd:YAG ridge waveguides fabricated by a combination of swift Kr ion irradiation and femtosecond laser ablation. Owing to the deep penetration length (~50 μm) of 670 MeV Kr(8+) ions into the crystal, ridge waveguides with large-area cross section, supporting nearly symmetric guiding modes, were produced. Continuous wave lasers with maximum 182 mW output power at ~1064 nm have been realized at 808-nm optical pump. Using graphene as a saturable absorber, passively Q-switched waveguide laser operations were achieved. The pulsed laser produces 90 ns pulses, with a ~4.2 MHz repetition rate, 19% slope efficiency and 110 mW average output power, corresponding to single-pulse energy of 26.5 nJ.
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Gaponenko M, Kuleshov N, Südmeyer T. Efficient diode-pumped Tm:KYW 1.9-μm microchip laser with 1 W cw output power. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:11578-11582. [PMID: 24921278 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.011578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a diode-pumped Tm:KYW microchip laser generating 1 W continuous-wave output power. The laser operates at a wavelength of 1.94 μm in the fundamental TEM(00) mode with 71% slope efficiency relative to the absorbed pump radiation and 59% slope efficiency relative to the incident pump radiation. The optical-to-optical laser efficiency is 43%.
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23
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Palmer G, Gross S, Fuerbach A, Lancaster DG, Withford MJ. High slope efficiency and high refractive index change in direct-written Yb-doped waveguide lasers with depressed claddings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17413-17420. [PMID: 23938589 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the first Yb:ZBLAN and Yb:IOG10 waveguide lasers fabricated by the fs-laser direct-writing technique. Pulses from a Titanium-Sapphire laser oscillator with 5.1 MHz repetition rate were utilized to generate negative refractive index modifications in both glasses. Multiple modifications were aligned in a depressed cladding geometry to create a waveguide. For Yb:ZBLAN we demonstrate high laser slope efficiency of 84% with a maximum output power of 170 mW. By using Yb:IOG10 a laser performance of 25% slope efficiency and 72 mW output power was achieved and we measured a remarkably high refractive index change exceeding Δn = 2.3 × 10(-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Palmer
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, MQ Photonics Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Lancaster DG, Gross S, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Withford MJ, Monro TM, Jackson SD. Efficient 2.9 μm fluorozirconate glass waveguide chip laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:2588-2591. [PMID: 23939120 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a large mode-area holmium-doped ZBLAN waveguide laser operating at 2.9 μm, which was pumped by a 1150 nm diode laser. The laser is based on ultrafast laser inscribed depressed cladding waveguides fabricated in uniformly rare-earth-doped bulk glass. It has a threshold of 28 mW and produced up to 27 mW of output power at an internal slope efficiency of approximately 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Lancaster
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing and School of Chemistry and Physics, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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