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Lu S, Bian Y, Chen F, Lin J, Lyu H, Li Y, Liu H, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Lyu L. An operational approach for large-scale mapping of water clarity levels in inland lakes using landsat images based on optical classification. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116898. [PMID: 37591322 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Water clarity is a critical parameter of water, it is typically measured using the setter disc depth (SDD). The accurate estimation of SDD for optically varying waters using remote sensing remains challenging. In this study, a water classification algorithm based on the Landsat 5 TM/Landsat 8 OLI satellite was used to distinguish different water types, in which the waters were divided into two types by using the ad(443)/ap(443) ratio. Water type 1 refers to waters dominated by phytoplankton, while water type 2 refers to waters dominated by non-algal particles. For the different water types, a specific algorithm was developed based on 994 in situ water samples collected from Chinese inland lakes during 42 cruises. First, the Rrs(443)/Rrs(655) ratio was used for water type 1 SDD estimation, and the band combination of (Rrs(443)/Rrs(655) - Rrs(443)/Rrs(560)) was proposed for water type 2. The accuracy assessment based on an independent validation dataset proved that the proposed algorithm performed well, with an R2 of 0.85, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 25.98%, and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.23 m. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithm, it was extensively evaluated using data collected from Lake Erie and Lake Huron, and the estimation accuracy remained satisfactory (R2 = 0.87, MAPE = 28.04%, RMSE = 0.76 m). Furthermore, compared with existing empirical and semi-analytical SDD estimation algorithms, the algorithm proposed in this paper showed the best performance, and could be applied to other satellite sensors with similar band settings. Finally, this algorithm was successfully applied to map SDD levels of 107 lakes and reservoirs located in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain (MLYP) from 1984 to 2020 at a 30 m spatial resolution, and it was found that 53.27% of the lakes and reservoirs in the MLYP generally show an upward trend in SDD. This research provides a new technological approach for water environment monitoring in regional and even global lakes, and offers a scientific reference for water environment management of lakes in the MLYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yingchun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jie Lin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Heng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaboration Invocation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Yunmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaboration Invocation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Huaiqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment of Education Ministry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Linze Lyu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
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Dev PJ, Sukenik A, Mishra DR, Ostrovsky I. Cyanobacterial pigment concentrations in inland waters: Novel semi-analytical algorithms for multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150423. [PMID: 34818810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are notorious for producing harmful algal blooms that present an ever-increasing serious threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide, impacting the quality of drinking water and disrupting the recreational use of many water bodies. Remote sensing techniques for the detection and quantification of cyanobacterial blooms are required to monitor their initiation and spatiotemporal variability. In this study, we developed a novel semi-analytical approach to estimate the concentration of cyanobacteria-specific pigment phycocyanin (PC) and common phytoplankton pigment chlorophyll a (Chl a) from hyperspectral remote sensing data. The PC algorithm was derived from absorbance-concentration relationship, and the Chl a algorithm was devised based on a conceptual three-band structure model. The developed algorithms were applied to satellite imageries obtained by the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO™) sensor and tested in Lake Kinneret (Israel) during strong cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. bloom and out-of-bloom times. The sensitivity of the algorithms to errors was evaluated. The Chl a and PC concentrations were estimated with a mean absolute percentage difference (MAPD) of 16% and 28%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis shows that the influences of backscattering and other water constituents do not affect the estimation accuracy of PC (~2% MAPD). The reliable PC/Chl a ratios can be obtained at PC concentrations above 10 mg m-3. The computed PC/Chl a ratio depicts the contribution of cyanobacteria to the total phytoplankton biomass and permits investigating the role of ambient factors in the formation of a complex planktonic community. The novel algorithms have extensive practical applicability and should be suitable for the quantification of PC and Chl a in aquatic ecosystems using hyperspectral remote sensing data as well as data from future multispectral remote sensing satellites, if the respective bands are featured in the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Jeba Dev
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Migdal 14950, Israel
| | - Assaf Sukenik
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Migdal 14950, Israel
| | - Deepak R Mishra
- Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, GA, USA
| | - Ilia Ostrovsky
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, The Yigal Allon Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Migdal 14950, Israel.
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Assessment of Chlorophyll-a Algorithms Considering Different Trophic Statuses and Optimal Bands. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17081746. [PMID: 28758984 PMCID: PMC5579528 DOI: 10.3390/s17081746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous algorithms have been proposed to retrieve chlorophyll-a concentrations in Case 2 waters; however, the retrieval accuracy is far from satisfactory. In this research, seven algorithms are assessed with different band combinations of multispectral and hyperspectral bands using linear (LN), quadratic polynomial (QP) and power (PW) regression approaches, resulting in altogether 43 algorithmic combinations. These algorithms are evaluated by using simulated and measured datasets to understand the strengths and limitations of these algorithms. Two simulated datasets comprising 500,000 reflectance spectra each, both based on wide ranges of inherent optical properties (IOPs), are generated for the calibration and validation stages. Results reveal that the regression approach (i.e., LN, QP, and PW) has more influence on the simulated dataset than on the measured one. The algorithms that incorporated linear regression provide the highest retrieval accuracy for the simulated dataset. Results from simulated datasets reveal that the 3-band (3b) algorithm that incorporate 665-nm and 680-nm bands and band tuning selection approach outperformed other algorithms with root mean square error (RMSE) of 15.87 mg·m-3, 16.25 mg·m-3, and 19.05 mg·m-3, respectively. The spatial distribution of the best performing algorithms, for various combinations of chlorophyll-a (Chla) and non-algal particles (NAP) concentrations, show that the 3b_tuning_QP and 3b_680_QP outperform other algorithms in terms of minimum RMSE frequency of 33.19% and 60.52%, respectively. However, the two algorithms failed to accurately retrieve Chla for many combinations of Chla and NAP, particularly for low Chla and NAP concentrations. In addition, the spatial distribution emphasizes that no single algorithm can provide outstanding accuracy for Chla retrieval and that multi-algorithms should be included to reduce the error. Comparing the results of the measured and simulated datasets reveal that the algorithms that incorporate the 665-nm band outperform other algorithms for measured dataset (RMSE = 36.84 mg·m-3), while algorithms that incorporate the band tuning approach provide the highest retrieval accuracy for the simulated dataset (RMSE = 25.05 mg·m-3).
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Tyler AN, Hunter PD, Spyrakos E, Groom S, Constantinescu AM, Kitchen J. Developments in Earth observation for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 572:1307-1321. [PMID: 26805447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Earth's surface waters are a fundamental resource and encompass a broad range of ecosystems that are core to global biogeochemical cycling and food and energy production. Despite this, the Earth's surface waters are impacted by multiple natural and anthropogenic pressures and drivers of environmental change. The complex interaction between physical, chemical and biological processes in surface waters poses significant challenges for in situ monitoring and assessment and often limits our ability to adequately capture the dynamics of aquatic systems and our understanding of their status, functioning and response to pressures. Here we explore the opportunities that Earth observation (EO) has to offer to basin-scale monitoring of water quality over the surface water continuum comprising inland, transition and coastal water bodies, with a particular focus on the Danube and Black Sea region. This review summarises the technological advances in EO and the opportunities that the next generation satellites offer for water quality monitoring. We provide an overview of algorithms for the retrieval of water quality parameters and demonstrate how such models have been used for the assessment and monitoring of inland, transitional, coastal and shelf-sea systems. Further, we argue that very few studies have investigated the connectivity between these systems especially in large river-sea systems such as the Danube-Black Sea. Subsequently, we describe current capability in operational processing of archive and near real-time satellite data. We conclude that while the operational use of satellites for the assessment and monitoring of surface waters is still developing for inland and coastal waters and more work is required on the development and validation of remote sensing algorithms for these optically complex waters, the potential that these data streams offer for developing an improved, potentially paradigm-shifting understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes across large scale river-sea systems including the Danube-Black Sea is considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Tyler
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D Hunter
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Spyrakos
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Groom
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Maria Constantinescu
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom; GeoEcoMar, Str. Dimitrie Onciul, Nr. 23-25, Bucharest, RO 024053, Romania
| | - Jonathan Kitchen
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom
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