1
|
Pérez GO, Dueñas JM, Guzmán-Silva D, Torres LEFF, Hermann-Avigliano C. Transport of non-classical light mediated by topological domain walls in a SSH photonic lattice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12435. [PMID: 38816484 PMCID: PMC11139866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in photonics technologies have significantly enhanced their capability to facilitate experiments involving quantum light, even at room temperature. Nevertheless, fully integrating photonic chips that include quantum light sources, effective manipulation and transport of light minimizing losses, and appropriate detection systems remains an ongoing challenge. Topological photonic systems have emerged as promising platforms to protect quantum light properties during propagation, beyond merely preserving light intensity. In this work, we delve into the dynamics of non-classical light traversing a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger photonic lattice with topological domain walls. Our focus centers on how topology influences the quantum properties of light as it moves across the array. By precisely adjusting the spacing between waveguides, we achieve dynamic repositioning and interaction of domain walls, facilitating effective beam-splitting operations. Our findings demonstrate high-fidelity transport of non-classical light across the lattice, replicating known results that are now safeguarded by the topology of the system. This protection is especially beneficial for quantum communication protocols with continuous variable states. Our study enhances the understanding of light dynamics in topological photonic systems and paves the way for high-fidelity, topology-protected quantum communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel O'Ryan Pérez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Medina Dueñas
- ICN2-Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Phyics, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Guzmán-Silva
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis E F Foa Torres
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carla Hermann-Avigliano
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millenium Institute for Research in Optics (MIRO), Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Baiocco D, Lopez-Quintas I, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Tonelli M, Tredicucci A. High efficiency diode-pumped Pr:LiLuF 4 visible lasers in femtosecond-laser-written waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9767-9776. [PMID: 38571202 DOI: 10.1364/oe.516789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work we investigate the power scaling of diode-pumped Pr:LiLuF4 waveguide lasers produced by direct femtosecond writing. The waveguides studied consisted in depressed cladding waveguides with different geometries. We observed laser emission at 604 nm, achieving a maximum output power of 275 mW and a slope efficiency of 40%, and 721 nm, demonstrating 310 mW of output power and a slope efficiency of 50%. Moreover, we obtained, what we believe is for the first time in a diode-pumped waveguide, laser emission at 523 nm, with a maximum output power of 65 mW and a slope efficiency of 11%. In the end, we also demonstrated the first diode-pumped operation of a single-transverse-mode waveguide laser at 721 nm, reaching a maximum output power of 28 mW and maintaining a high quality beam with an M2 of 1.1.
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu W, Gebremichael W, Fernandes J, Kilinc M, Dorrer C, Qiao J. Single-scan ultrafast laser inscription of waveguides in IG2 for type-I and type-II operation in the mid-infrared. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18949-18963. [PMID: 37381324 DOI: 10.1364/oe.486856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, single-scan ultrafast laser inscription and performance of mid-infrared waveguiding in IG2 chalcogenide glass in the type-I and type-II configurations. The waveguiding properties at 4550 nm are studied as a function of pulse energy, repetition rate, and additionally separation between the two inscribed tracks for type-II waveguides. Propagation losses of ∼1.2 dB/cm in a type-II waveguide and ∼2.1 dB/cm in a type-I waveguide have been demonstrated. For the latter type, there is an inverse relation between the refractive index contrast and the deposited surface energy density. Notably, type-I and type-II waveguiding have been observed at 4550 nm within and between the tracks of two-track structures. In addition, although type-II waveguiding has been observed in the near infrared (1064 nm) and mid infrared (4550 nm) in two-track structures, type-I waveguiding within each track has only been observed in the mid infrared.
Collapse
|
4
|
Baiocco D, Lopez-Quintas I, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Tonelli M, Tredicucci A. Diode-pumped visible lasing in femtosecond-laser-written Pr:LiLuF 4 waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1734-1737. [PMID: 37221753 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we report the realization of a femtosecond-laser-written diode-pumped Pr:LiLuF4 visible waveguide laser. The waveguide studied in this work consisted of a depressed-index cladding, whose design and fabrication were optimized to minimize the propagation loss. Laser emission has been achieved at 604 nm and 721 nm, with output power of 86 mW and 60 mW, respectively, and slope efficiencies of 16% and 14%. In addition, we obtained, for the first time in a praseodymium-based waveguide laser, stable continuous-wave laser operation at 698 nm (3 mW of output power and 0.46% of slope efficiency), corresponding to the wavelength necessary for the clock transition of the strontium-based atomic clock. The waveguide laser emission at this wavelength is mainly in the fundamental mode (i.e., the larger propagation constant mode) showing a nearly Gaussian intensity profile.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cai C, Wang J. Femtosecond Laser-Fabricated Photonic Chips for Optical Communications: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040630. [PMID: 35457935 PMCID: PMC9024536 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Integrated optics, having the unique properties of small size, low loss, high integration, and high scalability, is attracting considerable attention and has found many applications in optical communications, fulfilling the requirements for the ever-growing information rate and complexity in modern optical communication systems. Femtosecond laser fabrication is an acknowledged technique for producing integrated photonic devices with unique features, such as three-dimensional fabrication geometry, rapid prototyping, and single-step fabrication. Thus, plenty of femtosecond laser-fabricated on-chip devices have been manufactured to realize various optical communication functions, such as laser generation, laser amplification, laser modulation, frequency conversion, multi-dimensional multiplexing, and photonic wire bonding. In this paper, we review some of the most relevant research progress in femtosecond laser-fabricated photonic chips for optical communications, which may break new ground in this area. First, the basic principle of femtosecond laser fabrication and different types of laser-inscribed waveguides are briefly introduced. The devices are organized into two categories: active devices and passive devices. In the former category, waveguide lasers, amplifiers, electric-optic modulators, and frequency converters are reviewed, while in the latter, polarization multiplexers, mode multiplexers, and fan-in/fan-out devices are discussed. Later, photonic wire bonding is also introduced. Finally, conclusions and prospects in this field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Cai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv J, Wang K, Cheng G. 3D waveguide element fabrication in Gorilla glass by an ultrafast laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:8242-8246. [PMID: 32976408 DOI: 10.1364/ao.401341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide fabrication with an ultrafast laser system and the mechanism of index modification have been investigated in Corning Gorilla glass. Type I waveguides were obtained when the pulse duration was in the range of 250 fs to 15 ps. With the increase of pulse energy, single-mode waveguides converted to ring-mode waveguides. The variation tendency of Raman peak at 580cm-1 band is nonmonotonic with the increase of pulse energy, and the negative index change appears finally in the waveguide core. The alkali ions migrated towards the outside with different diffusivities after the laser irradiation. Finally, bend waveguides and hexagon-link waveguide connectors were produced.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) was selected owing to its cubic symmetry and excellent luminescence properties as a crystal of interest, and ultrafast laser inscription of in-bulk double-track waveguides was realized. The guiding properties of these waveguides in relation to the writing energy of the femtosecond pulse are presented. The modified double-track waveguides have been studied by systematic developments of beam propagation experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, an adapted model and concepts were engaged for the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the waveguides, particularly for the transmission loss measurements and the three-dimensional refractive index mappings of the modified zones. Additionally, polarization-dependent guiding was investigated.
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu P, He S, Liu H. Annular waveguide lasers at 1064 nm in Nd:YAG crystal produced by femtosecond laser inscription. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5420-5424. [PMID: 30117835 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of annular cladding waveguides in Nd:YAG laser crystal by using femtosecond laser inscription. The circular cross sections of the optical waveguides were in dual-cladding and tri-cladding shapes with different diameters. Under the optical pump at 808 nm, the generated continuous-wave lasers at 1064 nm have been realized in the annular cladding waveguides. For dual-cladding and tri-cladding waveguides, the slope efficiencies of the waveguide lasers were calculated to be 21.3% and 20%, and the maximum output powers measured were 82 mW and 84 mW, respectively. In addition, the annular modal profiles were obtained for these cladding waveguides.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Z, Zhang Y, Cheng C, Yu H, Chen F. 6.5 GHz Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers based on two-dimensional materials as saturable absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:11321-11330. [PMID: 29716055 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.011321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have generated great interest in the past few years opening up a new dimension in the development of optoelectronics and photonics. In this paper, we demonstrate 6.5 GHz fundamentally Q-switched mode-locked lasers with high performances in the femtosecond laser-written waveguide platform by applying graphene, MoS2 and Bi2Se3 as saturable absorbers (SAs). The minimum mode-locked pulse duration was measured to be as short as 26 ps in the case of Bi2Se3 SA. The maximum slope efficiency reached 53% in the case of MoS2 SA. This is the first demonstration of Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers based on MoS2 and Bi2Se3 in the waveguide platform. These high-performance Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers based on 2D materials pave the way for practical applications of compact ultrafast photonics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li L, Nie W, Li Z, Romero C, Rodriguez-Beltrán RI, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Chen F. Laser-writing of ring-shaped waveguides in BGO crystal for telecommunication band. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:24236-24241. [PMID: 29041368 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.024236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of ring-shaped waveguides operating at the telecommunication band in a cubic Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal by using technique of femtosecond laser writing. In the regions of laser written tracks in BGO crystal, positive refractive index is induced, resulting in so-called Type I configuration. The modal profiles are within the designed track cladding with ring-shaped geometries, which are analogous to circular optical lattices. The homogenous guidance along both TE and TM polarizations has been obtained at telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. Both straight and S-curved waveguiding structures have been produced with ring-shaped configurations. This work paves the way to fabricate complex photonic networks for telecommunications by using ring-shaped waveguides in compact chips.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lv J, Bai J, Zhou K, Mei X, Wang K, Li M, Cheng G. Transmission performance of 90°-bend optical waveguides fabricated in fused silica by femtosecond laser inscription. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3470-3473. [PMID: 28957065 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The L-shape waveguide was written in fused silica using a femtosecond laser with beam shaping. The guiding structure supports good light turning; 0.88 dB/turn was achieved at the silica-air interface. By using the finite-different time-domain method, the turn loss due to the turning structure and refractive index of the L-shape waveguide has been simulated. The results show that the proposed method has unprecedented flexibility in fabricating a 90°-bend waveguide.
Collapse
|
12
|
Calmano T, Ams M, Dekker P, Withford MJ, Kränkel C. 2 W single-longitudinal-mode Yb:YAG distributed-feedback waveguide laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2734-2737. [PMID: 28708156 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Single longitudinal mode (SLM) lasers are important tools for many scientific and commercial applications. SLM operation can be achieved in distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers based on Bragg structures. Semiconductor waveguide DFB lasers are well-established devices, but their output power is limited to a few hundred milliwatts. DFB lasers have also been demonstrated in dielectric waveguides. However, in this case the output power was even lower. Here we present the first monolithic Yb:YAG DFB laser. The waveguide and the DFB structure were fabricated in the volume of an Yb:YAG crystal by ultrafast laser inscription. The DFB laser delivered 2 W of output power at a slope efficiency of 61% in SLM operation under pumping with an optically pumped semiconductor laser. This power level outperforms previously demonstrated dielectric DFB waveguide lasers by nearly an order of magnitude. Our approach paves the way for compact, robust, and highly efficient high-power SLM laser sources.
Collapse
|
13
|
Jornod N, Wittwer VJ, Kränkel C, Waldburger D, Keller U, Südmeyer T, Calmano T. High-power amplification of a femtosecond vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser in an Yb:YAG waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16527-16533. [PMID: 28789156 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present the amplification of a mode-locked vertical external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) using an Yb:YAG crystalline waveguide as gain medium. The VECSEL seed laser operates at a center wavelength of 1030 nm and generates 300-fs pulses at a repetition rate of 1.77 GHz. An average seed power of 60 mW was launched onto a 8.3 mm long fs-laser written Yb:YAG waveguide pumped by 7.7 W from a 969-nm continuous-wave VECSEL. The amplifier achieves an average output power of up to 2.9 W, corresponding to an amplification factor of 17 dB. Due to gain narrowing, the pulse duration increases to 629 fs. Our results show that crystalline waveguides are a promising technique for the realization of compact multi-watt ultrafast amplifier systems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pätzold WM, Demircan A, Morgner U. Low-loss curved waveguides in polymers written with a femtosecond laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:263-270. [PMID: 28085819 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present straight and s-curve waveguides in polymers fabricated by femtosecond laser writing. A number of parallel tracks are written inside the bulk material with a well-defined gap in the middle that forms the waveguide core. This approach offers the flexibility to tailor the mode-field diameter of the waveguide by adjusting the size of the gap. The waveguides exhibit very low propagation losses of 0.3 dB/cm and no significant bend losses for curve radii of R ≥ 20 mm. This fabrication process will allow for the realization of complex waveguide networks in a compact footprint chip.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ceramic planar waveguide laser of non-aqueous tape casting fabricated YAG/Yb:YAG/YAG. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31289. [PMID: 27535577 PMCID: PMC4989161 DOI: 10.1038/srep31289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramic YAG/Yb:YAG/YAG planar waveguide lasers were realized on continuous-wave and mode-locked operations. The straight waveguide, fabricated by non-aqueous tape casting and solid state reactive sintering, enabled highly efficient diode-pumped waveguide continuous-wave laser with the slope efficiency of 66% and average output power of more than 3 W. The influence of the waveguide structure on the wavelength tunability was also experimentally investiccgated with a dispersive prism. Passively mode-locked operation of the ceramic waveguide laser was achieved by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), output 2.95 ps pulses with maximum power of 385 mW at the central wavelength of 1030 nm.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pätzold WM, Reinhardt C, Demircan A, Morgner U. Cascaded-focus laser writing of low-loss waveguides in polymers. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1269-1272. [PMID: 26977686 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waveguide writing in poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with femtosecond laser radiation is presented. An adequate refractive index change is induced in the border area below the irradiated focal volume. It supports an almost symmetric fundamental mode with propagation losses down to 0.5 dB/cm, the lowest losses observed so far in this class of materials. The writing process with a cascaded focus is demonstrated to be highly reliable over a large parameter range.
Collapse
|
17
|
Dekker P, Ams M, Calmano T, Gross S, Kränkel C, Huber G, Withford MJ. Spectral narrowing of Yb:YAG waveguide lasers through hybrid integration with ultrafast laser written Bragg gratings. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20195-20202. [PMID: 26367676 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser written waveguides in crystalline materials can be used to make highly efficient, high gain lasers. The bi-directional emission from such lasers however is typically broadband with poor spectral control. Hybridizing a tapered, mode matched laser written Bragg grating with a broadband Yb:YAG crystalline waveguide laser, we demonstrate single longitudinal mode output from one end of the device. Careful control of the grating characteristics led to laser thresholds below 90 mW, slope efficiencies greater than 42% and output powers greater than 20 mW.
Collapse
|
18
|
Okhrimchuk AG, Obraztsov PA. 11-GHz waveguide Nd:YAG laser CW mode-locked with single-layer graphene. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11172. [PMID: 26052678 PMCID: PMC4459187 DOI: 10.1038/srep11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report stable, passive, continuous-wave (CW) mode-locking of a compact diode-pumped waveguide Nd:YAG laser with a single-layer graphene saturable absorber. The depressed cladding waveguide in the Nd:YAG crystal is fabricated with an ultrafast laser inscription method. The saturable absorber is formed by direct deposition of CVD single-layer graphene on the output coupler. The few millimeter-long cavity provides generation of 16-ps pulses with repetition rates in the GHz range (up to 11.3 GHz) and 12 mW average power. Stable CW mode-locking operation is achieved by controlling the group delay dispersion in the laser cavity with a Gires–Tournois interferometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Okhrimchuk
- 1] International Center of Laser Technologies, D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russia [2] Fiber Optics Research Center of RAS, 38 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119333, Russia
| | - Petr A Obraztsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of RAS, 38 Vavilova Str., Moscow 119333, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Calmano T, Kränkel C, Huber G. Laser oscillation in Yb:YAG waveguide beam-splitters with variable splitting ratio. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:1753-1756. [PMID: 25872065 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.001753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we report on laser emission from Yb:YAG beam-splitters fabricated by direct femtosecond-laser inscription. These devices consist of two adjacent mirrored s-curved waveguides merged into a section allowing for multi-mode interference (MMI) and a straight waveguide. Nine-millimeter-long one-to-two beam-splitters with radii of curvature between 10 and 80 mm have been fabricated resulting in separations between the two arms of up to 0.65 mm. Due to the MMI-section, the splitting ratio was variable by slightly changing the incoupling conditions. Maximum laser output powers of 2.29 W and slope efficiencies of 52% were achieved with the best beam-splitter waveguide laser. For all radii of curvature exceeding 10 mm, similar efficiencies were demonstrated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Choi SY, Calmano T, Kim MH, Yeom DI, Kränkel C, Huber G, Rotermund F. Q-switched operation of a femtosecond-laser-inscribed Yb:YAG channel waveguide laser using carbon nanotubes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7999-8005. [PMID: 25837137 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a diode-pumped femtosecond-laser-inscribed Yb:YAG channel waveguide laser, Q-switched by using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) near 1029 nm. We used saturable absorber mirrors (SAMs) fabricated by depositing SWCNTs on three different output couplers. Best performance of the 9.3-mm-long ultra-compact Q-switched waveguide laser is obtained with an output coupling transmission of 20%. In this case, a maximum average output power of 60 mW with a corresponding pulse energy of 37.7 nJ and a pulse duration of 88 ns at 1.59-MHz repetition rate were achieved. The highest pulse energy of 39.2 nJ and the shortest pulse duration of 78 ns were obtained with 30% and 10% output couplers, respectively.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu X, Zhang W, Zhao W, Stoian R, Cheng G. Expanded-core waveguides written by femtosecond laser irradiation in bulk optical glasses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:28771-28782. [PMID: 25402116 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.028771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Expanded-core structures based on layered increased index (type I) waveguiding traces are fabricated by ultrafast laser photoinscription in bulk optical glasses, with examples for fused silica and chalcogenide glasses. The expanded-core waveguides can serve for large-mode-area guiding concepts and their feasibility is experimentally investigated. A parametric study of the geometry, number of traces and index contrast indicates the possibility to design guided modes characteristics as exemplified in fused silica. A specific arrangement consisting of 8 traces of guiding layers with 6µm separation exhibit single-mode transport properties with mode field area of ~805µm². The condition of single mode operation is also discussed in the frame of the dispersion relation of light guiding in periodical dielectric structures. The supported supermode of expanded-core structures can be controlled by careful design of the refractive index change, the number of guiding layers and the thickness of the interlayers. Inspection of the propagation characteristics shows equally low loss features. A Y-branching splitter based on expanded-core concept conserving single mode characteristics is fabricated. The optical design is equally successfully tested in chalcogenide Gallium Lanthanum Sulfide glass. Ultrafast laser inscribed expanded-core waveguiding provides therefore an interesting path of fabricating large mode area waveguides usable in near infrared and mid-infrared region beneficial for applications requiring high power or large mode dimensions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Pavel N, Salamu G, Jipa F, Zamfirescu M. Diode-laser pumping into the emitting level for efficient lasing of depressed cladding waveguides realized in Nd:YVO4 by the direct femtosecond-laser writing technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:23057-23065. [PMID: 25321776 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.023057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Depressed cladding waveguides have been realized in Nd:YVO(4) employing direct writing technique with a femtosecond-laser beam. It was shown that the output performances of such laser devices are improved by the reduction of the quantum defect between the pump wavelength and the laser wavelength. Thus, under the classical pump at 808 nm (i.e. into the (4)F(5/2) level), a 100-μm diameter circular waveguide inscribed in a 0.7-at.% Nd:YVO(4) outputted 1.06-μm laser pulses with 3.0-mJ energy, at 0.30 optical efficiency and slope efficiency of 0.32. The pump at 880 nm (i.e.directly into the (4)F(3/2) emitting level) increased the pulse energy at 3.8 mJ and improved both optical efficiency and slope efficiency at 0.36 and 0.39, respectively. The same waveguide yielded continuous-wave 1.5-W output power at 1.06 μm under the pump at 880 nm. Laser emission at 1.34 μm was also improved using the pump into the (4)F(3/2) emitting level of Nd:YVO(4).
Collapse
|
23
|
Tan Y, Yao Y, Macdonald JR, Kar AK, Yu H, Zhang H, Chen F. Self-Q-switched waveguide laser based on femtosecond laser inscribed Nd:Cr:YVO(4) crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:5289-5292. [PMID: 26466253 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the self-Q-switched laser operation of a monolithic Nd:Cr:YVO(4) channel waveguide cavity. Femtosecond laser inscription was used to fabricate a buried channel waveguide in the substrate. The Nd:Cr:YVO(4) crystal works as both the gain medium and the saturable absorber, which enables the realization of a self-Q-switched waveguide laser pumped at 808 nm and emitting at 1064 nm. The compact waveguide cavity achieved maximum output powers up to 57 mW, corresponding to a single-pulse energy of 22.8 nJ, at 2.3 MHz repetition rate with a pulse duration of 85 ns.
Collapse
|
24
|
Jia Y, Cheng C, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Castillo GR, Rabes BDR, Tan Y, Jaque D, Chen F. Monolithic crystalline cladding microstructures for efficient light guiding and beam manipulation in passive and active regimes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5988. [PMID: 25100561 PMCID: PMC4124484 DOI: 10.1038/srep05988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniature laser sources with on-demand beam features are desirable devices for a broad range of photonic applications. Lasing based on direct-pump of miniaturized waveguiding active structures offers a low-cost but intriguing solution for compact light-emitting devices. In this work, we demonstrate a novel family of three dimensional (3D) photonic microstructures monolithically integrated in a Nd:YAG laser crystal wafer. They are produced by the femtosecond laser writing, capable of simultaneous light waveguiding and beam manipulation. In these guiding systems, tailoring of laser modes by both passive/active beam splitting and ring-shaped transformation are achieved by an appropriate design of refractive index patterns. Integration of graphene thin-layer as saturable absorber in the 3D laser structures allows for efficient passive Q-switching of tailored laser radiations which may enable miniature waveguiding lasers for broader applications. Our results pave a way to construct complex integrated passive and active laser circuits in dielectric crystals by using femtosecond laser written monolithic photonic chips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechen Jia
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Gabriel R Castillo
- Laser Microprocessing Group, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Blanca del Rosal Rabes
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yang Tan
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daniel Jaque
- Fluorescence Imaging Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|