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Ding Y, Wei Z, Wang Y, Yang C, Bao C. Theoretical Analysis of Microcavity Simultons Reinforced by χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} Nonlinearities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:013801. [PMID: 38242661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.013801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
High-Q microcavities with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities add lots of versatility in controlling microcombs. Here, we study microcavity simulton and soliton dynamics reinforced by both χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} nonlinearities in a continuously pumped microcavity. Theoretical analysis based on the Lagrangian approach reveals the soliton peak power and gain-loss balance are impacted by the flat part of the intracavity pump, while the dark-pulse part of the pump leads to a nearly constant soliton group velocity change. We also derived a soliton conversion efficiency upper limit that is fully determined by the coupling condition and the quantum-limited soliton timing jitter in the χ^{(2,3)} system. Numerical simulations confirm the analytical results. Our theory is particularly useful for investigating AlN microcombs and sheds light on the interplay between χ^{(2)} and χ^{(3)} nonlinearities within microcavity simultons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziqi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Changxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chengying Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Shi L, Ming X, Ma K, Sun Q, Wang L, Zhao W, Zhang W. Routing to mid-infrared microcomb via near-infrared direct pump. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:20930-20940. [PMID: 37381205 DOI: 10.1364/oe.494515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared (MIR) microcomb provides a new way into the "molecular fingerprint" region. However, it remains rather a challenge to realize the broadband mode-locked soliton microcomb, which is often limited by the performance of available MIR pump sources and coupling devices. Here, we propose an effective approach towards broadband MIR soliton microcombs generation via a direct pump in the near-infrared (NIR) region, through full utilization of the second- and third-order nonlinearities in a thin-film lithium niobate microresonator. The optical parametric oscillation process contributes to conversion from the pump at 1550 nm to the signal around 3100 nm, and the four-wave mixing effect promotes spectrum expansion and mode-locking process. While the second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation effects facilitate simultaneous emission of the NIR comb teeth. Both the continuous wave and pulse pump sources with relatively low power can support a MIR soliton with a bandwidth over 600 nm and a concomitant NIR microcomb with a bandwidth of 100 nm. This work can provide a promising solution for broadband MIR microcombs by breaking through the limitation of available MIR pump sources, and can deepen the understanding of the physical mechanism of the quadratic soliton assisted by the Kerr effect.
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3
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Dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy for the analysis of vibrational optical activity induced by external magnetic field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:883. [PMID: 36797264 PMCID: PMC9935641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical activity (OA) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize molecular chirality, explore the stereo-specific structure and study the solution-state conformation of biomolecules, which is widely utilized in the fields of molecular chirality, pharmaceutics and analytical chemistry. Due to the considerably weak effect, OA spectral analysis has high demands on measurement speed and sensitivity, especially for organic biomolecules. Moreover, gas-phase OA measurements require higher resolution to resolve Doppler-limited profiles. Here, we show the unmatched potential of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in magnetic optical activity spectroscopy (MOAS) of gas-phase molecules with the resolution of hundred-MHz level and the high-speed measurement of sub-millisecond level. As a demonstration, we achieved the rapid, high-precision and high-resolution MOAS measurement of the nitrogen dioxide [Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text] band and the nitric oxide overtone band, which can be used to analyze fine structure of molecules. Besides, the preliminary demonstration of liquid-phase chiroptical activity (as weak as 10-5) has been achieved with several seconds of sampling time, which could become a routine approach enabling ultrafast dynamics analysis of chiral structural conformations.
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4
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Amiune N, Fan Z, Pankratov VV, Puzyrev DN, Skryabin DV, Zawilski KT, Schunemann PG, Breunig I. Mid-infrared frequency combs and staggered spectral patterns in χ (2) microresonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:907-915. [PMID: 36785139 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential of frequency comb spectroscopy has aroused great interest in generating mid-infrared frequency combs in the integrated photonic setting. However, despite remarkable progress in microresonators and quantum cascade lasers, the availability of suitable mid-IR comb sources remains scarce. Here, we generate mid-IR microcombs relying on cascaded three-wave-mixing for the first time. By pumping a CdSiP2 microresonator at 1.55 µm wavelength with a low power continuous wave laser, we generate χ(2) frequency combs at 3.1 µm wavelength, with a span of about 30 nm. We observe ordinary combs states with a line spacing of the free spectral range of the resonator, and combs where the sideband numbers around the pump and half-harmonic alternate, forming staggered patterns of spectral lines. Our scheme for mid-IR microcomb generation is compatible with integrated telecom lasers. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a simple and fully integrated mid-IR comb source, relying on only one single material.
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Smirnov S, Andryushkov V, Podivilov E, Sturman B, Breunig I. Soliton based χ (2) combs in high-Q optical microresonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:27434-27449. [PMID: 34615159 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the frequency combs in χ(3) microresonators have passed a critical point when the soliton based regimes are well established and realized on different platforms. For χ(2) microresonators, where the first harmonic (FH) and second harmonic (SH) envelopes are coupled via the SH generation and optical parametric oscillation, the comb-soliton studies are just starting. Here we report on a vast accessible dual χ(2) soliton-comb family in high-Q microresonators with the SH and FH combs centered at the pump frequency ωp and its half ωp/2. Vicinity of the point of equal FH and SH group velocities λc, available via proper radial poling, is found to be the most advantageous for the generation of spectrally broad dual FH-SH combs. Our predictions as applied to lithium niobate resonators include the dependence of comb and dissipative soliton parameters on the pump power, the deviation λp - λc, the modal quality factors and frequency detunings, and the necessary parameters of radial poling of the resonator. These predictions form a solid basis for the realization of χ(2) frequency combs.
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6
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Szabados J, Puzyrev DN, Minet Y, Reis L, Buse K, Villois A, Skryabin DV, Breunig I. Frequency Comb Generation via Cascaded Second-Order Nonlinearities in Microresonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:203902. [PMID: 32501070 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical frequency combs are revolutionizing modern time and frequency metrology. In the past years, their range of applications has increased substantially, driven by their miniaturization through microresonator-based solutions. The combs in such devices are typically generated using the third-order χ^{(3)} nonlinearity of the resonator material. An alternative approach is making use of second-order χ^{(2)} nonlinearities. While the idea of generating combs this way has been around for almost two decades, so far only few demonstrations are known, based either on bulky bow-tie cavities or on relatively low-Q waveguide resonators. Here, we present the first such comb that is based on a millimeter-sized microresonator made of lithium niobate, that allows for cascaded second-order nonlinearities. This proof-of-concept device comes already with pump powers as low as 2 mW, generating repetition-rate-locked combs around 1064 and 532 nm. From the nonlinear dynamics point of view, the observed combs correspond to Turing roll patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Szabados
- Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danila N Puzyrev
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Yannick Minet
- Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Gisela and Erwin Sick Chair of Micro-optics, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luis Reis
- Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Buse
- Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Villois
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Dmitry V Skryabin
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ingo Breunig
- Laboratory for Optical Systems, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques IPM, Heidenhofstraße 8, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Nie M, Huang SW. Quadratic soliton mode-locked degenerate optical parametric oscillator. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2311-2314. [PMID: 32287221 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examine the existence condition of the quadratic soliton mode-locked degenerate optical parametric oscillator in the previously unexplored parameter space. We study the nature of the quadratic solitons and divide their dynamics into two distinctive branches, depending on the system parameters. Origin of the quadratic soliton perturbation is identified, and strategy to mitigate its detrimental effect is developed. Frequency comb with terahertz bandwidth and femtosecond pulse duration are attainable in an example periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide resonator. Design rules of the quadratic soliton mode-locking are summarized. The principle can be further extended to other material platforms, making it a competitive ultrashort pulse and broadband comb source architecture at the mid-infrared.
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Ricciardi I, Mosca S, Parisi M, Leo F, Hansson T, Erkintalo M, Maddaloni P, De Natale P, Wabnitz S, De Rosa M. Optical Frequency Combs in Quadratically Nonlinear Resonators. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E230. [PMID: 32102284 PMCID: PMC7074798 DOI: 10.3390/mi11020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical frequency combs are one of the most remarkable inventions in recent decades. Originally conceived as the spectral counterpart of the train of short pulses emitted by mode-locked lasers, frequency combs have also been subsequently generated in continuously pumped microresonators, through third-order parametric processes. Quite recently, direct generation of optical frequency combs has been demonstrated in continuous-wave laser-pumped optical resonators with a second-order nonlinear medium inside. Here, we present a concise introduction to such quadratic combs and the physical mechanism that underlies their formation. We mainly review our recent experimental and theoretical work on formation and dynamics of quadratic frequency combs. We experimentally demonstrated comb generation in two configurations: a cavity for second harmonic generation, where combs are generated both around the pump frequency and its second harmonic and a degenerate optical parametric oscillator, where combs are generated around the pump frequency and its subharmonic. The experiments have been supported by a thorough theoretical analysis, aimed at modelling the dynamics of quadratic combs, both in frequency and time domains, providing useful insights into the physics of this new class of optical frequency comb synthesizers. Quadratic combs establish a new class of efficient frequency comb synthesizers, with unique features, which could enable straightforward access to new spectral regions and stimulate novel applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Ricciardi
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Mosca
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
| | - Maria Parisi
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
| | - François Leo
- OPERA-photonics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Tobias Hansson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Miro Erkintalo
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Physics Department, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Pasquale Maddaloni
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo De Natale
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo E. Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Stefan Wabnitz
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, Elettronica e Telecomunicazioni, Sapienza Università di Roma- Via Eudossiana 18, I-00184 Roma, Italy
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Maurizio De Rosa
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy; (I.R.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (P.M.); (S.W.)
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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Mosca S, Parisi M, Ricciardi I, Leo F, Hansson T, Erkintalo M, Maddaloni P, De Natale P, Wabnitz S, De Rosa M. Modulation Instability Induced Frequency Comb Generation in a Continuously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093903. [PMID: 30230881 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Continuously pumped passive nonlinear cavities can be harnessed for the creation of novel optical frequency combs. While most research has focused on third-order "Kerr" nonlinear interactions, recent studies have shown that frequency comb formation can also occur via second-order nonlinear effects. Here, we report on the formation of quadratic combs in optical parametric oscillator (OPO) configurations. Specifically, we demonstrate that optical frequency combs can be generated in the parametric region around half of the pump frequency in a continuously driven OPO. We also model the OPO dynamics through a single time-domain mean-field equation, identifying previously unknown dynamical regimes, induced by modulation instabilities, which lead to comb formation. Numerical simulation results are in good agreement with experimentally observed spectra. Moreover, the analysis of the coherence properties of the simulated spectra shows the existence of correlated and phase-locked combs. Our results reveal previously unnoticed dynamics of an apparently well assessed optical system, and can lead to a new class of frequency comb sources that may stimulate novel applications by enabling straightforward access to elusive spectral regions, such as the midinfrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mosca
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M Parisi
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - I Ricciardi
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - F Leo
- OPERA-photonics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP 194/5, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - T Hansson
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - M Erkintalo
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - P Maddaloni
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - P De Natale
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo E. Fermi 6, I-50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - S Wabnitz
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, and CNR-INO, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - M De Rosa
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, I-80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
- INFN, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
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10
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Ikuta R, Asano M, Tani R, Yamamoto T, Imoto N. Frequency comb generation in a quadratic nonlinear waveguide resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15551-15558. [PMID: 30114814 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of a nonlinear optical interaction through waveguides or resonators disclose unconventional interplay among multiple lights. Microresonator-based optical frequency comb (OFC) generation via third order nonlinearity is a typical example of such enhancements. Recently, quadratic-nonlinearity-based OFC with an external cavity configuration has been found and its on-chip implementation is highly demanded. Here we for the first time demonstrate such an on-chip OFC with a quadratic nonlinear waveguide resonator. Furthermore, we controlled the comb spectra separation by adjusting frequency difference of two pump light. This on-chip quadratic device will be useful for not only metrologies but also integrated quantum information technologies.
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11
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Jankowski M, Marandi A, Phillips CR, Hamerly R, Ingold KA, Byer RL, Fejer MM. Temporal Simultons in Optical Parametric Oscillators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:053904. [PMID: 29481183 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.053904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of a regime of operation in optical parametric oscillators (OPOs), in which the formation of temporal simultons produces stable femtosecond half-harmonic pulses. Simultons are simultaneous bright-dark solitons of a signal field at frequency ω and the pump field at 2ω, which form in a quadratic nonlinear medium. The formation of simultons in an OPO is due to the interplay of nonlinear pulse acceleration with the timing mismatch between the pump repetition period and the cold-cavity round-trip time and is evidenced by sech^{2} spectra with broad instantaneous bandwidths when the resonator is detuned to a slightly longer round-trip time than the pump repetition period. We provide a theoretical description of an OPO operating in a regime dominated by these dynamics, observe the distinct features of simulton formation in an experiment, and verify our results with numerical simulations. These results represent a new regime of operation in nonlinear resonators, which can lead to efficient and scalable sources of few-cycle frequency combs at arbitrary wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Jankowski
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alireza Marandi
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - C R Phillips
- Department of Physics, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ryan Hamerly
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kirk A Ingold
- Photonics Research Center, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York 10996, USA
| | - Robert L Byer
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M M Fejer
- Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Karhu J, Vainio M, Metsälä M, Halonen L. Frequency comb assisted two-photon vibrational spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:4688-4699. [PMID: 28380740 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a setup for high-resolution two-photon spectroscopy using a mid-infrared continuous wave optical parametric oscillator (CW-OPO) and a near-infrared diode laser as the excitation sources, both of which are locked to fully stabilized optical frequency combs. The diode laser is directly locked to a commercial near-infrared optical frequency comb using an optical phase-locked loop. The near-infrared frequency comb is also used to synchronously pump a degenerate femtosecond optical parametric oscillator to produce a fully stabilized mid-infrared frequency comb. The beat frequency between the mid-infrared comb and the CW-OPO is then stabilized through frequency locking. We used the setup to measure a double resonant two-photon transition to a symmetric vibrational state of acetylene with a sub-Doppler resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio.
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13
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Leo F, Hansson T, Ricciardi I, De Rosa M, Coen S, Wabnitz S, Erkintalo M. Walk-Off-Induced Modulation Instability, Temporal Pattern Formation, and Frequency Comb Generation in Cavity-Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:033901. [PMID: 26849598 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.033901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We derive a time-domain mean-field equation to model the full temporal and spectral dynamics of light in singly resonant cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation systems. We show that the temporal walk-off between the fundamental and the second-harmonic fields plays a decisive role under realistic conditions, giving rise to rich, previously unidentified nonlinear behavior. Through linear stability analysis and numerical simulations, we discover a new kind of quadratic modulation instability which leads to the formation of optical frequency combs and associated time-domain dissipative structures. Our numerical simulations show excellent agreement with recent experimental observations of frequency combs in quadratic nonlinear media [Phys. Rev. A 91, 063839 (2015)]. Thus, in addition to unveiling a new, experimentally accessible regime of nonlinear dynamics, our work enables predictive modeling of frequency comb generation in cavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation systems. We expect our findings to have wide impact on the study of temporal and spectral dynamics in a diverse range of dispersive, quadratically nonlinear resonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leo
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - T Hansson
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - I Ricciardi
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M De Rosa
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - S Coen
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - S Wabnitz
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Brescia, via Branze 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- CNR-INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - M Erkintalo
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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14
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Vainio M, Halonen L. Mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for molecular spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4266-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Review of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators and frequency combs for high-resolution spectroscopy, including applications in trace gas detection and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Vainio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd
| | - L. Halonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
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