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Jackson G, Jasion GT, Bradley TD, Poletti F, Davidson IA. Three stage HCF fabrication technique for high yield, broadband UV-visible fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7720-7730. [PMID: 38439447 DOI: 10.1364/oe.507703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Hollow-core optical fibers can offer broadband, single mode guidance in the UV-visible-NIR wavelength range, with the potential for low-loss, solarization-free operation, making them desirable and potentially disruptive for a wide range of applications. To achieve this requires the fabrication of fibers with <300nm anti-resonant membranes, which is technically challenging. Here we investigate the underlying fluid dynamics of the fiber fabrication process and demonstrate a new three-stage fabrication approach, capable of delivering long (∼350m) lengths of fiber with the desired thin-membranes.
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2
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Lekosiotis A, Belli F, Brahms C, Sabbah M, Sakr H, Davidson IA, Poletti F, Travers JC. On-target delivery of intense ultrafast laser pulses through hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30227-30238. [PMID: 37710569 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We report the flexible on-target delivery of 800 nm wavelength, 5 GW peak power, 40 fs duration laser pulses through an evacuated and tightly coiled 10 m long hollow-core nested anti-resonant fiber by positively chirping the input pulses to compensate for the anomalous dispersion of the fiber. Near-transform-limited output pulses with high beam quality and a guided peak intensity of 3 PW/cm2 were achieved by suppressing plasma effects in the residual gas by pre-pumping the fiber with laser pulses after evacuation. This appears to cause a long-term removal of molecules from the fiber core. Identifying the fluence at the fiber core-wall interface as the damage origin, we scaled the coupled energy to 2.1 mJ using a short piece of larger-core fiber to obtain 20 GW at the fiber output. This scheme can pave the way towards the integration of anti-resonant fibers in mJ-level nonlinear optical experiments and laser-source development.
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3
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Jaworski P, Wu D, Yu F, Krzempek K. Direct performance comparison of antiresonant and Kagome hollow-core fibers in mid-IR wavelength modulation spectroscopy of ethane. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:24810-24820. [PMID: 37475299 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we experimentally asses the performance of wavelength modulation spectroscopy-based spectrometers incorporating 1.3 m-long gas absorption cells formed by an antiresonant hollow core fiber (ARHCF) and a Kagome hollow core fiber. To evaluate the discrepancies with minimum methodology error, the sensor setup was designed to test both fibers simultaneously, providing comparable measurement conditions. Ethane (C2H6) with a transition located at 2996.88 cm-1 was chosen as the target gas. The experiments showed, that due to better light guidance properties, the ARHCF-based sensor reached a minimum detection limit of 4 ppbv for 85 s integration time, which is more than two times improvement in comparison to the result obtained with the Kagome fiber.
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4
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Sabbah M, Belli F, Brahms C, Yu F, Knight J, Travers JC. Generation and characterization of frequency tunable sub-15-fs pulses in a gas-filled hollow-core fiber pumped by a Yb:KGW laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2277-2280. [PMID: 37126253 DOI: 10.1364/ol.484040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate soliton self-compression and photoionization effects in an argon-filled antiresonant hollow-core photonic crystal fiber pumped with a commercial Yb:KGW laser. Before the onset of photoionization, we demonstrate self-compression of our 220 fs pump laser to 13 fs in a single and compact stage. By using the plasma driven soliton self-frequency blueshift, we also demonstrate a tunable source from 1030 to ∼700 nm. We fully characterize the compressed pulses using sum-frequency generation time-domain ptychography, experimentally revealing the full time-frequency plasma-soliton dynamics in hollow-core fiber for the first time.
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5
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Rapp L, Madden S, Rode AV, Walsh LJ, Spallek H, Nguyen Q, Dau V, Woodfield P, Dao D, Zuaiter O, Habeb A, Hirst TR. Anesthetic-, irrigation- and pain-free dentistry? The case for a femtosecond laser enabled intraoral robotic device. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.976097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By leveraging ultrashort pulse laser and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, we are developing a miniaturized intraoral dental robotic device that clamps onto teeth, is remotely controlled, and equipped with a focusing and scanning system to perform efficient, fast, and ultra-precise laser treatments of teeth and dental restorative materials. The device will be supported by a real-time monitoring system for visualization and diagnostic analysis with appropriate digital controls. It will liberate dentists from repetitive manual operations, physical strain and proximity to the patient's oro-pharyngal area that potentially contains infectious agents. The technology will provide patients with high-accuracy, minimally invasive and pain-free treatment. Unlike conventional lasers, femtosecond lasers can ablate all materials without generating heat, thus negating the need for water irrigation, allowing for a clear field of view, and lowering cross-infection hazards. Additionally, dentists can check, analyze, and perform precise cutting of tooth structure with automatic correction, reducing human error. Performing early-stage diagnosis and intervention remotely will be possible through units installed at schools, rural health centers and aged care facilities. Not only can the combination of femtosecond lasers, robotics and MEMS provide practical solutions to dentistry's enduring issues by allowing more precise, efficient, and predictable treatment, but it will also lead to improving the overall access to oral healthcare for communities at large.
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6
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Song J, Shen L, Sun J, Wang Z, Wei Z, Peng Y, Leng Y. Generation of 56.5 W femtosecond laser radiation by the combination of an Nd-doped picosecond amplifier and multi-pass-cell device. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24276-24284. [PMID: 36236985 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of high average power femtosecond laser radiation by combination of an Nd-doped picosecond amplifier and a multi-pass cell device. With this efficient and robust scheme, the pulse duration of a picosecond amplifier is compressed from 9.13 ps to 477 fs, corresponding to a compression factor of 19.1. The average power before and after pulse compression is 77 W and 56.5 W respectively, so the overall transmission reaches 73.4%. The presented scheme offers a viable route toward low-cost and simple configuration high power femtosecond lasers driven by Nd-doped picosecond amplifiers.
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7
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Advances in Silica-Based Large Mode Area and Polarization-Maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber Research. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041558. [PMID: 35208097 PMCID: PMC8878035 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) have attracted increasing attention. Compared with traditional optical fibers, PCFs exhibit many unique optical properties and superior performance due to their high degree of structural design freedom. Using large-mode area (LMA) fibers with single-mode operation is essential to overcoming emerging problems as the power of fiber lasers scales up, which can effectively reduce the power density and mitigate the influence of nonlinear effects. With a brief introduction of the concept, classification, light transmission mechanism, basic properties, and theoretical analysis methods of PCFs, this paper mainly compiles the worldwide development of large-mode area and polarization-maintaining (PM) PCFs, and finally proposes possible technical routes to realize the single-mode operation of LMA-PCFs and PM-LMA-PCFs. Finally, the future development prospects of the PCFs are discussed.
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8
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Xiong D, Wu X, Abu Hassan MR, Gavara T, Chang W. In-line hollow-core fiber-optic bandpass filter. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:5918-5921. [PMID: 34851923 DOI: 10.1364/ol.447108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present an antiresonant hollow-core fiber-based bandpass optical filter. The device is realized by tapering down a section of tubular hollow-core fiber to a ratio of less than 0.5. Sweeping of the tube wall thickness-induced resonant bands in the down- and up-transition sections of the taper suppresses the blue side of the spectrum, while the red side filtering exploits the increased confinement loss at the taper waist that depends sharply on the wavelength-to-core-diameter ratio. These working principles of the filter make it possible to customize the location and width of the passband by tailoring the fiber design and taper profile. We achieve a 350-nm-wide bandpass filter with the minimum insertion loss of 1.3 dB in the passband and up to 40 dB suppression in the lossbands. We anticipate the filter to become one of the essential components in all-hollow-core fiberized optical systems.
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9
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Wang Y, Chang W. Understanding bending-induced loss and bending-enhanced higher-order mode suppression in negative curvature fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23622-23636. [PMID: 34614625 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a numerical analysis on bending-induced loss and bending-enhanced higher-order mode suppression in negative curvature fibers. We provide underlying mechanisms on how geometrical parameters affect the bending properties. We find that fiber parameters influence the bending performance by altering the resonant coupling conditions, as well as light leakage through inter-tube gaps. We identify regions in the parameter space that exhibit excellent bending properties and offer general guidelines for designing negative curvature fibers that are less sensitive to bending. Moreover, we explore the possibility of enhancing higher-order core mode suppression through mechanical bending. We find that up to nine-fold increase in the higher-order mode extinction ratio can be achieved by bending the fiber.
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10
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You Y, Guo H, Hao Y, Wang Z, Liu YG. Wideband, large mode field and single vector mode transmission in a 37-cell hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:24226-24236. [PMID: 34614672 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stable generation and propagation of ultrafast high-order mode beams has become an important research direction. A core diameter not more than 10 times the wavelength is regarded as the upper limit for single mode transmission. However, a high-power laser requires a core diameter 20 to 40 times the wavelength to achieve high-power and stable output, which exceeds the design limit of the traditional fiber. In this paper, a novel 37-cell hollow core photonic bandgap fiber (HC-PBF) that only supports pure TE01 mode over a bandwidth of 50 nm with the lowest loss of 0.127 dB/km is proposed. The HC-PBF has a core diameter of more than 40 μm. Single mode guidance is achieved by adjusting the lattice size in a particular of the cladding. The best single mode performance with a loss ratio as high as 150,000 between TE01 mode and other modes with minimum loss is obtained. The fiber also has low bend-loss and thus can be coiled to a small bend radius of 1 cm having 1.6 dB/km bend loss. The tunability of the single-mode window and the manufacturing feasibility of the proposed fiber are also discussed.
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11
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Wang C, Yu R, Debord B, Gérôme F, Benabid F, Chiang KS, Xiao L. Ultralow-loss fusion splicing between negative curvature hollow-core fibers and conventional SMFs with a reverse-tapering method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:22470-22478. [PMID: 34266009 DOI: 10.1364/oe.432147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Negative curvature hollow-core fibers (NC-HCFs) can boost the excellent performance of HCFs in terms of propagation loss, nonlinearity, and latency, while retaining large core and delicate cladding structures, which makes them distinctly different from conventional fibers. Construction of low-loss all-fiber NC-HCF architecture with conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) is important for various applications. Here we demonstrate an efficient and reliable fusion splicing method to achieve low-loss connection between a NC-HCF and a conventional SMF. By controlling the mode-field profile of the SMF with a two-step reverse-tapering method, we realize a record-low insertion loss of 0.88 dB for a SMF/NC-HCF/SMF chain at 1310 nm. Our method is simple, effective, and reliable, compared with those methods that rely on intermediate bridging elements, such as graded-index fibers, and can greatly facilitate the integration of NC-HCFs and promote more advanced applications with such fibers.
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12
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Luan J, Russell PSJ, Novoa D. Efficient self-compression of ultrashort near-UV pulses in air-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13787-13793. [PMID: 33985107 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report generation of ultrashort near-UV pulses by soliton self-compression in kagomé-style hollow-core photonic crystal fibers filled with ambient air. Pump pulses with the energy of 2.6 µJ and duration of 54 fs at 400 nm were compressed temporally by a factor of 5, to a duration of ∼11 fs. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations, showing that both Raman and Kerr effects play a role in the compression dynamics. The convenience of using ambient air and the absence of glass windows that would distort the compressed pulses makes the setup highly attractive as the basis of an efficient table-top UV pulse compressor.
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13
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Mid-Infrared Ultra-Short Pulse Generation in a Gas-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Pumped by Two-Color Pulses. FIBERS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fib9040021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We show numerically that ultra-short pulses can be generated in the mid-infrared when a gas filled hollow-core fiber is pumped by a fundamental pulse and its second harmonic. The generation process originates from a cascaded nonlinear phenomenon starting from a spectral broadening of the two pulses followed by an induced phase-matched four wave-mixing lying in the mid-infrared combined with a dispersive wave. By selecting this mid-infrared band with a spectral filter, we demonstrate the generation of ultra-short 60 fs pulses at a 3–4 µm band and a pulse duration of 20 fs can be reached with an additional phase compensator.
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14
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Gavara T, Hasan MI, Abu Hassan MR, Deng A, Chang W. Band-edge mediated frequency down-conversion in a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6815-6818. [PMID: 33325903 DOI: 10.1364/ol.411109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate frequency down-conversions of femtosecond pulses through dispersive wave generation and degenerate four-wave mixing in a gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core fiber. These are achieved by exploiting the rapid variation of the dispersion in the fiber's transmission band edge. In this approach, the wavelength of the down-shifted radiation is governed solely by the thickness of the dielectric wall at the core-cladding interface, while other system parameters are accountable only for inducing sufficient nonlinear phase shifts. With the right choice of cladding wall thickness, the concept can be applied directly for generating high-power mid-infrared femtosecond pulses.
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15
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Sakr H, Chen Y, Jasion GT, Bradley TD, Hayes JR, Mulvad HCH, Davidson IA, Numkam Fokoua E, Poletti F. Hollow core optical fibres with comparable attenuation to silica fibres between 600 and 1100 nm. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6030. [PMID: 33247139 PMCID: PMC7695690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 50 years, pure or doped silica glass optical fibres have been an unrivalled platform for the transmission of laser light and optical data at wavelengths from the visible to the near infra-red. Rayleigh scattering, arising from frozen-in density fluctuations in the glass, fundamentally limits the minimum attenuation of these fibres and hence restricts their application, especially at shorter wavelengths. Guiding light in hollow (air) core fibres offers a potential way to overcome this insurmountable attenuation limit set by the glass’s scattering, but requires reduction of all the other loss-inducing mechanisms. Here we report hollow core fibres, of nested antiresonant design, with losses comparable or lower than achievable in solid glass fibres around technologically relevant wavelengths of 660, 850, and 1060 nm. Their lower than Rayleigh scattering loss in an air-guiding structure offers the potential for advances in quantum communications, data transmission, and laser power delivery. Hollow core fibers have low light attenuation because the light travels through air rather than glass, but other sources of loss have limited the performance so far. Here the authors design and demonstrate a Nested Antiresonant Nodeless hollow core fiber that has losses competitive with standard solid-core fiber at several important wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham Sakr
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Yong Chen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.,Lumenisity Ltd, Unit 7, The Quadrangle, Southampton, SO51 9DL, UK
| | - Gregory T Jasion
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas D Bradley
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - John R Hayes
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Hans Christian H Mulvad
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian A Davidson
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Eric Numkam Fokoua
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK
| | - Francesco Poletti
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, UK.
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Chang G, Wei Z. Ultrafast Fiber Lasers: An Expanding Versatile Toolbox. iScience 2020; 23:101101. [PMID: 32408170 PMCID: PMC7225726 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast fiber lasers have gained rapid advances in last decades for their intrinsic merits such as potential of all-fiber format, excellent beam quality, superior power scalability, and high single-pass gain, which opened widespread applications in high-field science, laser machining, precision metrology, optical communication, microscopy and spectroscopy, and modern ophthalmology, to name a few. Performance of an ultrafast fiber laser is well defined by the laser parameters including repetition rate, spectral bandwidth, pulse duration, pulse energy, wavelength tuning range, and average power. During past years, these parameters have been pushed to an unprecedented level. In this paper, we review these enabling technologies and explicitly show that the nonlinear interaction between ultrafast pulses and optical fibers plays the essential role. As a result of rapid development in both active and passive fibers, the toolbox of ultrafast fiber lasers will continue to expand and provide solutions to scientific and industrial problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
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17
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Kudlinski A, Cassez A, Vanvincq O, Septier D, Pastre A, Habert R, Baudelle K, Douay M, Mytskaniuk V, Tsvirkun V, Rigneault H, Bouwmans G. Double clad tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber for nonlinear microendoscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:15062-15070. [PMID: 32403539 DOI: 10.1364/oe.389084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and characterization of the first double clad tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber. It allows to deliver ultrashort pulses without temporal nor spectral distortions in the 700-1000 nm wavelength range and to efficiently collect scattered light in a high numerical aperture double clad. The output fiber mode is shaped with a silica microsphere generating a photonic nanojet, making it well suitable for nonlinear microendoscopy application. Additionally, we provide an open access software allowing to find optimal drawing parameters for the fabrication of tubular hollow core fibers.
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18
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Suo X, Yu H, Li J, Wu X. Transmissive resonant fiber-optic gyroscope employing Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2227-2230. [PMID: 32287200 DOI: 10.1364/ol.388274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A novel scheme for a double closed-loop resonant fiber-optic gyroscope (R-FOG) employing a high-performance transmissive Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF) resonator is proposed. We use specially designed Kagome HCPCFs and a meniscus lens module to form a resonator, whose finesse is 58.2 with a length of 5.6 m and a diameter of 13 cm; the theoretical sensitivity of the R-FOG is better than 0.05°/h. Based on the novel Kagome HCPCF resonator, a double closed-loop R-FOG is set up and the performance of the R-FOG system is experimentally studied. It demonstrates that white noise dominates in the output at the integration time of 200 s and a bias stability of 0.15°/h and angle random walk coefficient of $0.04^{\circ}\,{\rm h}^{1/2}$0.04∘h1/2 are achieved. Over a dynamic range of ${-}{100}^\circ {\rm /s}$-100∘/s to 100°/s, the scale factor nonlinearity of the FOG is 310 ppm, which shows significant improvement compared with the single closed-loop R-FOG system. The novel double closed-loop R-FOG proposed is quite feasible for tactical grade applications.
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19
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Jaworski P, Krzempek K, Dudzik G, Sazio PJ, Belardi W. Nitrous oxide detection at 5.26 µm with a compound glass antiresonant hollow-core optical fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1326-1329. [PMID: 32163956 DOI: 10.1364/ol.383861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser-based gas sensors utilizing various light-gas interaction phenomena have proved their capacity for detecting different gases. However, achieving reasonable sensitivity, especially in the mid-infrared, is crucial. Improving sensor detectivity usually requires incorporating multipass cells, which increase the light-gas interaction path length at a cost of reduced stability. An unconventional solution comes with the aid of hollow-core fibers. In such a fiber, light is guided inside an air-core which, when filled with the analyte gas can serve as a low-volume and robust absorption cell. Here we report on the use of a borosilicate antiresonant hollow-core fiber for laser-based gas sensing. Due to its unique structure and guidance, this fiber provides low-loss, single-mode transmission $ {\gt} {5}\;{\unicode{x00B5}{\rm m}}$>5µm. The feasibility of using the fiber as a gas cell was verified by detecting nitrous oxide at 5.26 µm with a minimum detection limit of 20 ppbv.
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20
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Cirmi G, Çankaya H, Krogen P, Calendron AL, Hua Y, Debord B, Gérôme F, Benabid F, Kärtner FX. Novel method for the angular chirp compensation of passively CEP-stable few-cycle pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:3171-3178. [PMID: 32121990 DOI: 10.1364/oe.384290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel, energy-efficient, cost-effective simple method for seeding CEP-stable OPCPAs. We couple the CEP-stable idler of a broadband OPCPA into a hollow core Kagome fiber thus compensating for the angular chirp. We obtain either relatively narrow bandwidths with ∼36% coupling efficiency or quarter-octave spanning bandwidths with ∼2.2% coupling efficiency. We demonstrate spectral compressibility, good beam quality and CEP stability. Our source is an ideal seed for high-energy, high-average power, CEP-stable few-cycle OPCPA pulses around 2 µm, which can drive the generation of coherent soft X-ray radiation in the water window spectral region via HHG.
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21
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Jasion GT, Hayes JR, Wheeler NV, Chen Y, Bradley TD, Richardson DJ, Poletti F. Fabrication of tubular anti-resonant hollow core fibers: modelling, draw dynamics and process optimization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20567-20582. [PMID: 31510148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of hollow core microstructured fibers is significantly more complex than solid fibers due to the necessity to control the hollow microstructure with high precision during the draw. We present the first model that can recreate tubular anti-resonant hollow core fiber draws, and accurately predict the draw parameters and geometry of the fiber. The model was validated against two different experimental fiber draws and very good agreement was found. We identify a dynamic within the draw process that can lead to a premature and irreversible contact between neighboring capillaries inside the hot zone, and describe mitigating strategies. We then use the model to explore the tolerance of the draw process to unavoidable structural variations within the preform, and to study feasibility and limiting phenomena of increasing the produced yield. We discover that the aspect ratio of the capillaries used in the preform has a direct effect on the uniformity of drawn fibers. Starting from high precision preforms the model predicts that it could be possible to draw 100 km of fiber from a single meter of preform.
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22
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Femtosecond nonlinear absorption and optical limiting action in nanoplatelet CuFe2O4-decorated rGO nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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23
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Andreana M, Le T, Drexler W, Unterhuber A. Ultrashort pulse Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber delivery for nonlinear optical imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:1588-1591. [PMID: 30933097 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.001588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report ultrashort pulse delivery through a hypocycloid-core inhibited-coupling Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). Undistorted 10 fs and 6.6 nJ pulses were launched through 1 m long fiber without fiber dispersion pre-compensation and 80% efficiency. The performance of this technology for biomedical imaging is demonstrated on a biological sample by incorporating the fiber into a two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) laser scanning microscope (LSM) achieving a pulse width of 15 fs at the sample location. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on undistorted TPEF imaging in a LSM with 15 fs pulses delivered through a 1 m long Kagome HC-PCF with high throughput.
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24
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Ando RF, Hartung A, Jang B, Schmidt MA. Approximate model for analyzing band structures of single-ring hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:10009-10021. [PMID: 31045148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precise knowledge of modal behavior is of essential importance for understanding light guidance, particularly in hollow-core fibers. Here we present a semi-analytical model that allows determination of bands formed in revolver-type anti-resonant hollow-core fibers. The approach is independent of the actual arrangement of the anti-resonant elements, does not enforce artificial lattice arrangements and allows determination of the effective indices of modes of preselected order. The simulations show two classes of modes: (i) low-order modes exhibiting effective indices with moderate slopes and (ii) a high number of high-order modes with very strong effective index dispersion, forming a quasi-continuum of modes. It is shown that the mode density scales with the square of the normalized frequency, being to some extent similar to the behavior of multimode fibers.
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Abstract
Since their inception, about 20 years ago, hollow-core photonic crystal fiber and its gas-filled form are now establishing themselves both as a platform in advancing our knowledge on how light is confined and guided in microstructured dielectric optical waveguides, and a remarkable enabler in a large and diverse range of fields. The latter spans from nonlinear and coherent optics, atom optics and laser metrology, quantum information to high optical field physics and plasma physics. Here, we give a historical account of the major seminal works, we review the physics principles underlying the different optical guidance mechanisms that have emerged and how they have been used as design tools to set the current state-of-the-art in the transmission performance of such fibers. In a second part of this review, we give a nonexhaustive, yet representative, list of the different applications where gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber played a transformative role, and how the achieved results are leading to the emergence of a new field, which could be coined “Gas photonics”. We particularly stress on the synergetic interplay between glass, gas, and light in founding this new fiber science and technology.
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26
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Kakkava E, Romito M, Conkey DB, Loterie D, Stankovic KM, Moser C, Psaltis D. Selective femtosecond laser ablation via two-photon fluorescence imaging through a multimode fiber. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:423-433. [PMID: 30800490 PMCID: PMC6377891 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the ability of a multimode fiber probe to provide two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging feedback that guides the femtosecond laser ablation (FLA) in biological samples for highly selective modifications. We implement the system through the propagation of high power femtosecond pulses through a graded-index (GRIN) multimode fiber and we investigate the limitations posed by the high laser peak intensities required for laser ablation. We demonstrate that the GRIN fiber probe can deliver laser intensities up to 1.5x1013 W/cm2, sufficient for the ablation of a wide range of materials, including biological samples. Wavefront shaping through an ultrathin probe of around 400 μm in diameter is used for diffraction limited focusing and digital scanning of the focus spot. Selective FLA of cochlear hair cells is performed based on the TPF images obtained through the same multimode fiber probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kakkava
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marilisa Romito
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Donald B. Conkey
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Damien Loterie
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konstantina M. Stankovic
- Department of Otolaryngology and Eaton Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Moser
- Laboratory of Applied Photonic Devices, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Demetri Psaltis
- Optics Laboratory, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale De Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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27
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Ou S, Liu G, Guo L, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. 870 fs, 448 kHz pulses from an all-polarization-maintaining Yb-doped fiber laser with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:5068-5071. [PMID: 30117967 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.005068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a mode-locked long all-polarization-maintaining fiber laser with a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The fiber oscillator directly delivers 221 ps chirped pulses at the repetition rate of 448 kHz. The pulses can be further amplified up to 134 nJ and compressed down to 870 fs by a grating pair. This kind of laser is self-starting and stable long term, and it has potential application in high-power fiber amplification for industrial applications.
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Mousavi SA, Mulvad HCH, Wheeler NV, Horak P, Hayes J, Chen Y, Bradley TD, Alam SU, Sandoghchi SR, Fokoua EN, Richardson DJ, Poletti F. Nonlinear dynamic of picosecond pulse propagation in atmospheric air-filled hollow core fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8866-8882. [PMID: 29715848 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric air-filled hollow core (HC) fibers, representing the simplest yet reliable form of gas-filled hollow core fiber, show remarkable nonlinear properties and have several interesting applications such as pulse compression, frequency conversion and supercontinuum generation. Although the propagation of sub-picosecond and few hundred picosecond pulses are well-studied in air-filled fibers, the nonlinear response of air to pulses with a duration of a few picoseconds has interesting features that have not yet been explored fully. Here, we experimentally and theoretically study the nonlinear propagation of ~6 ps pulses in three different types of atmospheric air-filled HC fiber. With this pulse length, we were able to explore different nonlinear characteristics of air at different power levels. Using in-house-fabricated, state-of-the-art HC photonic bandgap, HC tubular and HC Kagomé fibers, we were able to associate the origin of the initial pulse broadening process in these fibers to rotational Raman scattering (RRS) at low power levels. Due to the broadband and low loss transmission window of the HC Kagomé fiber we used, we observed the transition from initial pulse broadening (by RRS) at lower powers, through long-range frequency conversion (2330 cm-1) with the help of vibrational Raman scattering, to broadband (~700 nm) supercontinuum generation at high power levels. To model such a wide range of nonlinear processes in a unified approach, we have implemented a semi-quantum model for air into the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which surpasses the limits of the common single damping oscillator model in this pulse length regime. The model has been validated by comparison with experimental results and provides a powerful tool for the design, modeling and optimization of nonlinear processes in air-filled HC fibers.
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30
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Maurel M, Chafer M, Amsanpally A, Adnan M, Amrani F, Debord B, Vincetti L, Gérôme F, Benabid F. Optimized inhibited-coupling Kagome fibers at Yb-Nd:Yag (8.5 dB/km) and Ti:Sa (30 dB/km) ranges. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1598-1601. [PMID: 29601039 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of hypocycloid core-contour inhibited-coupling (IC) Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) with record transmission loss and spectral coverage that include the common industrial laser wavelengths. Using the scaling of the confinement loss with the core-contour negative curvature and the silica strut thickness, we fabricated an IC Kagome HC-PCF for Yb and Nd:Yag laser guidance with record loss level of 8.5 dB/km associated with a 225-nm-wide 3-dB bandwidth. A second HC-PCF is fabricated with reduced silica strut thickness while keeping the hypocycloid core contour. It exhibits a fundamental transmission window spanning down to the Ti:Sa spectral range and a loss figure of 30 dB/km at 750 nm. The fibers' modal properties and bending sensitivity show these HC-PCFs to be ideal for ultralow-loss, flexible, and robust laser beam delivery.
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31
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Benoît A, Ilinova E, Beaudou B, Debord B, Gérôme F, Benabid F. Spectral-temporal dynamics of high power Raman picosecond pulse using H 2-filled Kagome HC-PCF. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3896-3899. [PMID: 28957155 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spectral-temporal characterization of a 1.8 μm wavelength and high power picosecond pulse Raman source. It is generated via frequency conversion to the first-order Stokes of a 27 ps chirped pulse Yb-doped fiber laser inside a molecular hydrogen-filled Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). Depending on the average power and chirp of the pump laser, the average power of this Raman source can be as high as 9.3 W, and its pulse duration can be as short as ∼17 ps. In agreement with stimulated Raman scattering under the very high gain transient regime, the experimental results show the Stokes spectral structure to change following a three-stage sequence when the average pump power is increased. For a pump with a chirp corresponding to a bandwidth of 200 GHz, we found that for a pump power lower than 7 W, the Stokes spectrum is generated from the blue side of the pump spectrum, and then it exhibits a spectral replica of the pump spectrum for 7-14 W pump power range. Finally,the Stokes spectrum is chiefly generated from the red side of the pump spectrum when the pump power is further increased. Conversely, the Stokes pulse temporal profile shows a strong dependence with the pump power. For a low pump power range, the Stokes pulse exhibits a single peak with a full width at half-maximum of ∼17 ps. For higher pump powers, the Stokes pulse presents a double-peak structure with each peak having a duration of less than 15 ps. The present results can be used to develop compact and efficient frequency down-convertors to the increasingly widespread Yb-based picosecond lasers.
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32
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Wheeler NV, Bradley TD, Hayes JR, Gouveia MA, Liang S, Chen Y, Sandoghchi SR, Abokhamis Mousavi SM, Poletti F, Petrovich MN, Richardson DJ. Low-loss Kagome hollow-core fibers operating from the near- to the mid-IR. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2571-2574. [PMID: 28957287 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the fabrication and characterization of Kagome hollow-core antiresonant fibers, which combine low attenuation (as measured at ∼30 cm bend diameter) with a wide operating bandwidth and high modal purity. Record low attenuation values are reported: 12.3 dB/km, 13.9 dB/km, and 9.6 dB/km in three different fibers optimized for operation at 1 μm, 1.55 μm, and 2.5 μm, respectively. These fibers are excellent candidates for ultra-high power delivery at key laser wavelengths including 1.064 μm and 2.94 μm, as well as for applications in gas-based sensing and nonlinear optics.
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33
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Bock V, Plötner M, De Vries O, Nold J, Haarlammert N, Schreiber T, Eberhardt R, Tünnermann A. Modal content measurements (S 2) of negative curvature hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:3006-3012. [PMID: 28241518 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present modal content measurements (S2) of two different negative curvature hollow-core photonic crystal fibers: a kagome fiber and an ice cream cone fiber. Their sensitivity towards mode matching, bending and polarization is analyzed. For the kagome fiber, a higher order mode suppression of 17dB under optimal conditions was achieved, and for the ice cream cone fiber there was a suppression of up to 42dB. Polarization turned out to be a critical parameter for good higher order mode suppression in both fibers.
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34
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Gao SF, Wang YY, Liu XL, Hong C, Gu S, Wang P. Nodeless hollow-core fiber for the visible spectral range. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:61-64. [PMID: 28059178 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on a hollow-core fiber (HCF) whose fundamental transmission band covers almost the whole visible spectral window, starting at 440 nm. This HCF, in the form of a nodeless structure (NL-HCF), exhibits unprecedented optical performance in terms of low transmission attenuation of 80 dB/km at 532 nm, a broad transmission bandwidth from 440 to 1200 nm, a low bending loss of 0.2 dB/m at 532 nm under 8 cm bending radius, and single-mode profile. When launched to high-power picosecond laser systems at 532 nm, the fiber, exposed to ambient air, could easily deliver an 80 ps, 58 MHz, 32 W average power laser pulse with no damage and a 20 ps, 1 kHz high-energy laser pulse with a damage threshold in excess of 144 μJ at a fiber output. A proof-of-concept experiment on Raman spectroscopy in ambient air shows the significance of this broadband visible guiding HCF for interdisciplinary applications in nonlinear optics, ultrafast optics, lasers, spectroscopy, biophotonics, material processing, etc.
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35
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Mousavi SA, Sandoghchi SR, Richardson DJ, Poletti F. Broadband high birefringence and polarizing hollow core antiresonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:22943-22958. [PMID: 27828361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.022943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We systematically study different approaches to introduce high birefringence and high polarization extinction ratio in hollow core antiresonant fibers. Having shown the ineffectiveness of elliptical cores to induce large birefringence in hollow core fibers, we focus on designing and optimizing polarization maintaining Hollow Core Nested Antiresonant Nodeless Fibers (HC-NANF). In a first approach, we create and exploit anti-crossings with glass modes at different wavelengths for the two polarizations. We show that suitable low loss high birefringence regions can be obtained by appropriately modifying the thickness of tubes along one direction while leaving the tubes in the orthogonal direction unchanged and in antiresonance. Using this concept, we propose a new birefringent NANF design providing low loss (~40dB/km) and high birefringence (>10-4) over a record bandwidth of ~550nm, and discuss how bandwidth can be traded off to further reduce the loss to a few dB/km. Finally, we propose a polarization mode-stripping technique in the birefringent NANF. As a demonstration, we propose a polarizing birefringent NANF design that can achieve orthogonal polarization loss ratios as large as 30dB over the C-band while eliminating any undesirable polarization coupling effect thereby resulting in a single polarization output in a hollow core fiber regardless of the input polarization state.
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36
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Bradley TD, Wheeler NV, Jasion GT, Gray D, Hayes J, Gouveia MA, Sandoghchi SR, Chen Y, Poletti F, Richardson D, Petrovich M. Modal content in hypocycloid Kagomé hollow core photonic crystal fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:15798-15812. [PMID: 27410850 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.015798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The modal content of 7 and 19 cell Kagomé anti resonant hollow core fibers (K-ARF) with hypocycloid core surrounds is experimentally investigated through the spectral and spatial (S2) imaging technique. It is observed that the 7 and 19 cell K-ARF reported here, support 4 and 7 LP mode groups respectively, however the observation that K-ARF support few mode groups is likely to be ubiquitous to 7 and 19 cell K-ARFs. The transmission loss of the higher order modes (HOMs) was measured via S2 and a cutback method. In the 7 cell K-ARF it is found that the LP11 and LP21 modes have approximately 3.6 and 5.7 times the loss of the fundamental mode (FM), respectively. In the 19 cell it is found that the LP11 mode has approximately 2.57 times the loss of the FM, while the LP02 mode has approximately 2.62 times the loss of the FM. Additionally, bend loss in these fibers is studied for the first time using S2 to reveal the effect of bend on modal content. Our measurements demonstrate that K-ARFs support a few mode groups and indicate that the differential loss of the HOMs is not substantially higher than that of the FM, and that bending the fiber does not induce significant inter modal coupling. A study of three different input beam coupling configurations demonstrates increased HOM excitation at output and a non-Gaussian profile of the output beam if poor mode field matching is achieved.
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37
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Gao SF, Wang YY, Liu XL, Ding W, Wang P. Bending loss characterization in nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:14801-11. [PMID: 27410632 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.014801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report high performance nodeless hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (HARFs) with broadband guidance from 850 nm to >1700 nm and transmission attenuation of ~100 dB/km. We systematically investigate their bending loss behaviors using both theoretical and experimental approaches. While a low bending loss value of 0.2 dB/m at 5 cm bending radius is attained in the long wavelength side (LWS) of the spectrum, in this paper, we pursue light guidance in the short wavelength side (SWS) under tight bending, which is yet to be explored. We analytically predict and experimentally verify a sub transmission band in the SWS with a broad bandwidth of 110 THz and an acceptable loss of 4.5 dB/m at 2 cm bending radius, indicating that light can be simultaneously guided in LWS and SWS even under tight bending condition. This provides an unprecedented degree of freedom to tailor the transmission spectrum under a tight bending state and opens new opportunities for HARFs to march into practical applications where broadband guidance under small bending radius is a prerequisite.
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38
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Vincetti L. Empirical formulas for calculating loss in hollow core tube lattice fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:10313-10325. [PMID: 27409856 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper scaling laws governing loss in hollow core tube lattice fibers are numerically investigated and discussed. Moreover, by starting from the analysis of the obtained numerical results, empirical formulas for the estimation of the minimum values of confinement loss, absorption loss, and surface scattering loss inside the transmission band are obtained. The proposed formulas show a good accuracy for fibers designed for applications ranging from THz to ultra violet band.
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39
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Vial F, Gadonna K, Debord B, Delahaye F, Amrani F, Leroy O, Gérôme F, Benabid F. Generation of surface-wave microwave microplasmas in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber based on a split-ring resonator. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:2286-2289. [PMID: 27176984 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.002286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on a new and highly compact scheme for the generation and sustainment of microwave-driven plasmas inside the core of an inhibited coupling Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. The microwave plasma generator consists of a split-ring resonator that efficiently couples the microwave field into the gas-filled fiber. This coupling induces the concomitant generation of a microwave surface wave at the fiber core surround and a stable plasma column confined in the fiber core. The scheme allowed the generation of several centimeters long argon microplasma columns with a very low excitation power threshold. This result represents an important step toward highly compact plasma lasers or plasma-based photonic components.
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40
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41
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Ding W, Wang YY. Hybrid transmission bands and large birefringence in hollow-core anti-resonant fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:21165-21174. [PMID: 26367966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.021165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We identify, for the first time to our best knowledge, a new type of transmission band having hybrid resonance nature in hollow-core anti-resonant fibers (ARF). We elucidate its unique phase-locking feature of the electric field at the outermost boundary. Exploiting this hybrid band, large birefringence in the order of 10(-4) is obtained. Our analyses based on Kramer-Kronig relation and transverse field confinement interpret the link between the hybrid transmission band and the large birefringence. Guided by these analyses, an experimentally realizable polarization-maintaining ARF design is proposed by introducing multi-layered dielectric structure into a negative curvature core-surround. This multi-layered ARF possesses characteristics of low loss, broad transmission band and large birefringence simultaneously.
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42
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Jaworski P, Yu F, Carter RM, Knight JC, Shephard JD, Hand DP. High energy green nanosecond and picosecond pulse delivery through a negative curvature fiber for precision micro-machining. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:8498-8506. [PMID: 25968688 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present an anti-resonant guiding, low-loss Negative Curvature Fiber (NCF) for the efficient delivery of high energy short (ns) and ultrashort (ps) pulsed laser light in the green spectral region. The fabricated NCF has an attenuation of 0.15 dB/m and 0.18 dB/m at 532 nm and 515 nm respectively, and provided robust transmission of nanosecond and picosecond pulses with energies of 0.57 mJ (10.4 kW peak power) and 30 µJ (5 MW peak power) respectively. It provides single-mode, stable (low bend-sensitivity) output and maintains spectral and temporal properties of the source laser beam. The practical application of fiber-delivered pulses has been demonstrated in precision micro-machining and marking of metals and glass.
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43
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Guichard F, Giree A, Zaouter Y, Hanna M, Machinet G, Debord B, Gérôme F, Dupriez P, Druon F, Hönninger C, Mottay E, Benabid F, Georges P. Nonlinear compression of high energy fiber amplifier pulses in air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:7416-7423. [PMID: 25837083 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.007416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the generation of 34 fs and 50 µJ pulses from a high energy fiber amplifier system with nonlinear compression in an air-filled hypocycloid-core Kagome fiber. The unique properties of such fibers allow bridging the gap between solid core fibers-based and hollow capillary-based post-compression setups, thereby operating with pulse energies obtained with current state-of-the-art fiber systems. The overall transmission of the compression setup is over 70%. Together with Yb-doped fiber amplifier technologies, Kagome fibers therefore appear as a promising tool for efficient generation of pulses with durations below 50 fs, energies ranging from 10 to several hundreds of µJ, and high average powers.
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44
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Kolyadin A, Alagashev G, Pryamikov A, Mouradian L, Zeytunyan A, Toneyan H, Kosolapov A, Bufetov I. Negative Curvature Hollow-core Fibers: Dispersion Properties and Femtosecond Pulse Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2015.09.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Emaury F, Saraceno CJ, Debord B, Ghosh D, Diebold A, Gèrôme F, Südmeyer T, Benabid F, Keller U. Efficient spectral broadening in the 100-W average power regime using gas-filled kagome HC-PCF and pulse compression. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:6843-6846. [PMID: 25503011 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present nonlinear pulse compression of a high-power SESAM-modelocked thin-disk laser (TDL) using an Ar-filled hypocycloid-core kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). The output of the modelocked Yb:YAG TDL with 127 W average power, a pulse repetition rate of 7 MHz, and a pulse duration of 740 fs was spectrally broadened 16-fold while propagating in a kagome HC-PCF containing 13 bar of static argon gas. Subsequent compression tests performed using 8.4% of the full available power resulted in a pulse duration as short as 88 fs using the spectrally broadened output from the fiber. Compressing the full transmitted power through the fiber (118 W) could lead to a compressed output of >100 W of average power and >100 MW of peak power with an average power compression efficiency of 88%. This simple laser system with only one ultrafast laser oscillator and a simple single-pass fiber pulse compressor, generating both high peak power >100 MW and sub-100-fs pulses at megahertz repetition rate, is very interesting for many applications such as high harmonic generation and attosecond science with improved signal-to-noise performance.
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