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He T, Liu T, Xiao S, Wei Z, Wang Z, Zhou L, Cheng X. Perfect anomalous reflectors at optical frequencies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk3381. [PMID: 35235364 PMCID: PMC8890712 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reflecting light to a predetermined nonspecular direction is an important ability of metasurfaces, which is the basis for a wide range of applications (e.g., beam steering/splitting and imaging). However, anomalous reflection with 100% efficiency has not been achieved at optical frequencies yet, because of losses and/or insufficient nonlocal control of light waves. Here, we propose an all-dielectric quasi-three-dimensional subwavelength structure, consisting of multilayer films and metagratings, to achieve perfect anomalous reflections at optical frequencies. A complex multiple scattering process was stimulated by effectively coupling different Bloch waves and propagating waves, thus offering the metasystem the desired nonlocal control on light waves required by perfect anomalous reflections. Two perfect anomalous reflectors were demonstrated to reflect normally incident 1550-nm light to the 40°/75° directions with absolute efficiencies of 99%/99% in design (98%/88% in experiment). Our results pave the way toward realizing optical metadevices with desired high efficiencies in realistic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Joint International Research Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Advanced Communication, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zeyong Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhanshan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xinbin Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Institute of Intelligent Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Digital Optics, Shanghai 200092, China
- Corresponding author. (Z.W.); (L.Z.); (X.C.)
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Gortari AN, Bouchoule S, Cambril E, Cattoni A, Hauke L, Enderlein J, Rehfeldt F, Yacomotti A. Metasurface-based total internal reflection microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1967-1976. [PMID: 32341860 PMCID: PMC7173909 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a tremendous progress in the development of dielectric metasurfaces for visible light applications. Such metasurfaces are ultra-thin optical devices that can manipulate optical wavefronts in an arbitrary manner. Here, we present a newly developed metasurface which allows for coupling light into a microscopy coverslip to achieve total internal reflection (TIR) excitation. TIR fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) is an important bioimaging technique used specifically to image cellular membranes or surface-localized molecules with high contrast and low background. Its most commonly used modality is objective-type TIRFM where one couples a focused excitation laser beam at the edge of the back focal aperture of an oil-immersion objective with high numerical aperture (N.A.) to realize a high incident-angle plane wave excitation above the critical TIR angle in sample space. However, this requires bulky and expensive objectives with a limited field-of-view (FOV). The metasurface which we describe here represents a low cost and easy-to-use alternative for TIRFM. It consists of periodic 2D arrays of asymmetric structures fabricated in TiO2 on borosilicate glass. It couples up to 70% of the incident non-reflected light into the first diffraction order at an angle of 65° in glass, which is above the critical TIR angle for a glass-water interface. Only ∼7% of the light leaks into propagating modes traversing the glass surface, thus minimizing any spurious background fluorescence originating far outside the glass substrate. We describe in detail design and fabrication of the metasurface, and validate is applicability for TIRFM by imaging immunostained human mesenchymal stem cells over a FOV of 200 µm x 200 µm. We envision that these kinds of metasurfaces can become a valuable tool for low-cost and TIRFM, offering high contrast, low photodamage, and high surface selectivity in fluorescence excitation and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antu Nehuen Gortari
- Ctr. de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Sophie Bouchoule
- Ctr. de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Edmond Cambril
- Ctr. de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Andrea Cattoni
- Ctr. de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Lara Hauke
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Enderlein
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Yacomotti
- Ctr. de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Univ. Paris-Sud, Univ. Paris-Saclay, France
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Matsui T, Yamashita S, Wado H, Fujikawa H, Iizuka H. Flat grating lens utilizing widely variable transmission-phase via guided-modes. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:25-28. [PMID: 25531599 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate a polarization-independent flat grating lens in the near-infrared region. The grating lens consists of ridges in the square lattice arrangement, and the ridge dimensions are gradually changed to distribute a phase map with focusing ability. It is well known that guided modes in gratings offer unity-reflection at a resonance, and therefore the transmission phase is widely varied around the resonance. We employ such transmission phase behavior and show that high transmittance is obtained in each unit cell for wide variation range of the transmission phase at the operation wavelength by sharpening the resonance. This enables us to accomplish a highly efficient transmissive grating lens.
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