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Morana A, Marin E, Lablonde L, Blanchet T, Robin T, Cheymol G, Laffont G, Boukenter A, Ouerdane Y, Girard S. Radiation Effects on Fiber Bragg Gratings: Vulnerability and Hardening Studies. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8175. [PMID: 36365872 PMCID: PMC9656723 DOI: 10.3390/s22218175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are point optical fiber sensors that allow the monitoring of a diversity of environmental parameters, e.g., temperature or strain. Several research groups have studied radiation effects on the grating response, as they are implemented in harsh environments: high energy physics, space, and nuclear facilities. We report here the advances made to date in studies regarding the vulnerability and hardening of this sensor under radiation. First, we introduce its principle of operation. Second, the different grating inscription techniques are briefly illustrated as well as the differences among the various types. Then, we focus on the radiation effects induced on different FBGs. Radiation induces a shift in their Bragg wavelengths, which is a property serving to measure environmental parameters. This radiation-induced Bragg wavelength shift (RI-BWS) leads to a measurement error, whose amplitude and kinetics depend on many parameters: inscription conditions, fiber type, pre- or post-treatments, and irradiation conditions (nature, dose, dose rate, and temperature). Indeed, the radiation hardness of an FBG is not directly related to that of the fiber where it has been photo-inscribed by a laser. We review the influence of all these parameters and discuss how it is possible to manufacture FBGs with limited RI-BWS, opening the way to their implementation in radiation-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Morana
- UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Marin
- UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Thomas Blanchet
- CEA List, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Guy Cheymol
- CEA, Service d’Études Analytiques et de Réactivité des Surfaces, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Aziz Boukenter
- UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Youcef Ouerdane
- UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sylvain Girard
- UJM, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, University of Lyon, UMR 5516, 18 rue Prof. B. Lauras, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
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Laffont G, Cotillard R, Roussel N, Desmarchelier R, Rougeault S. Temperature Resistant Fiber Bragg Gratings for On-Line and Structural Health Monitoring of the Next-Generation of Nuclear Reactors. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18061791. [PMID: 29865238 PMCID: PMC6021928 DOI: 10.3390/s18061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The harsh environment associated with the next generation of nuclear reactors is a great challenge facing all new sensing technologies to be deployed for on-line monitoring purposes and for the implantation of SHM methods. Sensors able to resist sustained periods at very high temperatures continuously as is the case within sodium-cooled fast reactors require specific developments and evaluations. Among the diversity of optical fiber sensing technologies, temperature resistant fiber Bragg gratings are increasingly being considered for the instrumentation of future nuclear power plants, especially for components exposed to high temperature and high radiation levels. Research programs are supporting the developments of optical fiber sensors under mixed high temperature and radiative environments leading to significant increase in term of maturity. This paper details the development of temperature-resistant wavelength-multiplexed fiber Bragg gratings for temperature and strain measurements and their characterization for on-line monitoring into the liquid sodium used as a coolant for the next generation of fast reactors.
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