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Karimi Y, Yang H, Liu J, Park BH, Chamanzar M. Enhanced spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using in situ ultrasonic virtual tunable optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34256-34275. [PMID: 36242442 DOI: 10.1364/oe.462500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A conventional optical lens can enhance lateral resolution in optical coherence tomography (OCT) by focusing the input light onto the sample. However, the typical Gaussian beam profile of such a lens will impose a tradeoff between the depth of focus (DOF) and the lateral resolution. The lateral resolution is often compromised to achieve a mm-scale DOF. We have experimentally shown that using a cascade system of an ultrasonic virtual tunable optical waveguide (UVTOW) and a short focal-length lens can provide a large DOF without severely compromising the lateral resolution compared to an external lens with the same effective focal length. In addition, leveraging the reconfigurability of UVTOW, we show that the focal length of the cascade system can be tuned without the need for mechanical translation of the optical lens. We compare the performance of the cascade system with a conventional optical lens to demonstrate enhanced DOF without compromising the lateral resolution as well as reconfigurability of UVTOW for OCT imaging.
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Zhu L, Makita S, Oida D, Miyazawa A, Oikawa K, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Distel M, Yasuno Y. Computational refocusing of Jones matrix polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and investigation of defocus-induced polarization artifacts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2975-2994. [PMID: 35774308 PMCID: PMC9203103 DOI: 10.1364/boe.454975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate a long-depth-of-focus imaging method using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). This method involves a combination of Fresnel-diffraction-model-based phase sensitive computational refocusing and Jones-matrix based PS-OCT (JM-OCT). JM-OCT measures four complex OCT images corresponding to four polarization channels. These OCT images are computationally refocused as preserving the mutual phase consistency. This method is validated using a static phantom, postmortem zebrafish, and ex vivo porcine muscle samples. All the samples demonstrated successful computationally-refocused birefringence and degree-of-polarization-uniformity (DOPU) images. We found that defocusing induces polarization artifacts, i.e., incorrectly high birefringence values and low DOPU values, which are substantially mitigated by computational refocusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Zhu
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Oida
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Arata Miyazawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Sky technology Inc., Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Oikawa
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zhao J, Winetraub Y, Yuan E, Chan WH, Aasi SZ, Sarin KY, Zohar O, de la Zerda A. Angular compounding for speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography using geometric image registration algorithm and digital focusing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1893. [PMID: 32024946 PMCID: PMC7002526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) suffers from speckle noise due to the high spatial coherence of the utilized light source, leading to significant reductions in image quality and diagnostic capabilities. In the past, angular compounding techniques have been applied to suppress speckle noise. However, existing image registration methods usually guarantee pure angular compounding only within a relatively small field of view in the focal region, but produce spatial averaging in the other regions, resulting in resolution loss and image blur. This work develops an image registration model to correctly localize the real-space location of every pixel in an OCT image, for all depths. The registered images captured at different angles are fused into a speckle-reduced composite image. Digital focusing, based on the convolution of the complex OCT images and the conjugate of the point spread function (PSF), is studied to further enhance lateral resolution and contrast. As demonstrated by experiments, angular compounding with our improved image registration techniques and digital focusing, can effectively suppress speckle noise, enhance resolution and contrast, and reveal fine structures in ex-vivo imaged tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Yonatan Winetraub
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Edwin Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Warren H Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Sumaira Z Aasi
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Kavita Y Sarin
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Orr Zohar
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Biophysics Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- The Bio-X Program, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
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Liao W, Chen T, Wang C, Zhang W, Peng Z, Zhang X, Ai S, Fu D, Zhou T, Xue P. Endoscopic optical coherence tomography with a focus-adjustable probe. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4040-4043. [PMID: 29028007 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a focus-adjustable endoscopic probe for optical coherence tomography (OCT), which is able to acquire images with different focal planes and overcome depth-of-focus limitations by image fusing. The use of a two-way shape-memory-alloy spring enables the probe to adjust working distance over 1.5 mm, providing a large scanning range with high resolution and no sensitivity loss. Equipped with a homemade hollow-core ultrasonic motor, the probe is capable of performing an unobstructed 360 deg field-of-view distal scanning. Both the axial resolution and the best lateral resolution are ∼4 μm, with a sensitivity of 100.3 dB. Spectral-domain OCT imaging of phantom and biological tissues with the probe is also demonstrated.
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Liu YZ, South FA, Xu Y, Carney PS, Boppart SA. Computational optical coherence tomography [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1549-1574. [PMID: 28663849 PMCID: PMC5480564 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an important imaging modality with numerous biomedical applications. Challenges in high-speed, high-resolution, volumetric OCT imaging include managing dispersion, the trade-off between transverse resolution and depth-of-field, and correcting optical aberrations that are present in both the system and sample. Physics-based computational imaging techniques have proven to provide solutions to these limitations. This review aims to outline these computational imaging techniques within a general mathematical framework, summarize the historical progress, highlight the state-of-the-art achievements, and discuss the present challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhi Liu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Fredrick A. South
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Yang Xu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - P. Scott Carney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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Xia W, Han S, Ullah N, Cao J, Wang L, Cao J, Cheng Y, Yu H. Design and modeling of three-dimensional laser imaging system based on streak tube. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:487-497. [PMID: 28157903 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the streak tube laser imaging system, there are two conflicts: the first is between high spatial resolution and wide field of view (FOV). The second is between high temporal resolution and deep depth of field (DOF). In this paper, a new non-scanning streak tube laser imaging system is presented. A microlens array with three different apertures is used to non-uniformly collect data from the image plane so the conflict between high spatial resolution and wide FOV is relieved and the detectable range of system is also increased. A remapping fiber optics with special design is used to realign the image plane on the two photocathodes of streak tubes to realize the operation mode of the two streak tubes so the conflict between high temporal resolution and deep DOF is relieved. The mathematical model of the entire imaging system is established based on the range equation. The structure parameters of the receiving optical system are optimized in order to achieve the optimal utilization rate of light energy. In the third, three simulated contrast experiments are organized, and the experiment results demonstrate that the imaging system proposed in this paper possesses properties of higher spatial resolution, wider FOV, higher temporal resolution, deeper DOF, and larger detectable range.
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Gagnon L, Smith AF, Boas DA, Devor A, Secomb TW, Sakadžić S. Modeling of Cerebral Oxygen Transport Based on In vivo Microscopic Imaging of Microvascular Network Structure, Blood Flow, and Oxygenation. Front Comput Neurosci 2016; 10:82. [PMID: 27630556 PMCID: PMC5006088 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2016.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is delivered to brain tissue by a dense network of microvessels, which actively control cerebral blood flow (CBF) through vasodilation and contraction in response to changing levels of neural activity. Understanding these network-level processes is immediately relevant for (1) interpretation of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) signals, and (2) investigation of neurological diseases in which a deterioration of neurovascular and neuro-metabolic physiology contributes to motor and cognitive decline. Experimental data on the structure, flow and oxygen levels of microvascular networks are needed, together with theoretical methods to integrate this information and predict physiologically relevant properties that are not directly measurable. Recent progress in optical imaging technologies for high-resolution in vivo measurement of the cerebral microvascular architecture, blood flow, and oxygenation enables construction of detailed computational models of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen transport based on realistic three-dimensional microvascular networks. In this article, we review state-of-the-art optical microscopy technologies for quantitative in vivo imaging of cerebral microvascular structure, blood flow and oxygenation, and theoretical methods that utilize such data to generate spatially resolved models for blood flow and oxygen transport. These “bottom-up” models are essential for the understanding of the processes governing brain oxygenation in normal and disease states and for eventual translation of the lessons learned from animal studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Gagnon
- Optics Division, Department of Radiology, MHG/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Amy F Smith
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de ToulouseToulouse, France; Department of Physiology, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ, USA
| | - David A Boas
- Optics Division, Department of Radiology, MHG/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Optics Division, Department of Radiology, MHG/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestown, MA, USA; Departments of Neurosciences and Radiology, University of California, San DiegoLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sava Sakadžić
- Optics Division, Department of Radiology, MHG/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Charlestown, MA, USA
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South FA, Liu YZ, Carney PS, Boppart SA. Computed Optical Interferometric Imaging: Methods, Achievements, and Challenges. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2016; 22:6800911. [PMID: 27795663 PMCID: PMC5082437 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2015.2493962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional high-resolution optical imaging systems are generally restricted by the trade-off between resolution and depth-of-field as well as imperfections in the imaging system or sample. Computed optical interferometric imaging is able to overcome these longstanding limitations using methods such as interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM) and computational adaptive optics (CAO) which manipulate the complex interferometric data. These techniques correct for limited depth-of-field and optical aberrations without the need for additional hardware. This paper aims to outline these computational methods, making them readily available to the research community. Achievements of the techniques will be highlighted, along with past and present challenges in implementing the techniques. Challenges such as phase instability and determination of the appropriate aberration correction have been largely overcome so that imaging of living tissues using ISAM and CAO is now possible. Computed imaging in optics is becoming a mature technology poised to make a significant impact in medicine and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrick A. South
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Yuan-Zhi Liu
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - P. Scott Carney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, also with the Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bioengineering, and Internal Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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