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Yang W, Lim DK. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Intra-Nanogap Au Plasmonic Nanostructures for Bioanalytical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002219. [PMID: 33063429 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering has attracted considerable attention in the fields of Raman-based bioanalytical applications and materials science. Various strategies have been proposed to prepare nanostructures with an inter- or intra-nanogap for fundamental study models or applications. This report focuses on recent advances in synthetic methods to fabricate intra-nanogap structures with diverse dimensions, with detailed focus on the theory and bioanalytical applications. Synthetic strategies ranging from the use of a silica layer to small molecules, the use of polymers and galvanic replacement, are extensively investigated. Furthermore, various core structures, such as spherical, rod-, and cube-shaped, are widely studied, and greatly expand the diversity of plasmonic nanostructures with an intra-nanogap. Theoretical calculations, ranging from the first plasmonic hybridization model that is applied to a concentric Au-SiO2 -Au nanosphere to the modern quantum corrected model, have evolved to accurately describe the plasmonic resonance property in concentric core-shell nanostructures with a subnanometer nanogap. The greatly enhanced and uniform Raman responses from the localized Raman reporter in the built-in nanogap have made it possible to achieve promising probes with an extraordinary high sensitivity in various formats, such as biomolecule detection, high-resolution cell imaging, and an in vivo imaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Yang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seong-buk gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seong-buk gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Nonlocal and quantum effects play an important role in accurately modeling the optical response of nanometer-sized metallic nanoparticles. These effects cannot be described by conventional classical theories, as they neglect essential microscopic details. Quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) has emerged as an excellent tool to correctly predict the nonlocal and quantum effects by taking into account the spatial dependence of the charge density. In this article, we used a QHT to investigate the impact of nonlocality and electron spill-out on the plasmonic behavior of spherical Na and Au nanoshells. We adopted a self-consistent way to compute the equilibrium charge density. The results predicted by QHT were compared with those obtained with the local response approximation (LRA) and the Thomas–Fermi hydrodynamic theory (TFHT). We found that nonlocal effects have a strong impact on both the near- and far-field optical properties of nanoshells, in particular, for the antibonding resonant mode. We also investigated the optical response of these systems for different thicknesses of the shell, both for Na and Au metals.
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Lin L, Zhang Q, Li X, Qiu M, Jiang X, Jin W, Gu H, Lei DY, Ye J. Electron Transport Across Plasmonic Molecular Nanogaps Interrogated with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2018; 12:6492-6503. [PMID: 29924592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport plays an important role in defining both far-field and near-field optical response of a plasmonic nanostructure with an ultrasmall built-in nanogap. As the gap size of a gold core-shell nanomatryoshka approaches the sub-nanometer length scale, charge transport may occur and strongly alter the near-field enhancement within the molecule-filled nanogap. In this work, we utilize ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to investigate the plasmonic near-field variation induced by the molecular junction conductance-assisted electron transport in gold nanomatryoshkas, termed gap-enhanced Raman tags (GERTs). The GERTs, with interior gaps from 0.7 to 2 nm, are prepared with a wet chemistry method. Our experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the electron transport through the molecular junction influences both far-field and near-field optical properties of the GERTs. In the far-field extinction response, the low-energy gap mode predicted by a classical electromagnetic model (CEM) is strongly quenched and hence unobservable in the experiment, which can be well explained by a quantum-corrected model (QCM). In the near-field SERS response, the optimal gap size for maximum Raman enhancement at the excitation wavelength of 785 nm (633 nm) is about 1.35 nm (1.8 nm). Similarly, these near-field results do not tally with the CEM calculations but agree well with the QCM results where the molecular junction conductance in the nanogap is fully considered. Our study may improve understanding of charge-transport phenomena in ultrasmall plasmonic molecular nanogaps and promote the further development of molecular electronics-based plasmonic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongchen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
| | - Dang Yuan Lei
- Department of Applied Physics , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , 999077 , Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Shenzhen 518057 , China
| | - Jian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
- Shanghai Med-X Engineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200030 , China
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Khalid M, Sala FD, Ciracì C. Optical properties of plasmonic core-shell nanomatryoshkas: a quantum hydrodynamic analysis. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17322-17334. [PMID: 30119545 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic response of the metallic structure characterized by sub-nanometer dielectric gaps can be strongly affected by nonlocal or quantum effects. In this paper, we investigate these effects in spherical Na and Au nanomatryoshka structures with sub-nanometer core-shell separation. We use the state-of-the-art quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) to study both near-field and far-field optical properties of these systems: results are compared with the classical local response approximation (LRA), Thomas-Fermi hydrodynamic theory (TF-HT), and the reference time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). We find that the results obtained using the QHT method are in a very good agreement with TD-DFT calculations, whereas other LRA and TF-HT significantly overestimate the field-enhancements. Thus, the QHT approach efficiently and accurately describes microscopic details of multiscale plasmonic systems whose sizes are computationally out-of-reach for a TD-DFT approach; here, we report results for Na and Au nanomatryoshka with a diameter of 60 nm.
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Haran G, Chuntonov L. Artificial Plasmonic Molecules and Their Interaction with Real Molecules. Chem Rev 2018; 118:5539-5580. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Haran
- Chemical and Biological Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 760001, Israel
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200008, Israel
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Marinica DC, Zapata M, Nordlander P, Kazansky AK, M. Echenique P, Aizpurua J, Borisov AG. Active quantum plasmonics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2015; 1:e1501095. [PMID: 26824066 PMCID: PMC4730853 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ability of localized surface plasmons to squeeze light and engineer nanoscale electromagnetic fields through electron-photon coupling at dimensions below the wavelength has turned plasmonics into a driving tool in a variety of technological applications, targeting novel and more efficient optoelectronic processes. In this context, the development of active control of plasmon excitations is a major fundamental and practical challenge. We propose a mechanism for fast and active control of the optical response of metallic nanostructures based on exploiting quantum effects in subnanometric plasmonic gaps. By applying an external dc bias across a narrow gap, a substantial change in the tunneling conductance across the junction can be induced at optical frequencies, which modifies the plasmonic resonances of the system in a reversible manner. We demonstrate the feasibility of the concept using time-dependent density functional theory calculations. Thus, along with two-dimensional structures, metal nanoparticle plasmonics can benefit from the reversibility, fast response time, and versatility of an active control strategy based on applied bias. The proposed electrical manipulation of light using quantum plasmonics establishes a new platform for many practical applications in optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Codruta Marinica
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 351, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Mario Zapata
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 351, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Materials Physics Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Peter Nordlander
- MS61, Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Andrey K. Kazansky
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Echenique
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas–Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia–San Sebastián, Spain
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (J.A.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Andrei G. Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bâtiment 351, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (J.A.); (A.G.B.)
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Lin L, Zapata M, Xiong M, Liu Z, Wang S, Xu H, Borisov AG, Gu H, Nordlander P, Aizpurua J, Ye J. Nanooptics of Plasmonic Nanomatryoshkas: Shrinking the Size of a Core-Shell Junction to Subnanometer. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:6419-28. [PMID: 26375710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Quantum effects in plasmonic systems play an important role in defining the optical response of structures with subnanometer gaps. Electron tunneling across the gaps can occur, altering both the far-field optical response and the near-field confinement and enhancement. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigate plasmon coupling in gold "nanomatryoshka" (NM) nanoparticles with different core-shell separations. Plasmon coupling effects between the core and the shell become significant when their separation decreases to 15 nm. When their separation decreases to below 1 nm, the near- and far-field properties can no longer be described by classical approaches but require the inclusion of quantum mechanical effects such as electron transport through the self-assembled monolayer of molecular junction. In addition, surface-enhanced Raman scattering measurements indicate strong electron-transport induced charge transfer across the molecular junction. Our quantum modeling provides an estimate for the AC conductances of molecules in the junction. The insights acquired from this work pave the way for the development of novel quantum plasmonic devices and substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mario Zapata
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Min Xiong
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Andrei G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, , UMR 8214 CNRS-Université Paris-Sud , Bâtiment 351, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Hongchen Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Peter Nordlander
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS 61, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Material Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
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