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Kozlov VO, Kuznetsov NS, Smirnov DS, Ryzhov II, Kozlov GG, Zapasskii VS. Spin Noise in Birefringent Media. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:077401. [PMID: 36018709 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is known that linear birefringence of the medium essentially hinders measuring the Faraday effect. For this reason, optically anisotropic materials have never been considered as objects of the Faraday-rotation-based spin noise spectroscopy. We show, both theoretically and experimentally, that strong optical anisotropy that may badly suppress the regular Faraday rotation of the medium, practically does not affect the measurement of the spatially uncorrelated spin fluctuations. We also show that the birefringent media provide additional opportunity to measure spatial spin correlations. Results of the experimental measurements of the spin-noise spectra performed on Nd^{3+} ions in the uniaxial crystal matrices well agree with the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- V O Kozlov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Photonics Department, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N S Kuznetsov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Photonics Department, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D S Smirnov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I I Ryzhov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Photonics Department, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G G Kozlov
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Solid State Physics Department, St. Petersburg State University, Peterhof, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V S Zapasskii
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Kozlov GG, Fomin AA, Petrov MY, Ryzhov II, Zapasskii VS. Raman scattering model of the spin noise. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4770-4782. [PMID: 33726026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of formation of the polarimetric signal observed in the spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) is analyzed from the viewpoint of the light scattering theory. A rigorous calculation of the polarimetric signal (Faraday rotation or ellipticity) recorded in the SNS is presented in the approximation of single scattering. We show that it is most correctly to consider this noise as a result of scattering of the probe light beam by fluctuating susceptibility of the medium. Fluctuations of the gyrotropic (antisymmetric) part of the susceptibility tensor lead to appearance of the typical for the SNS Faraday rotation noise at the Larmor frequency. At the same time, fluctuations of linear anisotropy of the medium (symmetric part of the susceptibility tensor) give rise to the ellipticity noise of the probe beam spectrally localized at the double Larmor frequency. The results of the theoretical analysis well agree with the experimental data on the ellipticity noise in cesium vapor.
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Cronenberger S, Abbas C, Scalbert D, Boukari H. Spatiotemporal Spin Noise Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:017401. [PMID: 31386421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the potential of a new spin noise spectroscopy approach by demonstrating all-optical probing of spatiotemporal spin fluctuations. This is achieved by homodyne mixing of a spatially phase-modulated local oscillator with spin-flip scattered light, from which the frequency and wave vector dependence of the spin noise power is unveiled. As a first application of the method we measure the spatiotemporal spin noise in weakly n-doped CdTe layers, from which the electron spin diffusion constant and spin relaxation rates are determined. The absence of spatial spin correlations is also shown for this particular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cronenberger
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier FR-34095, France
| | - C Abbas
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier FR-34095, France
| | - D Scalbert
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier FR-34095, France
| | - H Boukari
- Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France and CNRS, Institut NEEL, Grenoble F-38000, France
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Sinitsyn NA, Pershin YV. The theory of spin noise spectroscopy: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:106501. [PMID: 27615689 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/10/106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Direct measurements of spin fluctuations are becoming the mainstream approach for studies of complex condensed matter, molecular, nuclear, and atomic systems. This review covers recent progress in the field of optical spin noise spectroscopy (SNS) with an additional goal to establish an introduction into its theoretical foundations. Various theoretical techniques that have been recently used to interpret results of SNS measurements are explained alongside examples of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Sinitsyn
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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Cronenberger S, Scalbert D. Quantum limited heterodyne detection of spin noise. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:093111. [PMID: 27782593 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Spin noise spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying spin relaxation in semiconductors. In this article, we propose an extension of this technique based on optical heterodyne detection of spin noise, which provides several key advantages compared to conventional spin noise spectroscopy: detection of high frequency spin noise not limited by detector bandwidth or sampling rates of digitizers, quantum limited sensitivity even in case of very weak probe power, and possible amplification of the spin noise signal. Heterodyne detection of spin noise is demonstrated on insulating n-doped GaAs. From measurements of spin noise spectra up to 0.4 Tesla, we determined the distribution of g-factors, Δg/g = 0.49%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cronenberger
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier FR-34095, France
| | - D Scalbert
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier FR-34095, France
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Ryzhov II, Kozlov GG, Smirnov DS, Glazov MM, Efimov YP, Eliseev SA, Lovtcius VA, Petrov VV, Kavokin KV, Kavokin AV, Zapasskii VS. Spin noise explores local magnetic fields in a semiconductor. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21062. [PMID: 26882994 PMCID: PMC4756372 DOI: 10.1038/srep21062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid development of spin noise spectroscopy of the last decade has led to a number of remarkable achievements in the fields of both magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy. In this report, we demonstrate a new - magnetometric - potential of the spin noise spectroscopy and use it to study magnetic fields acting upon electron spin-system of an n-GaAs layer in a high-Q microcavity probed by elliptically polarized light. Along with the external magnetic field, applied to the sample, the spin noise spectrum revealed the Overhauser field created by optically oriented nuclei and an additional, previously unobserved, field arising in the presence of circularly polarized light. This "optical field" is directed along the light propagation axis, with its sign determined by sign of the light helicity. We show that this field results from the optical Stark effect in the field of the elliptically polarized light. This conclusion is supported by theoretical estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Ryzhov
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Gleb G. Kozlov
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute of the RAS, Sector of quantum coherent phenomena, St.-Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Glazov
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Ioffe Institute of the RAS, Sector of quantum coherent phenomena, St.-Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Yurii P. Efimov
- St.-Petersburg State University, Resource Center “Nanophotonics”, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Eliseev
- St.-Petersburg State University, Resource Center “Nanophotonics”, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Viacheslav A. Lovtcius
- St.-Petersburg State University, Resource Center “Nanophotonics”, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Vladimir V. Petrov
- St.-Petersburg State University, Resource Center “Nanophotonics”, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Kirill V. Kavokin
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
- Ioffe Institute of the RAS, Laboratory of Semiconductor Optics, St.-Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kavokin
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
- University of Southampton, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Valerii S. Zapasskii
- St.-Petersburg State University, Spin Optics Laboratory, Peterhof, St.-Petersburg 198504, Russia
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