Multifrequency swept common-path en-face OCT for wide-field measurement of interior surface vibrations in thick biological tissues

Common-path interferometer for digital holographic Doppler spectroscopy of living biological tissues

SIGNIFICANCE

Common-path interferometers have the advantage of producing ultrastable interferometric fringes compared with conventional interferometers, such as Michelson or Mach-Zehnder that are sensitive to environmental instabilities. Isolating interferometric measurements from mechanical disturbances is important in biodynamic imaging because Doppler spectroscopy of intracellular dynamics requires extreme stability for phase-sensitive interferometric detection to capture fluctuation frequencies down to 10 mHz.

AIM

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Doppler spectra produced from a common-path interferometer using a grating and a spatial filter (SF) are comparable to, and more stable than, spectra from conventional biodynamic imaging.

APPROACH

A common-path interferometer using a holographic diffraction grating and an SF was employed with a low-coherence source. Simulations evaluated the spatial resolution. DLD-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma) spheroids were used as living target tissue samples. Power spectra under external vibrations and drug-response spectrograms were compared between common-path and Fourier-domain holographic systems.

RESULTS

The common-path holography configuration shows enhanced interferometric stability against mechanical vibrations through common-mode rejection while maintaining sensitivity to Doppler frequency fluctuations caused by intracellular motions.

CONCLUSIONS

A common-path interferometer using a grating and an SF can provide enhanced interferometric stability in tissue-dynamics spectroscopy for drug screening assays.

In vivo tomographic visualization of intracochlear vibration using a supercontinuum multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscope

This study combined a previously developed optical system with two additional key elements: a supercontinuum light source characterized by high output power and an analytical technique that effectively extracts interference signals required for improving the detection limit of vibration amplitude. Our system visualized 3D tomographic images and nanometer scale vibrations in the cochlear sensory epithelium of a live guinea pig. The transverse- and axial-depth resolution was 3.6 and 2.7 µm, respectively. After exposure to acoustic stimuli of 21-25 kHz at a sound pressure level of 70-85 dB, spatial amplitude and phase distributions were quantified on a targeted surface, whose area was 522 × 522 μm².

Digital holographic high-speed 3D imaging for the vibrometry of fast-occurring phenomena

Digital holography allows production of high-speed three-dimensional images at rates over 100,000 frames per second; however, simultaneously obtaining suitable performance and levels of accuracy using digital holography is difficult. This problem prevents high-speed three-dimensional imaging from being used for vibrometry. In this paper, we propose and test a digital holography method that can produce vibration measurements. The method is based on single-shot phase-shifting interferometry. Herein, we imaged the surface of a loudspeaker diaphragm and measured its displacement due to the vibrations produced by a frequency sweep signal. We then analyzed the frequency of the experimental data and confirmed that the frequency spectra inferred from the reconstructed images agreed well with the spectra produced by the sound recorded by a microphone. This method can be used for measuring vibrations with three-dimensional imaging for loudspeakers, microelectromechanical systems, surface acoustic wave filters, and biological tissues and organs.

Multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy for highspeed full-field tomographic vibrometry in biological tissues

Because conventional laser Doppler vibrometry or Doppler optical coherence tomography require mechanical scanning probes that cannot simultaneously measure the wide-range dynamics of bio-tissues, a multifrequency-swept optical coherence microscopy with wide-field heterodyne detection technique was developed. A 1024 × 1024 × 2000 voxel volume was acquired with an axial resolution of ~1.8 μm and an acquisition speed of 2 s. Vibration measurements at 10 kHz were performed over a wide field of view. Wide-field tomographic vibration measurements of a mouse tympanic membrane are demonstrated to illustrate the applicability of this method to live animals.