1
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Kenkel S, Bhargava R. Modeling the Thermoelastic Sample Response for Subdiffraction Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:413-421. [PMID: 38939874 PMCID: PMC11200252 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
There is significant and increasing interest in using the photothermal effect to record infrared (IR) absorption spectra localized to volumes that are considerably smaller than the wavelength of excitation, i.e., subdiffraction imaging. As opposed to conventional IR microscopy, in which absorption and scattering of the illuminating light is measured, subdiffraction imaging can be achieved through detection of the sample's thermal response to IR absorption-induced heating. While this relationship has been examined by a variety of coarse-grained models, a generalized analysis of the dependence of temperature and surface deformation arising from an absorber below the surface has not been reported. Here, we present an analytical model to understand a sample's thermoelastic response in photothermal measurements. The model shows important dependence of the ability to record subdiffraction data on modulation frequency of exciting light, limitations imposed by optical sensing, and the potential to discern location of objects ultimately limited by noise and sharpness of the detecting mechanism. This foundational analysis should allow for better modeling, understanding, and harnessing of the relationship between absorption and sample response that underlies IR photothermal measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth Kenkel
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Departments
of Bioengineering, Mechanical Science and Engineering, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and
Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, University of Illinois
Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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2
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De Santis E, Faruqui N, Russell CT, Noble JE, Kepiro IE, Hammond K, Tsalenchuk M, Ryadnov EM, Wolna M, Frogley MD, Price CJ, Barbaric I, Cinque G, Ryadnov MG. Hyperspectral Mapping of Human Primary and Stem Cells at Cell-Matrix Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2154-2165. [PMID: 38181419 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices interface with cells to promote cell growth and tissue development. Given this critical role, matrix mimetics are introduced to enable biomedical materials ranging from tissue engineering scaffolds and tumor models to organoids for drug screening and implant surface coatings. Traditional microscopy methods are used to evaluate such materials in their ability to support exploitable cell responses, which are expressed in changes in cell proliferation rates and morphology. However, the physical imaging methods do not capture the chemistry of cells at cell-matrix interfaces. Herein, we report hyperspectral imaging to map the chemistry of human primary and embryonic stem cells grown on matrix materials, both native and artificial. We provide the statistical analysis of changes in lipid and protein content of the cells obtained from infrared spectral maps to conclude matrix morphologies as a major determinant of biochemical cell responses. The study demonstrates an effective methodology for evaluating bespoke matrix materials directly at cell-matrix interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nilofar Faruqui
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Craig T Russell
- EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SD, U.K
| | - James E Noble
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Ibolya E Kepiro
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Katharine Hammond
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
| | - Maria Tsalenchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Eugeni M Ryadnov
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Magda Wolna
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Chilton-Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Mark D Frogley
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Chilton-Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | | | - Ivana Barbaric
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Chilton-Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Maxim G Ryadnov
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, U.K
- Department of Physics, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, U.K
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3
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Donaldson PM, Greetham GM, Middleton CT, Luther BM, Zanni MT, Hamm P, Krummel AT. Breaking Barriers in Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Imaging Using 100 kHz Amplified Yb-Laser Systems. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:2062-2071. [PMID: 37429010 PMCID: PMC10809409 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusUltrafast spectroscopy and imaging have become tools utilized by a broad range of scientists involved in materials, energy, biological, and chemical sciences. Commercialization of ultrafast spectrometers including transient absorption spectrometers, vibrational sum frequency generation spectrometers, and even multidimensional spectrometers have put these advanced spectroscopy measurements into the hands of practitioners originally outside the field of ultrafast spectroscopy. There is now a technology shift occurring in ultrafast spectroscopy, made possible by new Yb-based lasers, that is opening exciting new experiments in the chemical and physical sciences. Amplified Yb-based lasers are not only more compact and efficient than their predecessors but also, most importantly, operate at many times the repetition rate with improved noise characteristics in comparison to the previous generation of Ti:sapphire amplifier technologies. Taken together, these attributes are enabling new experiments, generating improvements to long-standing techniques, and affording the transformation of spectroscopies to microscopies. This Account aims to show that the shift to 100 kHz lasers is a transformative step in nonlinear spectroscopy and imaging, much like the dramatic expansion that occurred with the commercialization of Ti:sapphire laser systems in the 1990s. The impact of this technology will be felt across a great swath of scientific communities. We first describe the technology landscape of amplified Yb-based laser systems used in conjunction with 100 kHz spectrometers operating with shot-to-shot pulse shaping and detection. We also identify the range of different parametric conversion and supercontinuum techniques which now provide a path to making pulses of light optimal for ultrafast spectroscopy. Second, we describe specific instances from our laboratories of how the amplified Yb-based light sources and spectrometers are transformative. For multiple probe time-resolved infrared and transient 2D IR spectroscopy, the gain in temporal span and signal-to-noise enables dynamical spectroscopy measurements from femtoseconds to seconds. These gains widen the applicability of time-resolved infrared techniques across a range of topics in photochemistry, photocatalysis, and photobiology as well as lower the technical barriers to implementation in a laboratory. For 2D visible spectroscopy and microscopy with white light, as well as 2D IR imaging, the high repetition rates of these new Yb-based light sources allow one to spatially map 2D spectra while maintaining high signal-to-noise in the data. To illustrate the gains, we provide examples of imaging applications in the study of photovoltaic materials and spectroelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M. Donaldson
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Greg M. Greetham
- Central
Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Chris T. Middleton
- PhaseTech
Spectroscopy, Inc., 4916
East Broadway, Suite 125, Madison, Wisconsin 53716, United States
| | - Bradley M. Luther
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- University
of Wisconsin, Department of Chemistry, Room 8361, 1101 University Ave., Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Peter Hamm
- University
of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Amber T. Krummel
- Colorado
State University, Department of Chemistry, 200 W. Lake Street, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Nam K, Kim H, Park W, Ahn JS, Choi S. Probing the optical near-field of plasmonic nano structure using scanning thermal microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:105202. [PMID: 36562519 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aca90f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) enables to obtain thermal characteristic information such as temperature and thermal conductivity from the signals obtained by scanning a thermometer probe over a sample surface. Particularly, the precise control of the thermometer probe makes it possible to study near-field radiative heat transfer by measuring the near-field thermal energy, which implies that when light is used as a local heat source, photothermal energy can be detected from the optical near-field by approaching the probe in the near-field region. In this study, SThM is applied to generate sub-wavelength near-field optical image in the plasmonic grating coupler. Herein, by controlling the surface plasmon polariton generation, we show that the dominant component of SThM signal is from the optical response rather than the thermal response. The obtained near-field optical images have a spatial resolution of 40 nm and signal to noise ratio of up to 19.8. In addition, field propagation images in theZ-direction can be visualised with the precise control of the distance between the thermometer probe and the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiin Nam
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Kim
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongkyu Park
- Medical & Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ahn
- Medical & Bio Photonics Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobong Choi
- Department of Physics, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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5
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Schwartz JJ, Pavlidis G, Centrone A. Understanding Cantilever Transduction Efficiency and Spatial Resolution in Nanoscale Infrared Microscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:13126-13135. [PMID: 36099442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR), also known as AFM-IR, enables nanoscale infrared (IR) imaging and spectroscopy by using the tip of an atomic force microscope to transduce the local photothermal expansion and contraction of a sample. The signal transduction efficiency and spatial resolution of PTIR depend on a multitude of sample, cantilever, and illumination source parameters in ways that are not yet well understood. Here, we elucidate and separate the effects of laser pulse length, pulse shape, sample thermalization time (τ), interfacial thermal conductance, and cantilever detection frequency by devising analytical and numerical models that link a sample's photothermal excitations to the cantilever dynamics over a broad bandwidth (10 MHz). The models indicate that shorter laser pulses excite probe oscillations over broader bandwidths and should be preferred for measuring samples with shorter thermalization times. Furthermore, we show that the spatial resolution critically depends on the interfacial thermal conductance between dissimilar materials and improves monotonically, but not linearly, with increasing cantilever detection frequencies. The resolution can be enhanced for samples that do not fully thermalize between pulses (i.e., laser repetition rates ≳ 1/3τ) as the probed depth becomes smaller than the film thickness. We believe that the insights presented here will accelerate the adoption and impact of PTIR analyses across a wide range of applications by informing experimental designs and measurement strategies as well as by guiding future technical advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Schwartz
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States.,Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Georges Pavlidis
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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6
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Lekkas I, Frogley MD, Achtnich T, Cinque G. Rapidly frequency-tuneable, in-vacuum, and magnetic levitation chopper for fast modulation of infrared light. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:085105. [PMID: 36050048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0097279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-vacuum mechanical chopper running at high speed and integrated into a magnetic levitating motor for modulating optical beams up to 200 kHz. The compact chopper rotor allows fast acceleration (10 kHz s-1 as standard) for rapid tuning of the modulation frequency, while 1 mm diameter slots provide high optical throughput for larger infrared beams. The modulation performances are assessed using a reference visible laser and the high brightness, broadband, infrared (IR) beam of synchrotron radiation at the MIRIAM beamline B22 at Diamond Light Source, UK. For our application of IR nanospectroscopy, minimizing the temporal jitter on the modulated beam due to chopper manufacturing and control tolerances is essential to limit the noise level in measurements via lock-in detection, while high modulation frequencies are needed to achieve high spatial resolution in photothermal nanospectroscopy. When reaching the maximum chopping frequency of 200 kHz, the jitter was found to be 0.9% peak-to-peak. The described chopper now replaces the standard ball-bearing chopper in our synchrotron-based FTIR photothermal nanospectroscopy system, and we demonstrate improved spectroscopy results on a 200 nm thickness polymer film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Lekkas
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0DE Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Frogley
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0DE Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Timon Achtnich
- Celeroton AG, Industriestrasse 22, 8604 Volketswil, Switzerland
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxon OX11 0DE Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom
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7
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Chan KLA, Lekkas I, Frogley MD, Cinque G, Altharawi A, Bello G, Dailey LA. Synchrotron Photothermal Infrared Nanospectroscopy of Drug-Induced Phospholipidosis in Macrophages. Anal Chem 2020; 92:8097-8107. [PMID: 32396367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron resonance-enhanced infrared atomic force microscopy (RE-AFM-IR) is a near-field photothermal vibrational nanoprobe developed at Diamond Light Source (DLS), capable of measuring mid-infrared absorption spectra with spatial resolution around 100 nm. The present study reports a first application of synchrotron RE-AFM-IR to interrogate biological soft matter at the subcellular level, in this case, on a cellular model of drug-induced phospholipidosis (DIPL). J774A-1 macrophages were exposed to amiodarone (10 μM) or medium for 24 h and chemically fixed. AFM topography maps revealed amiodarone-treated cells with enlarged cytoplasm and very thin regions corresponding to collapsed vesicles. IR maps of the whole cell were analyzed by exploiting the RE-AFM-IR overall signal, i.e., the integrated RE-AFM-IR signal amplitude versus AFM-derived cell thickness, also on lateral resolution around 100 nm. Results show that vibrational band assignment was possible, and all characteristic peaks for lipids, proteins, and DNA/RNA were identified. Both peak ratio and unsupervised chemometric analysis of RE-AFM-IR nanospectra generated from the nuclear and perinuclear regions of untreated and amiodarone-treated cells showed that the perinuclear region (i.e., cytoplasm) of amiodarone-treated cells had significantly elevated band intensities in the regions corresponding to phosphate and carbonyl groups, indicating detection of phospholipid-rich inclusion bodies typical for cells with DIPL. The results of this study are of importance to demonstrate not only the applicability of Synchrotron RE-AFM-IR to soft biological matters with subcellular spatial resolution but also that the spectral information gathered from an individual submicron sample volume enables chemometric identification of treatment and biochemical differences between mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lung Andrew Chan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Ioannis Lekkas
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Mark D Frogley
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
| | - Ali Altharawi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Gianluca Bello
- Institute of Synthetic Bioarchitectures, Department of Nanobiotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 11, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Quaroni L. Understanding and Controlling Spatial Resolution, Sensitivity, and Surface Selectivity in Resonant-Mode Photothermal-Induced Resonance Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3544-3554. [PMID: 32023046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR) is increasingly used in the measurement of infrared absorption spectra of submicrometer objects. The technique measures IR absorption spectra by relying on the photothermal effect induced by a rapid pulse of light and the excitation of the resonance spectrum of an AFM cantilever in contact with the sample. In this work, we assess the spatial resolution and depth response of PTIR in resonant mode while systematically varying the pulsing parameters of the excitation laser. We show that resolution is always much better than predicted by existing theoretical models. Higher frequency, longer pulse length, and shorter interval between pulses improve resolution, eventually providing values that are comparable to or even better than tip size. Pulsing parameters also affect the intensity of the signal and the surface selectivity in PTIR images, with higher frequencies providing increased surface selectivity. The observations confirm a difference in signal generation between resonant PTIR and other photothermal techniques that we ascribe to nonlinearity in the PTIR signal. In analogy with optical imaging, we show that PTIR takes advantage of such nonlinearity to perform photothermal measurements that are super-resolved when compared to the resolution allowed by the thermal wavelength. Finally, we show that by controlling the pulsing parameters of the laser we can devise high resolution surface sensitive measurements that do not rely on the use of optical enhancement effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quaroni
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Watts KE, Blackburn TJ, Pemberton JE. Optical Spectroscopy of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Thin Films: A Status Report. Anal Chem 2019; 91:4235-4265. [PMID: 30790520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Watts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Thomas J Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arizona 1306 East University Boulevard , Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
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10
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Smith CI, Siggel-King MRF, Ingham J, Harrison P, Martin DS, Varro A, Pritchard DM, Surman M, Barrett S, Weightman P. Application of a quantum cascade laser aperture scanning near-field optical microscope to the study of a cancer cell. Analyst 2019; 143:5912-5917. [PMID: 30191233 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01183d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This work reports the first images obtained by combining an infrared aperture scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) with a quantum cascade laser (QCL). The future potential of this set-up is demonstrated by a preliminary study on an OE33 human oesophageal adenocarcinoma cell in which the cell is imaged at 1751 cm-1, 1651 cm-1, 1539 cm-1 and 1242 cm-1. In addition to the 1651 cm-1 image, three other images were acquired within the Amide I band (1689 cm-1, 1675 cm-1 and 1626 cm-1) chosen to correspond to secondary structures of proteins. The four images obtained within the Amide I band show distinct differences demonstrating the potential of this approach to reveal subtle changes in the chemical composition of a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Smith
- Department of Physics, Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, UK.
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11
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Ingham J, Craig T, Smith CI, Varro A, Pritchard DM, Barrett SD, Martin DS, Harrison P, Unsworth P, Kumar JD, Wolski A, Cricenti A, Luce M, Surman M, Saveliev YM, Weightman P, Siggel-King MRF. Submicron infrared imaging of an oesophageal cancer cell with chemical specificity using an IR-FEL. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaea53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Neumann EK, Comi TJ, Spegazzini N, Mitchell JW, Rubakhin SS, Gillette MU, Bhargava R, Sweedler JV. Multimodal Chemical Analysis of the Brain by High Mass Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11572-11580. [PMID: 30188687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The brain functions through chemical interactions between many different cell types, including neurons and glia. Acquiring comprehensive information on complex, heterogeneous systems requires multiple analytical tools, each of which have unique chemical specificity and spatial resolution. Multimodal imaging generates complementary chemical information via spatially localized molecular maps, ideally from the same sample, but requires method enhancements that span from data acquisition to interpretation. We devised a protocol for performing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), followed by infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging on the same specimen. Multimodal measurements from the same tissue provide precise spatial alignment between modalities, enabling more advanced image processing such as image fusion and sharpening. Performing MSI first produces higher quality data from each technique compared to performing IR imaging before MSI. The difference is likely due to fixing the tissue section during MALDI matrix removal, thereby preventing analyte degradation occurring during IR imaging from an unfixed specimen. Leveraging the unique capabilities of each modality, we utilized pan sharpening of MS (mass spectrometry) ion images with selected bands from IR spectroscopy and midlevel data fusion. In comparison to sharpening with histological images, pan sharpening can employ a plethora of IR bands, producing sharpened MS images while retaining the fidelity of the initial ion images. Using Laplacian pyramid sharpening, we determine the localization of several lipids present within the hippocampus with high mass accuracy at 5 μm pixel widths. Further, through midlevel data fusion of the imaging data sets combined with k-means clustering, the combined data set discriminates between additional anatomical structures unrecognized by the individual imaging approaches. Significant differences between molecular ion abundances are detected between relevant structures within the hippocampus, such as the CA1 and CA3 regions. Our methodology provides high quality multiplex and multimodal chemical imaging of the same tissue sample, enabling more advanced data processing and analysis routines.
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13
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Stanic V, Maia FCB, Freitas RDO, Montoro FE, Evans-Lutterodt K. The chemical fingerprint of hair melanosomes by infrared nano-spectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14245-14253. [PMID: 30010172 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03146k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In situ characterization of the chemical and structural properties of black and white sheep hair was performed with a spatial resolution of 25 nm using infrared nano-spectroscopy. Comparing data sets from two types of hair allowed us to isolate the keratin FTIR fingerprint and so mark off chemical properties of the hair's melanosomes. From a polarization sensitive analysis of the nano-FTIR spectra, we showed that keratin intermediate filaments (IFs) present anisotropic molecular ordering. In stark contrast with white hair which does not contain melanosomes, in black hair, we spatially resolved single melanosomes and achieved unprecedented assignment of the vibrational modes of pheomelanin and eumelanin. The in situ experiment presented here avoids harsh chemical extractive methods used in previous studies. Our findings offer a basis for a better understanding of the keratin chemical and structural packing in different hair phenotypes as well as the involvement of melanosomes in hair color and biological functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Stanic
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Kenneth Evans-Lutterodt
- National Synchrotron Light Source - II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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14
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Cernescu A, Szuwarzyński M, Kwolek U, Wydro P, Kepczynski M, Zapotoczny S, Nowakowska M, Quaroni L. Label-Free Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging of Single Phospholipid Bilayers with Nanoscale Resolution. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10179-10186. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michał Szuwarzyński
- Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Kwolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Wydro
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kepczynski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Luca Quaroni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Hinrichs K, Shaykhutdinov T. Polarization-Dependent Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR): Infrared Nanopolarimetric Analysis of Structure and Anisotropy of Thin Films and Surfaces. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:817-832. [PMID: 29652171 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818763604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infrared techniques enable nondestructive and label-free studies of thin films with high chemical and structural contrast. In this work, we review recent progress and perspectives in the nanoscale analysis of anisotropic materials using an extended version of the atomic force microscopy-infrared (AFM-IR) technique. This advanced photothermal technique, includes polarization control of the incoming light and bridges the gap in IR spectroscopic analysis of local anisotropic material properties. Such local anisotropy occurs in a wide range of materials during molecular nucleation, aggregation, and crystallization processes. However, analysis of the anisotropy in morphology and structure can be experimentally and theoretically demanding as it is related to order and disorder processes in ranges from nanoscopic to macroscopic length scales, depending on preparation and environmental conditions. In this context IR techniques can significantly assist as IR spectra can be interpreted in the framework of optical models and numerical calculations with respect to both, the present chemical conditions as well as the micro- and nanostructure. With these extraordinary analytic possibilities, the advanced AFM-IR approach is an essential puzzle piece in direction to connect nanoscale and macroscale anisotropic thin film properties experimentally. In this review, we highlight the analytic possibilities of AFM-IR for studies on nanoscale anisotropy with a set of examples for polymer, plasmonic, and polaritonic films, as well as aggregates of large molecules and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS e.V., Berlin, Germany
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Ingham J, Pilling MJ, Craig T, Siggel-King MRF, Smith CI, Gardner P, Varro A, Pritchard DM, Barrett SD, Martin DS, Harrison P, Unsworth P, Kumar JD, Wolski A, Cricenti A, Luce M, Surman M, Saveliev YM, Weightman P. An evaluation of the application of the aperture infrared SNOM technique to biomedical imaging. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aaa0de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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Quaroni L, Pogoda K, Wiltowska-Zuber J, Kwiatek WM. Mid-infrared spectroscopy and microscopy of subcellular structures in eukaryotic cells with atomic force microscopy – infrared spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2786-2794. [PMID: 35541450 PMCID: PMC9077331 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy – infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy allows spectroscopic studies in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region with a spatial resolution better than is allowed by the diffraction limit. We show that the high spatial resolution can be used to perform spectroscopic and imaging studies at the subcellular level in fixed eukaryotic cells. We collect AFM-IR images of subcellular structures that include lipid droplets, vesicles and cytoskeletal filaments, by relying on the intrinsic contrast from IR light absorption. We also obtain AFM-IR absorption spectra of individual subcellular structures. Most spectra show features that are recognizable in the IR absorption spectra of cells and tissue obtained with FTIR technology, including absorption bands characteristic of phospholipids and polypeptides. The quality of the spectra and of the images opens the way to structure and composition studies at the subcellular level using mid-IR absorption spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy – infrared (AFM-IR) spectroscopy allows spectroscopic studies in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region with a spatial resolution better than is allowed by the diffraction limit.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Quaroni
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems
- Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków
- Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pogoda
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems
- Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków
- Poland
| | - Joanna Wiltowska-Zuber
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems
- Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków
- Poland
| | - Wojciech M. Kwiatek
- Department of Experimental Physics of Complex Systems
- Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Kraków
- Poland
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Cinque G, Frogley MD, Wehbe K, Nguyen TNQ, Fitzpatrick A, Kelley CS. Synchrotron-Based Infrared Spectral Imaging at the MIRIAM Beamline of Diamond Light Source. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08940886.2017.1338416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Wehbe
- MIRIAM Beamline B22, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, UK
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Hermann P, Kästner B, Hoehl A, Kashcheyevs V, Patoka P, Ulrich G, Feikes J, Ries M, Tydecks T, Beckhoff B, Rühl E, Ulm G. Enhancing the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16574-16588. [PMID: 28789160 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation-based nano-FTIR spectroscopy utilizes the highly brilliant and ultra-broadband infrared (IR) radiation provided by electron storage rings for the infrared spectroscopic characterization of samples at the nanoscale. In order to exploit the full potential of this approach we investigated the influence of the properties of the radiation source, such as the electron bunch shape and spectral bandwidth of the emitted radiation, on near-field infrared spectra of silicon-carbide (SiC). The adapted configuration of the storage ring optics enables a modification of the transverse electron bunch profile allowing an increase of the measured near-field signal amplitude. Additionally, the decay of the signal amplitude due to the decreasing storage ring current is also eliminated. Further options for improving the sensitivity of nano-FTIR spectroscopy, which can also be applied to other broadband radiation sources, are the adaption of the spectral bandwidth to the wavelength range of interest or the use of polarization optics. The sensitivity enhancement emerging from these options is verified by comparing near-field spectra collected from crystalline SiC samples. The improvement in sensitivity by combining these approaches is demonstrated by acquiring nano-FTIR spectra from thin organic films, which show weak resonances in the IR-regime.
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Giliberti V, Baldassarre L, Rosa A, de Turris V, Ortolani M, Calvani P, Nucara A. Protein clustering in chemically stressed HeLa cells studied by infrared nanospectroscopy. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17560-17567. [PMID: 27714081 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05783g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-Thermal Induced Resonance (PTIR) nanospectroscopy, tuned towards amide-I absorption, was used to study the distribution of proteic material in 34 different HeLa cells, of which 18 were chemically stressed by oxidative stress with Na3AsO3. The cell nucleus was found to provide a weaker amide-I signal than the surrounding cytoplasm, while the strongest PTIR signal comes from the perinuclear region. AFM topography shows that the cells exposed to oxidative stress undergo a volume reduction with respect to the control cells, through an accumulation of the proteic material around and above the nucleus. This is confirmed by the PTIR maps of the cytoplasm, where the pixels providing a high amide-I signal were identified with a space resolution of ∼300 × 300 nm. By analyzing their distribution with two different statistical procedures we found that the probability to find protein clusters smaller than 0.6 μm in the cytoplasm of stressed HeLa cells is higher by 35% than in the control cells. These results indicate that it is possible to study proteic clustering within single cells by label-free optical nanospectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giliberti
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - L Baldassarre
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Rosa
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy and Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie Charles Darwin, Universita di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V de Turris
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, V.le Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - M Ortolani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - P Calvani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - A Nucara
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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Morhart TA, Quirk A, Lardner MJ, May TE, Rosendahl SM, Burgess IJ. Femtomole Infrared Spectroscopy at the Electrified Metal–Solution Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9351-9354. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Morhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Amanda Quirk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Michael J. Lardner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Tim E. May
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | | | - Ian J. Burgess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
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