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Fang D, Cui JM, Chen WB, Chen Y, Li RR, Zhang CH, Huang YF, Li CF, Guo GC. Arc discharge method to fabricate large concave structures for open-access fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:2906-2915. [PMID: 38297527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We present a novel micro-fabrication technique for creating concave surfaces on the endfacets of photonic crystal fibers. A fiber fusion splicer is used to generate arc discharges to melt and reshape the fiber endfacet. This technique can produce large spherical concave surfaces with roughness as low as 0.12 nm in various types of photonic crystal fibers. The deviation of fabricated surface and a spherical profile in the region of 70 µm in diameter is less than 50 nm. The center of the concave surface and the fiber mode field are highly coincident with a deviation less than 500 nm. Finesse measurements have shown that a Fabry-Pérot cavity composed of the fiber fabricated using this method and a plane mirror maintains finesse of 20000. This method is easy to replicate, making it a practical and efficient approach to fabricate concave surface on fibers for open-access fiber Fabry-Pérot cavities.
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2
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Lysne M, Schüler M, Werner P. Quantum Optics Measurement Scheme for Quantum Geometry and Topological Invariants. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:156901. [PMID: 37897742 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.156901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
We show how a quantum optical measurement scheme based on heterodyne detection can be used to explore geometrical and topological properties of condensed matter systems. Considering a 2D material placed in a cavity with a coupling to the environment, we compute correlation functions of the photons exiting the cavity and relate them to the hybrid light-matter state within the cavity. Different polarizations of the intracavity field give access to all components of the quantum geometric tensor on contours in the Brillouin zone defined by the transition energy. Combining recent results based on the metric-curvature correspondence with the measured quantum metric allows us to characterize the topological phase of the material. Moreover, in systems where S_{z} is a good quantum number, the procedure also allows us to extract the spin Chern number. As an interesting application, we consider a minimal model for twisted bilayer graphene at the magic angle, and discuss the feasibility of extracting the Euler number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lysne
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schüler
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Werner
- Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Hughes WJ, Doherty TH, Blackmore JA, Horak P, Goodwin JF. Mode mixing and losses in misaligned microcavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32619-32636. [PMID: 37859061 DOI: 10.1364/oe.496981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the optical losses of Fabry-Pérot cavities subject to realistic transverse mirror misalignment. We consider mirrors of the two most prevalent surface forms: idealised spherical depressions, and Gaussian profiles generated by laser ablation. We first describe the mode mixing phenomena seen in the spherical mirror case and compare to the frequently-used clipping model, observing close agreement in the predicted diffraction loss, but with the addition of protective mode mixing at transverse degeneracies. We then discuss the Gaussian mirror case, detailing how the varying surface curvature across the mirror leads to complex variations in round trip loss and mode profile. In light of the severe mode distortion and strongly elevated loss predicted for many cavity lengths and transverse alignments when using Gaussian mirrors, we suggest that the consequences of mirror surface profile are carefully considered when designing cavity experiments.
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Doherty TH, Kuhn A, Kassa E. Multi-resonant open-access microcavity arrays for light matter interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:6342-6355. [PMID: 36823893 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the realisation of a high-finesse open-access cavity array, tailored towards the creation of multiple coherent light-matter interfaces within a compact environment. We describe the key technical developments put in place to fabricate such a system, comprising the creation of tapered pyramidal substrates and an in-house laser machining setup. Cavities made from these mirrors are characterised, by laser spectroscopy, to possess similar optical properties to state-of-the-art fibre-tip cavities, but offer a compelling route towards improved performance, even when used to support only a single mode. The implementation of a 2×2 cavity array and the independent frequency tuning between three neighbouring sites are demonstrated.
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Pan Y, Li L, Zhou X, Huang D, Shen Z, Wang J, Li C, Guo G. Feedback and compensation scheme to suppress the thermal effects from a dipole trap beam for the optical fiber microcavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46280-46293. [PMID: 36558585 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED) with neutral atoms is a promising platform for quantum information processing and optical fiber Fabry-Pérot microcavity with small mode volume is an important integrant for the large light-matter coupling strength. To transport cold atoms to the microcavity, a high-power optical dipole trap (ODT) beam perpendicular to the cavity axis is commonly used. However, the overlap between the ODT beam and the cavity mirrors causes thermal effects inducing a large cavity shift at the locking wavelength and a differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength which disturbs the cavity resonance. Here, we develop a feedback and compensation scheme to maintain the optical fiber microcavity resonant with the lasers at the locking and probe wavelengths simultaneously. The large cavity shift of 210 times the cavity linewidth, which makes the conventional PID scheme ineffective can be suppressed actively by a PIID feedback scheme with an additional I parameter. Differential cavity shift at the probe wavelength can be understood from the photothermal refraction and thermal expansion effects on the mirror coatings and be passively compensated by changing the frequency of the locking laser. A further normal-mode splitting measurement demonstrates the strong coupling between 85Rb atoms and cavity mode after the thermal effects are suppressed, which also confirms successful delivery and trapping of atoms into the optical cavity. This scheme can solve the thermal effects of the high-power ODT beam and will be helpful to cavity QED experimental research.
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Schwab J, Weber K, Drozella J, Jimenez C, Herkommer A, Bremer L, Reitzenstein S, Giessen H. Coupling light emission of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers: mode matching, coupling efficiencies, and thermo-optical effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:32292-32305. [PMID: 36242294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.465101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the coupling efficiency of single-photon sources into single-mode fibers using 3D printed micro-optical lens designs. Using the wave propagation method, we optimize lens systems for two different quantum light sources and assess the results in terms of maximum coupling efficiencies, misalignment effects, and thermo-optical influences. Thereby, we compare singlet lens designs with one lens printed onto the fiber with doublet lens designs with an additional lens printed onto the semiconductor substrate. The single-photon sources are quantum dots based on microlenses and circular Bragg grating cavities at 930 nm and 1550 nm, respectively.
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7
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Teller M, Fioretto DA, Holz PC, Schindler P, Messerer V, Schüppert K, Zou Y, Blatt R, Chiaverini J, Sage J, Northup TE. Heating of a Trapped Ion Induced by Dielectric Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:230505. [PMID: 34170180 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.230505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electric-field noise due to surfaces disturbs the motion of nearby trapped ions, compromising the fidelity of gate operations that are the basis for quantum computing algorithms. We present a method that predicts the effect of dielectric materials on the ion's motion. Such dielectrics are integral components of ion traps. Quantitative agreement is found between a model with no free parameters and measurements of a trapped ion in proximity to dielectric mirrors. We expect that this approach can be used to optimize the design of ion-trap-based quantum computers and network nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Teller
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dario A Fioretto
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philip C Holz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Alpine Quantum Technologies GmbH, Technikerstrasse 17/1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Schindler
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Viktor Messerer
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klemens Schüppert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yueyang Zou
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Blatt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Technikerstrasse 21 A, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Chiaverini
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Sage
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tracy E Northup
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Saavedra C, Pandey D, Alt W, Pfeifer H, Meschede D. Tunable fiber Fabry-Perot cavities with high passive stability. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:974-982. [PMID: 33726322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present three high finesse tunable monolithic fiber Fabry-Perot cavities (FFPCs) with high passive mechanical stability. The fiber mirrors are fixed inside slotted glass ferrules, which guarantee an inherent alignment of the resonators. An attached piezoelectric element enables fast tuning of the FFPC resonance frequency over the entire free-spectral range for two of the designs. Stable locking of the cavity resonance is achieved for sub-Hertz feedback bandwidths, demonstrating the high passive stability. At the other limit, locking bandwidths up to tens of kilohertz, close to the first mechanical resonance, can be obtained. The root-mean-square frequency fluctuations are suppressed down to ∼2% of the cavity linewidth. Over a wide frequency range, the frequency noise is dominated by the thermal noise limit of the system's mechanical resonances. The demonstrated small footprint devices can be used advantageously in a broad range of applications like cavity-based sensing techniques, optical filters or quantum light-matter interfaces.
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Borne A, Northup TE, Blatt R, Dayan B. Efficient ion-photon qubit SWAP gate in realistic ion cavity-QED systems without strong coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11822-11839. [PMID: 32403685 DOI: 10.1364/oe.376914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a scheme for deterministic ion-photon qubit exchange, namely a SWAP gate, based on realistic cavity-QED systems with 171Yb+, 40Ca+ and 138Ba+ ions. The gate can also serve as a single-photon quantum memory, in which an outgoing photon heralds the successful arrival of the incoming photonic qubit. Although strong coupling, namely having the single-photon Rabi frequency be the fastest rate in the system, is often assumed essential, this gate (similarly to the Duan-Kimble C-phase gate) requires only Purcell enhancement, i.e. high single-atom cooperativity. Accordingly, it does not require small mode volume cavities, which are challenging to incorporate with ions due to the difficulty of trapping them close to dielectric surfaces. Instead, larger cavities, potentially more compatible with the trap apparatus, are sufficient, as long as their numerical aperture is high enough to maintain small mode area at the ion's position. We define the optimal parameters for the gate's operation and simulate the expected fidelities and efficiencies, demonstrating that efficient photon-ion qubit exchange, a valuable building block for scalable quantum computation, is practically attainable with current experimental capabilities.
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Takahashi H, Kassa E, Christoforou C, Keller M. Strong Coupling of a Single Ion to an Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:013602. [PMID: 31976684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between an atom and an electromagnetic resonator is an important condition in cavity quantum electrodynamics. While strong coupling in various physical systems has been achieved so far, it remained elusive for single atomic ions. Here, we achieve a coupling strength of 2π×(12.3±0.1) MHz between a single ^{40}Ca^{+} ion and an optical cavity, exceeding both atomic and cavity decay rates which are 2π×11.5 and 2π×(4.1±0.1) MHz, respectively. We use cavity assisted Raman spectroscopy to precisely characterize the ion-cavity coupling strength and observe a spectrum featuring the normal mode splitting in the cavity transmission due to the ion-cavity interaction. Our work paves the way towards new applications of cavity quantum electrodynamics utilizing single trapped ions in the strong coupling regime for quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Ezra Kassa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Costas Christoforou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Keller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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11
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Ruelle T, Poggio M, Braakman F. Optimized single-shot laser ablation of concave mirror templates on optical fibers. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3784-3789. [PMID: 31158191 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We realize mirror templates on the tips of optical fibers using a single-shot CO2 laser ablation procedure and perform a systematic study of the influence of the pulse power, pulse duration, and laser spot size on their geometry. This investigation provides new insights into CO2 laser ablation of optical fibers and should help improve current models. We notably find that the radius of curvature, depth, and diameter of the templates exhibit extrema as a function of the power and duration of the ablation pulse, and observe that compound convex-concave shapes can be obtained. We additionally identify regimes of ablation parameters that lead to mirror templates with favorable geometries for use in cavity quantum electrodynamics and optomechanics.
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12
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Garcia S, Ferri F, Ott K, Reichel J, Long R. Dual-wavelength fiber Fabry-Perot cavities with engineered birefringence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:22249-22263. [PMID: 30130920 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.022249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to engineer the frequency splitting of polarization eigenmodes in fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) cavities. Using specific patterns of multiple CO2 laser pulses, we machine paraboloidal micromirrors with controlled elliptical shape in a large range of radii of curvature. This method is versatile and can be used to produce cavities with maximized or near-zero polarization mode splitting. In addition, we realize dual-wavelength FFP cavities with finesse exceeding 40 000 at 780 nm and at 1559 nm in the telecom range. We provide direct evidence that the birefringent frequency splitting in FFP cavities is governed only by the geometrical shape of the mirrors, and that the astigmatism of the cavity modes needs to be taken into account for specific cavities.
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13
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Van Rynbach A, Schwartz G, Spivey RF, Joseph J, Vrijsen G, Kim J. Design and characterization of an integrated surface ion trap and micromirror optical cavity. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:6511-6519. [PMID: 29047941 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.006511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have fabricated and characterized laser-ablated micromirrors on fused silica substrates for constructing stable Fabry-Perot optical cavities. We highlight several design features which allow these cavities to have lengths in the 250-300 μm range and be integrated directly with surface ion traps. We present a method to calculate the optical mode shape and losses of these micromirror cavities as functions of cavity length and mirror shape, and confirm that our simulation model is in good agreement with experimental measurements of the intracavity optical mode at a test wavelength of 780 nm. We have designed and tested a mechanical setup for dampening vibrations and stabilizing the cavity length, and explore applications for these cavities as efficient single-photon sources when combined with trapped Yb171+ ions.
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Heylman KD, Knapper KA, Horak EH, Rea MT, Vanga SK, Goldsmith RH. Optical Microresonators for Sensing and Transduction: A Materials Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700037. [PMID: 28627118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical microresonators confine light to a particular microscale trajectory, are exquisitely sensitive to their microenvironment, and offer convenient readout of their optical properties. Taken together, this is an immensely attractive combination that makes optical microresonators highly effective as sensors and transducers. Meanwhile, advances in material science, fabrication techniques, and photonic sensing strategies endow optical microresonators with new functionalities, unique transduction mechanisms, and in some cases, unparalleled sensitivities. In this progress report, the operating principles of these sensors are reviewed, and different methods of signal transduction are evaluated. Examples are shown of how choice of materials must be suited to the analyte, and how innovations in fabrication and sensing are coupled together in a mutually reinforcing cycle. A tremendously broad range of capabilities of microresonator sensors is described, from electric and magnetic field sensing to mechanical sensing, from single-molecule detection to imaging and spectroscopy, from operation at high vacuum to in live cells. Emerging sensing capabilities are highlighted and put into context in the field. Future directions are imagined, where the diverse capabilities laid out are combined and advances in scalability and integration are implemented, leading to the creation of a sensor unparalleled in sensitivity and information content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Heylman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kassandra A Knapper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Erik H Horak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Morgan T Rea
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sudheer K Vanga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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Gulati GK, Takahashi H, Podoliak N, Horak P, Keller M. Fiber cavities with integrated mode matching optics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5556. [PMID: 28717132 PMCID: PMC5514179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05729-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In fiber based Fabry-Pérot Cavities (FFPCs), limited spatial mode matching between the cavity mode and input/output modes has been the main hindrance for many applications. We have demonstrated a versatile mode matching method for FFPCs. Our novel design employs an assembly of a graded-index and large core multimode fiber directly spliced to a single mode fiber. This all-fiber assembly transforms the propagating mode of the single mode fiber to match with the mode of a FFPC. As a result, we have measured a mode matching of 90% for a cavity length of ~400 μm. This is a significant improvement compared to conventional FFPCs coupled with just a single mode fiber, especially at long cavity lengths. Adjusting the parameters of the assembly, the fundamental cavity mode can be matched with the mode of almost any single mode fiber, making this approach highly versatile and integrable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH, UK
| | - Nina Podoliak
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Peter Horak
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Matthias Keller
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, BN1 9QH, UK
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Bao Y, Zhou F, LeBrun TW, Gorman JJ. Concave silicon micromirrors for stable hemispherical optical microcavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15493-15503. [PMID: 28788973 PMCID: PMC5749248 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A detailed study of the fabrication of silicon concave micromirrors for hemispherical microcavities is presented that includes fabrication yield, surface quality, surface roughness, cavity depth, radius of curvature, and the aspect ratio between the cavity depth and radius of curvature. Most importantly, it is shown that much larger cavity depths are possible than previously reported while achieving desirable aspect ratios and nanometer-level roughness. This should result in greater frequency stability and improved insensitivity to fabrication variations for the mode coupling optics. Spectral results for an assembled hemispherical microcavity are presented, demonstrating that high finesse and quality factor are achieved with these micromirrors, F = 1524 and Q = 3.78 x 105, respectively.
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Cossel KC, Waxman EM, Finneran IA, Blake GA, Ye J, Newbury NR. Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2017; 34:104-129. [PMID: 28630530 PMCID: PMC5473295 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broad-band spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly-used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broad-band spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Cossel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Waxman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ian A. Finneran
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Geoffrey A. Blake
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nathan R. Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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