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Buzzin A, Asquini R, Caputo D, de Cesare G. Sensitive and Compact Evanescent-Waveguide Optical Detector for Sugar Sensing in Commercial Beverages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8184. [PMID: 37837014 PMCID: PMC10574832 DOI: 10.3390/s23198184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a compact and sensitive refractive index sensor able to evaluate the concentration of an analyte in a sample. Its working principle leverages on the changes in the optical absorption features introduced by the sample itself on the evanescent waves of a light beam. The device's high compactness is achieved by embedding the sample-light interaction site and the detector in a 1 cm2 glass substrate, thanks to microelectronics technologies. High sensitivity is obtained by employing a low-noise p-i-n hydrogenated amorphous silicon junction, whose manufacture process requires only four UV lithographic steps on a glass substrate, thus ensuring low production costs. The system's capabilities are investigated by sensing the sugar content in three commercial beverages. Sensitivities of 32, 53 and 80 pA/% and limits of detection of 47, 29 and 18 ppm are achieved. The above performance is comparable with state-of-the-art results available in the literature, where more complex optical setups, expensive instrumentation and bulky devices are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Buzzin
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy; (R.A.); (D.C.); (G.d.C.)
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Teslenko AA, Bushunov AA, Isaenko LI, Shklyaev A, Goloshumova A, Lobanov SI, Lazarev VA, Tarabrin MK. Antireflection microstructures fabricated on the surface of a LiGaSe 2 nonlinear crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:1196-1199. [PMID: 36857247 DOI: 10.1364/ol.480758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
LiGaSe2 is a propitious material for nonlinear parametric conversion in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range. Its refractive index of n = 2.25 in the 2-12 µm wavelength range results in significant losses due to Fresnel reflection. However, the conventional method of increasing the transmittance with antireflection coatings (ARCs) significantly reduces the damage threshold of the material. Fabrication of the antireflection microstructures (ARMs) is an alternative approach for increasing the surface transmittance. In this work, ARMs were fabricated on the surface of a LiGaSe2 crystal using a single-pulse femtosecond laser ablation method. An average transmittance of 97.2% in the 2-8 µm spectral range and the maximum transmittance of 98.6% at 4.1 µm were achieved.
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Franko M, Goljat L, Liu M, Budasheva H, Žorž Furlan M, Korte D. Recent Progress and Applications of Thermal Lens Spectrometry and Photothermal Beam Deflection Techniques in Environmental Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:472. [PMID: 36617073 PMCID: PMC9824884 DOI: 10.3390/s23010472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents recent development and applications of thermal lens microscopy (TLM) and beam deflection spectrometry (BDS) for the analysis of water samples and sea ice. Coupling of TLM detection to a microfluidic system for flow injection analysis (μFIA) enables the detection of microcystin-LR in waters with a four samples/min throughput (in triplicate injections) and provides an LOD of 0.08 µg/L which is 12-times lower than the MCL for microcystin-LR in water. μFIA-TLM was also applied for the determination of total Fe and Fe(II) in 3 µL samples of synthetic cloudwater. The LODs were found to be 100 nM for Fe(II) and 70 nM for total Fe. The application of µFIA-TLM for the determination of ammonium in water resulted in an LOD of 2.3 µM for injection of a 5 µL sample and TLM detection in a 100 µm deep microfluidic channel. For the determination of iron species in sea ice, the BDS was coupled to a diffusive gradient in the thin film technique (DGT). The 2D distribution of Fe(II) and total Fe on DGT gels provided by the BDS (LOD of 50 nM) reflected the distribution of Fe species in sea ice put in contact with DGT gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mladen Franko
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.K.); Tel.: +386-5-331-53-29 (M.F.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dorota Korte
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (D.K.); Tel.: +386-5-331-53-29 (M.F.)
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Kaniyala Melanthota S, Kistenev YV, Borisova E, Ivanov D, Zakharova O, Boyko A, Vrazhnov D, Gopal D, Chakrabarti S, K SP, Mazumder N. Types of spectroscopy and microscopy techniques for cancer diagnosis: a review. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3067-3084. [PMID: 35834141 PMCID: PMC9525344 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease that has claimed the lives of many people worldwide. With the current diagnostic methods, it is hard to determine cancer at an early stage, due to its versatile nature and lack of genomic biomarkers. The rapid development of biophotonics has emerged as a potential tool in cancer detection and diagnosis. Using the fluorescence, scattering, and absorption characteristics of cells and tissues, it is possible to detect cancer at an early stage. The diagnostic techniques addressed in this review are highly sensitive to the chemical and morphological changes in the cell and tissue during disease progression. These changes alter the fluorescence signal of the cell/tissue and are detected using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques including confocal and two-photon fluorescence (TPF). Further, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy reveals the morphological changes that occurred in non-centrosymmetric structures in the tissue, such as collagen. Again, Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive method that provides a fingerprinting technique to differentiate benign and malignant tissue based on Raman signal. Photoacoustic microscopy and spectroscopy of tissue allow molecule-specific detection with high spatial resolution and penetration depth. In addition, terahertz spectroscopic studies reveal the variation of tissue water content during disease progression. In this review, we address the applications of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques for cancer detection based on the optical properties of the tissue. The discussed state-of-the-art techniques successfully determines malignancy to its rapid diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhoora Kaniyala Melanthota
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Yury V Kistenev
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Borisova
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 72, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- Biology Faculty, Saratov State University, 83, Astrakhanskaya Str, 410012, Saratov, Russia.
| | - Deyan Ivanov
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsarigradsko Chaussee Blvd, 72, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Zakharova
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andrey Boyko
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Denis Vrazhnov
- Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Dharshini Gopal
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Shweta Chakrabarti
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Shama Prasada K
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, Manipal, India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, Manipal, India.
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Katsanos G, Karakasi KE, Karolos IA, Kofinas A, Antoniadis N, Tsioukas V, Tsoulfas G. Volumetric assessment of hepatic grafts using a light detection and ranging system for 3D scanning: Preliminary data. World J Hepatol 2022; 14:1504-1511. [PMID: 36158905 PMCID: PMC9376777 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v14.i7.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver transplantation has evolved into a safe life-saving operation and remains the golden standard in the treatment of end stage liver disease. The main limiting factor in the application of liver transplantation is graft shortage. Many strategies have been developed in order to alleviate graft shortage, such as living donor partial liver transplantation and split liver transplantation for adult and pediatric patients. In these strategies, liver volume assessment is of paramount importance, as size mismatch can have severe consequences in the success of liver transplantation.
AIM To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and accuracy of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) 3D photography in the prediction of whole liver graft volume and mass.
METHODS Seven liver grafts procured for orthotopic liver transplantation from brain deceased donors were prospectively measured with an LIDAR handheld camera and their mass was calculated and compared to their actual weight.
RESULTS The mean error of all measurements was 17.03 g (range 3.56-59.33 g). Statistical analysis of the data yielded a Pearson correlation coefficient index of 0.9968, indicating a strong correlation between the values and a Student’s t-test P value of 0.26. Mean accuracy of the measurements was calculated at 97.88%.
CONCLUSION Our preliminary data indicate that LIDAR scanning of liver grafts is a safe, cost-effective, and feasible method of ex vivo determination of whole liver volume and mass. More data are needed to determine the precision and accuracy of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsanos
- Department of Transplantation, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Konstantina-Eleni Karakasi
- Department of Transplantation, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Ion-Anastasios Karolos
- Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Athanasios Kofinas
- Department of Transplantation, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Department of Transplantation, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Vassilios Tsioukas
- Department of Rural and Surveying Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsoulfas
- Department of Transplantation, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
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Bushunov AA, Teslenko AA, Tarabrin MK, Lazarev VA, Isaenko LI, Eliseev AP, Lobanov SI. Fabrication of antireflection microstructures on the surface of GaSe crystal by single-pulse femtosecond laser ablation. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:5994-5997. [PMID: 33137052 DOI: 10.1364/ol.404515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
GaSe crystals are promising as nonlinear optical converters in the mid- and far-IR ranges. However, it is challenging to increase the GaSe surface transmittance of 77% with conventional antireflection coatings because of poor surface quality, leading to coating adhesion problems. Antireflection microstructures (ARMs) offer an alternative way of increasing surface transmittance. In this work, ARMs were fabricated on the surface of a GaSe plate by single-pulse femtosecond laser ablation. An average GaSe surface transmittance of 94% in the 7-11 µm range and a maximum transmittance of 97.8% at 8.5 µm were obtained. The proposed method can be used to increase the efficiency of GaSe-based nonlinear converters.
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Partial Least-Squares Regression as a Tool to Retrieve Gas Concentrations in Mixtures Detected Using Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:11035-11043. [PMID: 32674566 PMCID: PMC8009469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
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We
report on a statistical tool based on partial least-squares
regression (PLSR) able to retrieve single-component concentrations
in a multiple-gas mixture characterized by spectrally overlapping
absorption features. Absorption spectra of mixtures of CO–N2O and mixtures of C2H2–CH4–N2O, both diluted in N2, were
detected in the mid-IR range by exploiting quartz-enhanced photoacoustic
spectroscopy (QEPAS) and using two quantum cascade lasers as light
sources. Single-gas reference spectra of each target molecule were
acquired and used as PLSR-based algorithm training data set. The concentration
range explored in the analysis varies from a few parts-per-million
(ppm) to thousands of ppm. Within this concentration range, the influence
of the gas matrix on nonradiative relaxation processes can be neglected.
Exploiting the ability of PLSR to deal with correlated data, these
spectra were used to generate new simulated spectra, i.e., linear
combinations of the reference ones. A Gaussian noise distribution
was added to the created data set, simulating the real QEPAS signal
fluctuations around the peak value. Compared with standard multilinear
regression, PLSR predicted gas concentrations with a calibration error
up to 5 times better, even with absorption features with spectral
overlap greater than 97%.
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Pandiselvam R, Mayookha V, Kothakota A, Ramesh S, Thirumdas R, Juvvi P. Biospeckle laser technique – A novel non-destructive approach for food quality and safety detection. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang L, Lin H, Feng XJ, Plimmer MD, Zhang JT. Saturation cavity ring-down spectrometry using a dynamical relaxation model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1769-1776. [PMID: 30732224 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new simple approximate solution to the two-state rate equation model for analyzing decay signals of saturation cavity ring-down spectrometry in the adiabatic and low-saturation regime. It helps obtain baseline-immune Doppler-free spectra for hyperfine transitions and linear absorption coefficients of a gas in the saturation regime. To demonstrate it, a baseline-immune Lamb dip spectrum of the R1A2 transitions in the 2v2 + v3 band of methane was recorded. The line position was determined to be 6 076.108 457 7(11) cm-1, the relative uncertainty being 1.8 × 10-10.
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Yin K, Zhu R, Zhang B, Jiang T, Chen S, Hou J. Ultrahigh-brightness, spectrally-flat, short-wave infrared supercontinuum source for long-range atmospheric applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:20010-20020. [PMID: 27607609 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fiber based supercontinuum (SC) sources with output spectra covering the infrared atmospheric window are very useful in long-range atmospheric applications. It is proven that silica fibers can support the generation of broadband SC sources ranging from the visible to the short-wave infrared region. In this paper, we present the generation of an ultrahigh-brightness spectrally-flat 2-2.5 μm SC source in a cladding pumped thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) numerically and experimentally. The underlying physical mechanisms behind the SC generation process are investigated firstly with a numerical model which includes the fiber gain and loss, the dispersive and nonlinear effects. Simulation results show that abundant soliton pulses are generated in the TDFA, and they are shifted towards the long wavelength side very quickly with the nonlinearity of Raman soliton self-frequency shift (SSFS), and eventually the Raman SSFS process is halted due to the silica fiber's infrared loss. A spectrally-flat 2-2.5 μm SC source could be generated as the result of the spectral superposition of these abundant soliton pulses. These simulation results correspond qualitatively well to the following experimental results. Then, in the experiment, a cladding pumped large-mode-area TDFA is built for pursuing a high-power 2-2.5 μm SC source. By enhancing the pump strength, the output SC spectrum broadens to the long wavelength side gradually. At the highest pump power, the obtained SC source has a maximum average power of 203.4 W with a power conversion efficiency of 38.7%. It has a 3 dB spectral bandwidth of 545 nm ranging from 1990 to 2535 nm, indicating a power spectral density in excess of 370 mW/nm. Meanwhile, the output SC source has a good beam profile. This SC source, to the best of our knowledge, is the brightest spectrally-flat 2-2.5 μm light source ever reported. It will be highly desirable in a lot of long-range atmospheric applications, such as broad-spectrum LIDAR, free space communication and hyper-spectral imaging.
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Yoo S, Sprafke A, Lipiński W, Liu J. Feature issue introduction: light, energy and the environment, 2015. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:A981-A984. [PMID: 27409971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.00a981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The feature issue highlights contributions from authors who presented their research at the OSA Light, Energy and the Environment Congress, held in Suzhou, China from 2 to 5 November, 2015.
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