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Hua J, Qiao W, Chen L. Recent Advances in Planar Optics-Based Glasses-Free 3D Displays. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.829011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glasses-free three-dimensional (3D) displays are one of the technologies that will redefine human-computer interfaces. However, many geometric optics-based 3D displays suffer from a limited field of view (FOV), severe resolution degradation, and visual fatigue. Recently, planar optical elements (e.g., diffraction gratings, diffractive lenses and metasurfaces) have shown superior light manipulating capability in terms of light intensity, phase, and polarization. As a result, planar optics hold great promise to tackle the critical challenges for glasses-free 3D displays, especially for portable electronics and transparent display applications. In this review, the limitations of geometric optics-based glasses-free 3D displays are analyzed. The promising solutions offered by planar optics for glasses-free 3D displays are introduced in detail. As a specific application and an appealing feature, augmented reality (AR) 3D displays enabled by planar optics are comprehensively discussed. Fabrication technologies are important challenges that hinder the development of 3D displays. Therefore, multiple micro/nanofabrication methods used in 3D displays are highlighted. Finally, the current status, future direction and potential applications for glasses-free 3D displays and glasses-free AR 3D displays are summarized.
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Augmented Reality Vector Light Field Display with Large Viewing Distance Based on Pixelated Multilevel Blazed Gratings. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8080337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glasses-free augmented reality (AR) 3D display has attracted great interest in its ability to merge virtual 3D objects with real scenes naturally, without the aid of any wearable devices. Here we propose an AR vector light field display based on a view combiner and an off-the-shelf purchased projector. The view combiner is sparsely covered with pixelated multilevel blazed gratings (MBG) for the projection of perspective virtual images. Multi-order diffraction of the MBG is designed to increase the viewing distance and vertical viewing angle. In a 20-inch prototype, multiple sets of 16 horizontal views form a smooth parallax. The viewing distance of the 3D scene is larger than 5 m. The vertical viewing angle is 15.6°. The light efficiencies of all views are larger than 53%. We demonstrate that the displayed virtual 3D scene retains natural motion parallax and high brightness while having a consistent occlusion effect with natural objects. This research can be extended to applications in areas such as human–computer interaction, entertainment, education, and medical care.
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Crespel T, Reuter P, Travis A, Gentet Y, Granier X. Autostereoscopic transparent display using a wedge light guide and a holographic optical element: implementation and results. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:G293-G299. [PMID: 31873513 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.00g293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a transparent autostereoscopic display consisting of laser picoprojectors, a wedge light guide, and a holographic optical element. The holographic optical element is optically recorded, and we present the recording setup, our prototype, as well as the results. Such a display can superimpose 3D data on the real world without any wearable.
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Chen E, Zhao Y, Lin S, Cai J, Xu S, Ye Y, Yan QF, Guo T. Design of improved prototype of two-in-one polarization-interlaced stereoscopic projection display. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4060-4076. [PMID: 30876028 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present an improved two-in-one polarization-interlaced liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCoS) stereoscopic projection prototype employing a novel prism-array configuration and a specially designed illumination freeform lens group. The parallel prism configuration is designed based on the balance analysis between stereoscopic channels. For further system simplification, the illumination lens group, which consists of three prepositive aspherical surfaces and a single postpositive freeform one, is synthetically obtained from the Monge-Ampère method and feedback optimization. Design results show that the proposed prototype can well solve the problem of stereo-channel separation and integration, and provide both better performance and lower volume. It is proven to have potentiality replacing existing stereoscopic projectors.
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Abstract
Recently, metasurfaces composed of artificially fabricated subwavelength structures have shown remarkable potential for the manipulation of light with unprecedented functionality. Here, we first demonstrate a metasurface application to realize a compact near-eye display system for augmented reality with a wide field of view. A key component is a see-through metalens with an anisotropic response, a high numerical aperture with a large aperture, and broadband characteristics. By virtue of these high-performance features, the metalens can overcome the existing bottleneck imposed by the narrow field of view and bulkiness of current systems, which hinders their usability and further development. Experimental demonstrations with a nanoimprinted large-area see-through metalens are reported, showing full-color imaging with a wide field of view and feasibility of mass production. This work on novel metasurface applications shows great potential for the development of optical display systems for future consumer electronics and computer vision applications.
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Hong JY, Lee CK, Lee S, Lee B, Yoo D, Jang C, Kim J, Jeong J, Lee B. See-through optical combiner for augmented reality head-mounted display: index-matched anisotropic crystal lens. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2753. [PMID: 28584247 PMCID: PMC5459829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel see-through optical device to combine the real world and the virtual image is proposed which is called an index-matched anisotropic crystal lens (IMACL). The convex lens made of anisotropic crystal is enveloped with the isotropic material having same refractive index with the extraordinary refractive index of the anisotropic crystal. This optical device functions as the transparent glass or lens according to the polarization state of the incident light. With the novel optical property, IMACL can be utilized in the see-through near eye display, or head-mounted display for augmented reality. The optical property of the proposed optical device is analyzed and aberration by the anisotropic property of the index-matched anisotropic crystal lens is described with the simulation. The concept of the head-mounted display using IMACL is introduced and various optical performances such as field of view, form factor and transmittance are analyzed. The prototype is implemented to verify the proposed system and experimental results show the mixture between the virtual image and real world scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Young Hong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chang-Kun Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Seungjae Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byounghyo Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dongheon Yoo
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Changwon Jang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Jeong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Byoungho Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-Gu Gwanakro 1, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
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Jia J, Chen J, Yao J, Chu D. A scalable diffraction-based scanning 3D colour video display as demonstrated by using tiled gratings and a vertical diffuser. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44656. [PMID: 28304371 PMCID: PMC5356339 DOI: 10.1038/srep44656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A high quality 3D display requires a high amount of optical information throughput, which needs an appropriate mechanism to distribute information in space uniformly and efficiently. This study proposes a front-viewing system which is capable of managing the required amount of information efficiently from a high bandwidth source and projecting 3D images with a decent size and a large viewing angle at video rate in full colour. It employs variable gratings to support a high bandwidth distribution. This concept is scalable and the system can be made compact in size. A horizontal parallax only (HPO) proof-of-concept system is demonstrated by projecting holographic images from a digital micro mirror device (DMD) through rotational tiled gratings before they are realised on a vertical diffuser for front-viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Department of Engineering, Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U. K
| | - Jhensi Chen
- Department of Engineering, Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U. K
| | - Jun Yao
- Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd, Huawei Industrial Base, Bantian Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518129, P. R. China
| | - Daping Chu
- Department of Engineering, Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U. K.
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