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Wyss RM, Parzefall M, Schlichting KP, Gruber CM, Busschaert S, Lightner CR, Lörtscher E, Novotny L, Heeg S. Freestanding and Permeable Nanoporous Gold Membranes for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:16558-16567. [PMID: 35353489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) demands reliable, high-enhancement substrates in order to be used in different fields of application. Here we introduce freestanding porous gold membranes (PAuM) as easy-to-produce, scalable, mechanically stable, and effective SERS substrates. We fabricate large-scale sub-30 nm thick PAuM that form freestanding membranes with varying morphologies depending on the nominal gold thickness. These PAuM are mechanically stable for pressures up to more than 3 bar and exhibit surface-enhanced Raman scattering with local enhancement factors from 104 to 105, which we demonstrate by wavelength-dependent and spatially resolved Raman measurements using graphene as a local Raman probe. Numerical simulations reveal that the enhancement arises from individual, nanoscale pores in the membrane acting as optical slot antennas. Our PAuM are mechanically stable, provide robust SERS enhancement for excitation power densities up to 106 W cm-2, and may find use as a building block in SERS-based sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Wyss
- Soft Materials Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | | | - Karl-Philipp Schlichting
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging Technologies Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Carin Rae Lightner
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Lukas Novotny
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Heeg
- Photonics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 12489Berlin, Germany
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Tatmyshevskiy MK, Yakubovsky DI, Kapitanova OO, Solovey VR, Vyshnevyy AA, Ermolaev GA, Klishin YA, Mironov MS, Voronov AA, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Novikov SM. Hybrid Metal-Dielectric-Metal Sandwiches for SERS Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123205. [PMID: 34947554 PMCID: PMC8708964 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient plasmonic nanostructures with controlled and reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signals is an important task for the evolution of ultrasensitive sensor-related methods. One of the methods to improving the characteristics of nanostructures is the development of hybrid structures that include several types of materials. Here, we experimentally investigate ultrathin gold films (3–9 nm) near the percolation threshold on Si/Au/SiO2 and Si/Au/SiO2/graphene multilayer structures. The occurring field enhanced (FE) effects were characterized by a recording of SERS signal from Crystal Violet dye. In this geometry, the overall FE principally benefits from the combination of two mechanisms. The first one is associated with plasmon excitation in Au clusters located closest to each other. The second is due to the gap plasmons’ excitation in a thin dielectric layer between the mirror and corrugated gold layers. Experimentally obtained SERS signals from sandwiched structures fabricated with Au film of 100 nm as a reflector, dielectric SiO2 spacer of 50 nm and ultrathin gold atop could reach SERS enhancements of up to around seven times relative to gold films near the percolation threshold deposited on a standard glass substrate. The close contiguity of the analyte to graphene and nanostructured Au efficiently quenches the fluorescent background of the model compound. The obtained result shows that the strategy of combining ultrathin nano-island gold films near the percolation threshold with gap plasmon resonances is promising for the design of highly efficient SERS substrates for potential applications in ultrasensitive Raman detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail K. Tatmyshevskiy
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +7-9056137678 (M.K.T.); +7-9032360487 (S.M.N.)
| | - Dmitry I. Yakubovsky
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Olesya O. Kapitanova
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin R. Solovey
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Andrey A. Vyshnevyy
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Georgy A. Ermolaev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Yuri A. Klishin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Mikhail S. Mironov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Artem A. Voronov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Sergey M. Novikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 9 Institutsky Lane, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); (O.O.K.); (V.R.S.); (A.A.V.); (G.A.E.); (Y.A.K.); (M.S.M.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.T.); (S.M.N.); Tel.: +7-9056137678 (M.K.T.); +7-9032360487 (S.M.N.)
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Tatarkin DE, Yakubovsky DI, Ermolaev GA, Stebunov YV, Voronov AA, Arsenin AV, Volkov VS, Novikov SM. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Hybrid Graphene/Gold Substrates near the Percolation Threshold. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E164. [PMID: 31963496 PMCID: PMC7022774 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising platform for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-active substrates, primarily due to the possibility of quenching photoluminescence and fluorescence. Here we study ultrathin gold films near the percolation threshold fabricated by electron-beam deposition on monolayer CVD graphene. The advantages of such hybrid graphene/gold substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy are discussed in comparison with conventional substrates without the graphene layer. The percolation threshold is determined by independent measurements of the sheet resistance and effective dielectric constant by spectroscopic ellipsometry. The surface morphology of the ultrathin gold films is analyzed by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the thicknesses of the films in addition to the quartz-crystal mass-thickness sensor are also measured by AFM. We experimentally demonstrate that the maximum SERS signal is observed near and slightly below the percolation threshold. In this case, the region of maximum enhancement of the SERS signal can be determined using the figure of merit (FOM), which is the ratio of the real and imaginary parts of the effective dielectric permittivity of the films. SERS measurements on hybrid graphene/gold substrates with the dye Crystal Violet show an enhancement factor of ~105 and also demonstrate the ability of graphene to quench photoluminescence by an average of ~60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry E. Tatarkin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Dmitry I. Yakubovsky
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Georgy A. Ermolaev
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury V. Stebunov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Artem A. Voronov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Aleksey V. Arsenin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
| | - Sergey M. Novikov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia; (D.I.Y.); or (Y.V.S.); (A.A.V.); (A.V.A.); (V.S.V.)
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Jiao A, Zhang H, Xu L, Tian Y, Liu X, Chen M, Chen F. Core-shell Au@Ag nanodendrites supported on TiO 2 nanowires for blue laser beam-excited SERS-based pH sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23981-23995. [PMID: 31510294 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The blue laser beam-excited surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based pH sensing holds great promise for avoiding undesired thermal heating effect on some special temperature-vulnerable molecules, as compared to the vast majority studies by exciting in the red or near-infrared (NIR). Herein, we report an ingenious approach to support core-shell Au@Ag nanodendrites (NDs) on TiO2 nanowires, which can possess enhanced SERS activity under 473 nm laser excitation, owing to the improved charge-transfer effect on modified TiO2 support by inserting plasmonic Au@Ag. By using pH-indicating 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA), the obtained TiO2/Au@Ag NDs can not only exhibit high sensitive linear-responses of pH changes ranging from pH 4.0 to 9.0 in different solutions (deionized water, NaCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2) but also provide excellent temperature stability under 4°C, 25°C and 37°C temperatures as well as good time stability after storage for 10 days. The established SERS-pH sensing by using shorter wavelength laser excitation is highly desirable for understanding physiological process in temperature-vulnerable microenvironment.
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Roberts AS, Novikov SM, Yang Y, Chen Y, Boroviks S, Beermann J, Mortensen NA, Bozhevolnyi SI. Laser Writing of Bright Colors on Near-Percolation Plasmonic Reflector Arrays. ACS NANO 2019; 13:71-77. [PMID: 30525433 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coloration by surface nanostructuring has attracted a great deal of attention by the virtue of making use of environment-friendly recyclable materials and generating nonbleaching colors. Recently, it was found possible to delegate the task of color printing to laser postprocessing that modifies carefully designed and fabricated nanostructures. Here we take the next crucial step in the development of structural color printing by dispensing with preformed nanostructures and using instead near-percolation metal films atop dielectric-metal sandwiches, that is, near-percolation plasmonic reflector arrays. Scanning rapidly (∼20 μm/s) across 4 nm-thin island-like gold films supported by 30 nm-thin silica layers atop 100 nm-thick gold layers with a strongly focused Ti-sapphire laser beam, while adjusting the average laser power from 1 to 10 mW, we produce bright colors varying from green to red by laser-heating-induced merging and reshaping of gold islands. Selection of strongly heated islands and their reshaping, both originating from excitation of plasmonic resonances, are strongly influenced by the polarization direction of laser illumination, so that the colors produced are well pronounced only when viewed with the same polarization. Conversely, the laser color writing with circular polarizations results in bright polarization-independent color images. The fabrication procedure for near-percolation reflector arrays is exceedingly simple and scalable to mass production, while the laser-induced modification occurs inherently with the subwavelength resolution. This combination of features makes the approach developed for laser color writing readily amenable for practical implementation and use in diverse applications ranging from nanoscale patterning for security marking to large-scale color printing for decoration.
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Microsphere Assisted Super-resolution Optical Imaging of Plasmonic Interaction between Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13789. [PMID: 29062012 PMCID: PMC5653755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional far-field microscopy cannot directly resolve the sub-diffraction spatial distribution of localized surface plasmons in metal nanostructures. Using BaTiO3 microspheres as far-field superlenses by collecting the near-field signal, we can map the origin of enhanced two-photon photoluminescence signal from the gap region of gold nanosphere dimers and gold nanorod dimers beyond the diffraction limit, on a conventional far-field microscope. As the angle θ between dimer's structural axis and laser polarisation changes, photoluminescence intensity varies with a cos4θ function, which agrees quantitatively with numerical simulations. An optical resolution of about λ/7 (λ: two-photon luminescence central wavelength) is demonstrated at dimer's gap region.
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Frydendahl C, Repän T, Geisler M, Novikov SM, Beermann J, Lavrinenko AV, Xiao S, Bozhevolnyi SI, Mortensen NA, Stenger N. Optical reconfiguration and polarization control in semi-continuous gold films close to the percolation threshold. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:12014-12024. [PMID: 28795742 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr03378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and confining light by exciting plasmons in resonant metallic nanostructures is an essential aspect of many new emerging optical technologies. Here we explore the possibility of controllably reconfiguring the intrinsic optical properties of semi-continuous gold films, by inducing permanent morphological changes with a femtosecond (fs)-pulsed laser above a critical power. Optical transmission spectroscopy measurements show a correlation between the spectra of the morphologically modified films and the wavelength, polarization, and the intensity of the laser used for alteration. In order to understand the modifications induced by the laser writing, we explore the near-field properties of these films with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). A comparison between our experimental data and full-wave simulations on the exact film morphologies hints toward a restructuring of the intrinsic plasmonic eigenmodes of the metallic film by photothermal effects. We explain these optical changes with a simple model and demonstrate experimentally that laser writing can be used to controllably modify the optical properties of these semi-continuous films. These metal films offer an easy-to-fabricate and scalable platform for technological applications such as molecular sensing and ultra-dense data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Frydendahl
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads 343, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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