1
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Wei Y, Pence IJ, Wiatrowski A, Slade JB, Evans CL. Quantitative analysis of drug tablet aging by fast hyper-spectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Analyst 2024; 149:1436-1446. [PMID: 38050860 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01527k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical development of solid-state formulations requires testing active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and excipients for uniformity and stability. Solid-state properties such as component distribution and grain size are crucial factors that influence the dissolution profile, which greatly affect drug efficacy and toxicity, and can only be analyzed spatially by chemical imaging (CI) techniques. Current CI techniques such as near infrared microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy are capable of high chemical and spatial resolution but cannot achieve the measurement speeds necessary for integration into the pharmaceutical production and quality assurance processes. To fill this gap, we demonstrate fast chemical imaging by epi-detected sparse spectral sampling stimulated Raman scattering to quantify API and excipient degradation and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wei
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, 260 Longwood Ave, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
| | - Anna Wiatrowski
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
| | - Julia B Slade
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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2
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Ordouie E, Jiang T, Zhou T, A Juneghani F, Eshaghi M, G Vazimali M, Fathpour S, Jalali B. Differential phase-diversity electrooptic modulator for cancellation of fiber dispersion and laser noise. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6065. [PMID: 37770444 PMCID: PMC10539277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bandwidth and noise are fundamental considerations in all communication and signal processing systems. The group-velocity dispersion of optical fibers creates nulls in their frequency response, limiting the bandwidth and hence the temporal response of communication and signal processing systems. Intensity noise is often the dominant optical noise source for semiconductor lasers in data communication. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a class of electrooptic modulators that is capable of mitigating both of these problems. The modulator, fabricated in thin-film lithium niobate, simultaneously achieves phase diversity and differential operations. The former compensates for the fiber's dispersion penalty, while the latter overcomes intensity noise and other common mode fluctuations. Applications of the so-called four-phase electrooptic modulator in time-stretch data acquisition and in optical communication are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ordouie
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Tianwei Jiang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingyi Zhou
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Juneghani
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mahdi Eshaghi
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Milad G Vazimali
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sasan Fathpour
- CREOL, The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Bahram Jalali
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Brzozowski K, Matuszyk E, Pieczara A, Firlej J, Nowakowska AM, Baranska M. Stimulated Raman scattering microscopy in chemistry and life science - Development, innovation, perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108003. [PMID: 35690271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present a summary of the basics of the Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) phenomenon, methods of detecting the signal, and collection of the SRS images. We demonstrate the advantages of SRS imaging, and recent developments, but also the limitations, especially in image capture speeds and spatial resolution. We also compare the use of SRS microscopy in biological system studies with other techniques such as fluorescence microscopy, second-harmonic generation (SHG)-based microscopy, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), and spontaneous Raman, and we show the compatibility of SRS-based systems with other discussed methods. The review is also focused on indicating innovations in SRS microscopy, on the background of which we present the layout and performance of our homemade setup built from commercially available elements enabling for imaging of the molecular structure of single cells over the spectral range of 800-3600 cm-1. Methods of image analysis are discussed, including machine learning methods for obtaining images of the distribution of selected molecules and for the detection of pathological lesions in tissues or malignant cells in the context of clinical diagnosis of a wide range of diseases with the use of SRS microscopy. Finally, perspectives for the development of SRS microscopy are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brzozowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - E Matuszyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pieczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - J Firlej
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - A M Nowakowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - M Baranska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Völkel A, Nimmesgern L, Mielnik-Pyszczorski A, Wirth T, Herink G. Intracavity Raman scattering couples soliton molecules with terahertz phonons. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2066. [PMID: 35440623 PMCID: PMC9018723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast atomic vibrations mediate heat transport, serve as fingerprints for chemical bonds and drive phase transitions in condensed matter systems. Light pulses shorter than the atomic oscillation period can not only probe, but even stimulate and control collective excitations. In general, such interactions are performed with free-propagating pulses. Here, we demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. Employing real-time spectral interferometry, we reveal that Terahertz beats of Raman-active optical phonons are the origin of soliton bound-states – also termed “Soliton molecules” – and we resolve a coherent coupling mechanism of phonon and intra-cavity soliton motion. Concurring electronic and nuclear refractive nonlinearities generate distinct soliton trajectories and, effectively, enhance the time-domain Raman signal. We utilize the intrinsic soliton motion to automatically perform highspeed Raman spectroscopy of the intra-cavity crystal. Our results pinpoint the impact of Raman-induced soliton interactions in crystalline laser media and microresonators, and offer unique perspectives toward ultrafast nonlinear phononics by exploiting the coupling of atomic motion and solitons inside a cavity. Here, the authors demonstrate intra-cavity excitation and time-domain sampling of coherent optical phonons inside an active laser oscillator. They discover that Terahertz crystal vibrations link successive ultrashort solitons which offers an approach to highspeed Raman spectroscopy inside laser cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Völkel
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Luca Nimmesgern
- Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Adam Mielnik-Pyszczorski
- Theoretical Physics III, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.,Department of Theoretical Physics, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Timo Wirth
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Georg Herink
- Experimental Physics VIII-Ultrafast Dynamics, University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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5
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Pence IJ, Kuzma BA, Brinkmann M, Hellwig T, Evans CL. Multi-window sparse spectral sampling stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6095-6114. [PMID: 34745724 PMCID: PMC8547998 DOI: 10.1364/boe.432177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a nondestructive and rapid technique for imaging of biological and clinical specimens with label-free chemical specificity. SRS spectral imaging is typically carried out either via broadband methods, or by tuning narrowband ultrafast light sources over narrow spectral ranges thus specifically targeting vibrational frequencies. We demonstrate a multi-window sparse spectral sampling SRS (S4RS) approach where a rapidly-tunable dual-output all-fiber optical parametric oscillator is tuned into specific vibrational modes across more than 1400 cm-1 during imaging. This approach is capable of collecting SRS hyperspectral images either by scanning a full spectrum or by rapidly tuning into select target frequencies, hands-free and automatically, across the fingerprint, silent, and high wavenumber windows of the Raman spectrum. We further apply computational techniques for spectral decomposition and feature selection to identify a sparse subset of Raman frequencies capable of sample discrimination. Here we have applied this novel method to monitor spatiotemporal dynamic changes of active pharmaceutical ingredients in skin, which has particular relevance to topical drug product delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kuzma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Tim Hellwig
- Refined Laser Systems GmbH, Münster, Germany
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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6
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De la Cadena A, Valensise CM, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Polli D. Broadband stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with wavelength-scanning detection. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2020; 51:1951-1959. [PMID: 33132486 PMCID: PMC7586786 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a high-sensitivity broadband stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) setup featuring wide spectral coverage (up to 500 cm-1) and high-frequency resolution (≈20 cm-1). The system combines a narrowband Stokes pulse, obtained by spectral filtering an Yb laser, with a broadband pump pulse generated by a home-built optical parametric oscillator. A single-channel lock-in amplifier connected to a single-pixel photodiode measures the stimulated Raman loss signal, whose spectrum is scanned rapidly using a galvanometric mirror after the sample. We use the in-line balanced detection approach to suppress laser fluctuations and achieve close to shot-noise-limited sensitivity. The setup is capable of measuring accurately the SRS spectra of several solvents and of obtaining hyperspectral data cubes consisting in the broadband SRS microscopy images of polymer beads test samples as well as of the distribution of different biological substances within plant cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Marangoni
- IFN‐CNR, Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN‐CNR, Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN‐CNR, Dipartimento di FisicaPolitecnico di MilanoMilanoItaly
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7
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Mance JG, La Lone BM, Madajian JA, Turley WD, Veeser LR. Time-stretch spectroscopy for fast infrared absorption spectra of acetylene and hydroxyl radicals during combustion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29004-29015. [PMID: 33114807 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a diagnostic that uses time-domain spectroscopy to measure transient infrared absorption spectra in gases. Using a time-stretch Fourier transform approach, we can determine pressure, temperature, and gas concentrations with sub-microsecond time resolution for over two milliseconds. We demonstrate high-resolution (0.015 nm), time-resolved spectral measurements in an acetylene-oxygen gas mixture undergoing combustion. Within a 5 µs period during the reaction, the acetylene line intensities decrease substantially, and new spectra appear that are consistent with the hydroxyl (OH) radical, a common by-product in the combustion, deflagration, and detonation of fuels and explosives. Post-reaction pressures and temperatures were estimated from the OH spectra. The technique measures spectra from 1520 to 1620 nm using fiber optics, photodetectors, and digitizers. No cameras or spectrometers are required.
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8
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Elliott DB, Gerakis A. High-speed fiber-based spectrometer for plasma Thomson scattering. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7045-7052. [PMID: 32788799 DOI: 10.1364/ao.397599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel concept for a Thomson scattering diagnostic, based on a high-speed fiber optic spectrometer. The high-speed fiber optic spectrometer presented here translates a spectral measurement from the frequency domain into the time domain, thus requiring the use of only a single photodetector for spectral acquisition. The high temporal precision offered by the instrument gives rise to a number of advantages over traditional spectrometers, such as nearly background-free measurements and multiple uses of the same injected beam. Multiple uses of the same beam would enable greatly increased measurement rates, in the range of 10-100 MHz. The spectral range and resolution of the fiber spectrometer can be easily tailored to be optimized for the light source and experimental conditions by selecting different lengths of fiber, thus allowing for the proposed technique to exhibit high dynamic range when measuring many points simultaneously. Finally, due to the temporal separation of the background from the signal, these improvements are possible without the need for increased average input laser power.
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9
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Abstract
The advent of image-activated cell sorting and imaging-based cell picking has advanced our knowledge and exploitation of biological systems in the last decade. Unfortunately, they generally rely on fluorescent labeling for cellular phenotyping, an indirect measure of the molecular landscape in the cell, which has critical limitations. Here we demonstrate Raman image-activated cell sorting by directly probing chemically specific intracellular molecular vibrations via ultrafast multicolor stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy for cellular phenotyping. Specifically, the technology enables real-time SRS-image-based sorting of single live cells with a throughput of up to ~100 events per second without the need for fluorescent labeling. To show the broad utility of the technology, we show its applicability to diverse cell types and sizes. The technology is highly versatile and holds promise for numerous applications that are previously difficult or undesirable with fluorescence-based technologies. Most current cell sorting methods are based on fluorescence detection with no imaging capability. Here the authors generate and use Raman image-activated cell sorting with a throughput of around 100 events per second, providing molecular images with no need for labeling.
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10
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Shateri F, Behzadfar S, Kavehvash Z. Improved depth resolution and depth-of-field in temporal integral imaging systems through non-uniform and curved time-lens array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:6261-6276. [PMID: 32225879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Observing and studying the evolution of rare non-repetitive natural phenomena such as optical rogue waves or dynamic chemical processes in living cells is a crucial necessity for developing science and technologies relating to them. One indispensable technique for investigating these fast evolutions is temporal imaging systems. However, just as conventional spatial imaging systems are incapable of capturing depth information of a three-dimensional scene, typical temporal imaging systems also lack this ability to retrieve depth information-different dispersions in a complex pulse. Therefore, enabling temporal imaging systems to provide these information with great detail would add a new facet to the analysis of ultra-fast pulses. In this paper, after discussing how spatial three-dimensional integral imaging could be generalized to the time domain, two distinct methods have been proposed in order to compensate for its shortcomings such as relatively low depth resolution and limited depth-of-field. The first method utilizes a curved time-lens array instead of a flat one, which leads to an improved viewing zone and depth resolution, simultaneously. The second one which widens the depth-of-field is based on the non-uniformity of focal lengths of time-lenses in the time-lens array. It has been shown that compared with conventional setup for temporal integral imaging, depth resolution, i.e. dispersion resolvability, and depth-of-field, i.e. the range of resolvable dispersions, have been improved by a factor of 2.5 and 1.87, respectively.
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11
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Mance JG, La Lone BM, Dolan DH, Payne SL, Ramsey DL, Veeser LR. Time-stretched photonic Doppler velocimetry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25022-25030. [PMID: 31510382 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inertial confinement fusion facilities generate implosions at speeds greater than 100 km/s, and measuring the material velocities is important and challenging. We have developed a new velocimetry technique that uses time-stretched spectral interferometry to increase the measurable velocity range normally limited by the detector bandwidth. In this approach, the signal is encoded on a chirped laser pulse that is stretched in time to reduce the beat frequency before detection. We demonstrate the technique on an imploding liner experiment at the Sandia National Laboratories' Z machine, where beat frequencies in excess of 50 GHz were measured with 20 GHz bandwidth detection.
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12
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Hu F, Shi L, Min W. Biological imaging of chemical bonds by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Nat Methods 2019; 16:830-842. [PMID: 31471618 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-019-0538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
All molecules consist of chemical bonds, and much can be learned from mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of these bonds. Since its invention a decade ago, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy has become a powerful modality for imaging chemical bonds with high sensitivity, resolution, speed and specificity. We introduce the fundamentals of SRS microscopy and review innovations in SRS microscopes and imaging probes. We highlight examples of exciting biological applications, and share our vision for potential future breakthroughs for this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghao Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lixue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. .,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Bai Z, Lonappan CK, Jiang T, Madni AM, Yan F, Jalali B. Tera-sample-per-second single-shot device analyzer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23321-23335. [PMID: 31510612 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the ever-increasing need for bandwidth in data centers and 5G mobile communications, technologies for rapid characterization of wide-band devices are in high demand. We report an instrument for extremely fast characterization of the electronic and optoelectronic devices with 27 ns frequency-response acquisition time at the effective sampling rate of 2.5 Tera-sample/s and an ultra-low effective timing jitter of 5.4 fs. This instrument features automated digital signal processing algorithms including time-series segmentation and frame alignment, impulse localization and Tikhonov regularized deconvolution for single-shot impulse and frequency response measurements. The system is based on the photonic time-stretch and features phase diversity to eliminate frequency fading and extend the bandwidth of the instrument.
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14
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Saltarelli F, Kumar V, Viola D, Crisafi F, Preda F, Cerullo G, Polli D. Photonic Time-Stretch Spectroscopy for Multiplex Stimulated Raman Scattering. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920503003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy enables label-free molecular identification, but its broadband implementation is technically challenging. We experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to multiplex stimulated Raman scattering based on photonic time stretch. A telecom fiber stretches the broadband femtosecond Stokes pulse after the sample to ∼15ns, mapping its spectrum in time. The signal is sampled through a fast oscilloscope, providing single-shot spectra at 80-kHz rate. We demonstrate high sensitivity in detecting the Raman vibrational modes of various samples over the entire high-frequency C-H stretching region. Our results pave the way to high-speed broadband vibrational imaging for materials science and biophotonics.
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15
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Gottschall T, Meyer T, Schmitt M, Popp J, Limpert J, Tünnermann A. Advances in laser concepts for multiplex, coherent Raman scattering micro-spectroscopy and imaging. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Crisafi F, Kumar V, Perri A, Marangoni M, Cerullo G, Polli D. Multimodal nonlinear microscope based on a compact fiber-format laser source. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:135-140. [PMID: 28709138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present a multimodal non-linear optical (NLO) laser-scanning microscope, based on a compact fiber-format excitation laser and integrating coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) and two-photon-excitation fluorescence (TPEF) on a single platform. We demonstrate its capabilities in simultaneously acquiring CARS and SRS images of a blend of 6-μm poly(methyl methacrylate) beads and 3-μm polystyrene beads. We then apply it to visualize cell walls and chloroplast of an unprocessed fresh leaf of Elodea aquatic plant via SRS and TPEF modalities, respectively. The presented NLO microscope, developed in house using off-the-shelf components, offers full accessibility to the optical path and ensures its easy re-configurability and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crisafi
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vikas Kumar
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Perri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Marangoni
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy; Center for Nano Science and Technology @Polimi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Giovanni Pascoli 70/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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17
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Herink G, Kurtz F, Jalali B, Solli DR, Ropers C. Real-time spectral interferometry probes the internal dynamics of femtosecond soliton molecules. Science 2017; 356:50-54. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aal5326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Mohler KJ, Bohn BJ, Yan M, Mélen G, Hänsch TW, Picqué N. Dual-comb coherent Raman spectroscopy with lasers of 1-GHz pulse repetition frequency. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:318-321. [PMID: 28081102 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We extend the technique of multiplex coherent Raman spectroscopy with two femtosecond mode-locked lasers to oscillators of a pulse repetition frequency of 1 GHz. We demonstrate a spectra of liquids, which span 1100 cm-1 of Raman shifts. At a resolution of 6 cm-1, their measurement time may be as short as 5 μs for a refresh rate of 2 kHz. The waiting period between acquisitions is improved 10-fold compared to previous experiments with two lasers of 100-MHz repetition frequencies.
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