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Marcucci N, Guo TL, Pélisset S, Roussey M, Grosjean T, Descrovi E. Bloch Surface Waves in Open Fabry-Perot Microcavities. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:509. [PMID: 36984916 PMCID: PMC10054795 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the increasing availability of technologies for thin film deposition, all-dielectric structures are becoming more and more attractive for integrated photonics. As light-matter interactions are involved, Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) may represent a viable alternative to plasmonic platforms, allowing easy wavelength and polarization manipulation and reduced absorption losses. However, plasmon-based devices operating at an optical and near-infrared frequency have been demonstrated to reach extraordinary field confinement capabilities, with localized mode volumes of down to a few nanometers. Although such levels of energy localization are substantially unattainable with dielectrics, it is possible to operate subwavelength field confinement by employing high-refractive index materials with proper patterning such as, e.g., photonic crystals and metasurfaces. Here, we propose a computational study on the transverse localization of BSWs by means of quasi-flat Fabry-Perot microcavities, which have the advantage of being fully exposed toward the outer environment. These structures are constituted by defected periodic corrugations of a dielectric multilayer top surface. The dispersion and spatial distribution of BSWs' cavity mode are presented. In addition, the hybridization of BSWs with an A exciton in a 2D flake of tungsten disulfide (WS2) is also addressed. We show evidence of strong coupling involving not only propagating BSWs but also localized BSWs, namely, band-edge and cavity modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Tian-Long Guo
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ségolène Pélisset
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matthieu Roussey
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Thierry Grosjean
- Department of Optics, FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR CNRS 6174, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Emiliano Descrovi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
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Wu F, Liu D, Li Y, Li H. Ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing enabled by a dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the band edge in a one-dimensional photonic crystal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:29030-29043. [PMID: 36299088 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and Bloch surface waves (BSWs) have been widely utilized to design sensitive refractive index sensors. However, SPP- and BSW-based refractive index sensors require additional coupling component (prism) or coupling structure (grating or fiber), which increases the difficulty to observe ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing in experiments. Herein, we realize dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the band edges in an all-dielectric one-dimensional photonic crystal for oblique incidence. By virtue of the dramatic ellipsometric phase change at the long-wavelength band edge, we design an ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor at near-infrared wavelengths. The minimal resolution of the designed sensor reaches 9.28×10-8 RIU. Compared with SPP- and BSW-based refractive index sensors, the designed ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor does not require any additional coupling component or coupling structure. Such ultra-sensitive refractive index sensor would possess applications in monitoring temperature, humidity, pressure, and concentration of biological analytes.
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Abstract
For sensors based on the electromagnetic resonance whether the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) or localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), enhancing the light-matter interactions is the most critical and important way to improve their performance. Plasmonic nano-arrays are a kind of periodic metal or dielectric nanostructure formed by nanofabrication technology and can effectively enhance the light-matter interactions by tuning structural parameters to cause different optical effects due to their ultra-high degree of freedom. At the same time, a plug-and-play, remote microsensor suitable for limited environments (such as in vivo systems) may be realized due to the rise of lab-on-fiber technology and the progress of nanofabrication technology for unconventional substrates (such as an optical fiber tip). In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different nanofabrication technologies are briefly introduced and compared firstly, and then the applications of optical fiber sensors (OFS) based on different plasmonic nano-arrays are reviewed. Plasmonic nano-array OFS are divided into two categories: refractive index sensors based on the sensitivity of the array to the surrounding environment and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors based on the enhancement ability of the local electric field around the array. In this review, the present sensors are compared and analyzed from the aspects of the geometry, material and dimensions of plasmonic nano-arrays and the main research directions and progress are summarized. Finally, the future development trend is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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Highly Sensitive THz Gas-Sensor Based on the Guided Bloch Surface Wave Resonance in Polymeric Photonic Crystals. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051217. [PMID: 32182728 PMCID: PMC7085041 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
THz waves have interesting applications in refractive index sensing. A THz gas sensor based on the guided Bloch surface wave resonance (GBSWR) in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPhC), which consists of periodic polycarbonate (PC) layers and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layers, has been proposed. Numerical results based on finite element method (FEM) show that the photonic band gap that confines Bloch surface waves (BSWs) lies in the regime of 11.54 to 21.43 THz, in which THz wave can transmit in both PC and PVDF with the ignored absorption. The calculated sensitivity of hazardous gas HCN in angle is found to be 118.6°/RIU (and the corresponding figure of merit (FOM) is 227) and the sensitivity in frequency is 4.7 THz/RIU (the corresponding FOM is 301.3). The proposed structure may also be used for monitoring hazardous gases which show absorption to the incident THz wave. Further results show that for N2O gas, the maximum sensitivity goes up to 644 (transmittance unit/ one unit of the imaginary part of the refractive index). The proposed design may find applications in the detection of dangerous gases.
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Gonzalez-Valencia E, Herrera RA, Torres P. Bloch surface wave resonance in photonic crystal fibers: towards ultra-wide range refractive index sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8236-8245. [PMID: 31052645 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a new approach based on the use of a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) made of dielectric layers with alternating refractive indexes deposited inside a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed as a suitable platform for the excitation of Bloch surface waves (BSWs). The presence of an additional dielectric layer on the 1DPC modifies the local effective refractive index, enabling a direct manipulation of the BSWs. In particular, we investigate BSW resonance conditions in a 1DPC of alternating layers of TiO2 and SiO2 deposited inside a three-hole suspended-core PCF to design an ultra-wide range refractive index sensor in the near infrared. The obtained simulation results indicate that BSW sensors based on PCF could be an alternative to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, with a ultrahigh sensing figure-of-merit, which might facilitate applications in high-resolution refractive index sensing.
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Aliberti A, Ricciardi A, Giaquinto M, Micco A, Bobeico E, La Ferrara V, Ruvo M, Cutolo A, Cusano A. Microgel assisted Lab-on-Fiber Optrode. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14459. [PMID: 29089550 PMCID: PMC5663859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is continuously demanding for novel point of care systems, potentially exploitable also for in-vivo analysis. Biosensing probes based on Lab-On-Fiber Technology have been recently developed to meet these challenges. However, devices exploiting standard label-free approaches (based on ligand/target molecule interaction) suffer from low sensitivity in all cases where the detection of small molecules at low concentrations is needed. Here we report on a platform developed through the combination of Lab-On-Fiber probes with microgels, which are directly integrated onto the resonant plasmonic nanostructure realized on the fiber tip. In response to binding events, the microgel network concentrates the target molecule and amplifies the optical response, leading to remarkable sensitivity enhancement. Moreover, by acting on the microgel degrees of freedom such as concentration and operating temperature, it is possible to control the limit of detection, tune the working range as well as the response time of the probe. These unique characteristics pave the way for advanced label-free biosensing platforms, suitably reconfigurable depending on the specific application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aliberti
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Ricciardi
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - M Giaquinto
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Micco
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - E Bobeico
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - V La Ferrara
- ENEA, Portici Research Center, P.le E. Fermi 1, I-80055 Portici, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, I-80143, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Cutolo
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy
| | - A Cusano
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Engineering, University of Sannio, I-82100, Benevento, Italy.
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Tu T, Pang F, Zhu S, Cheng J, Liu H, Wen J, Wang T. Excitation of Bloch surface wave on tapered fiber coated with one-dimensional photonic crystal for refractive index sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:9019-9027. [PMID: 28437976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.009019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have theoretically and experimentally demonstrated a novel approach to excite Bloch surface wave (BSW) on tapered optical fibers, which are coated with one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) consisting of periodic TiO2 and Al2O3 by atomic layer deposition technology. Two resonant dips are found in transmission spectra that are originated from the excitation of BSW for p-polarized light and s-polarized light, respectively. For the first time, we have demonstrated the developed device for refractive index (RI) sensing.
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Kovalevich T, Boyer P, Suarez M, Salut R, Kim MS, Herzig HP, Bernal MP, Grosjean T. Polarization controlled directional propagation of Bloch surface wave. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:5710-5715. [PMID: 28380827 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.005710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bloch surface waves (BSWs) are recently developing alternative to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Due to dramatically enhanced propagation distance and strong field confinement these surface states can be successfully used in on-chip all-optical integrated devices of increased complexity. In this work we propose a highly miniaturized grating based BSW coupler which is gathering launching and directional switching functionalities in a single element. This device allows to control with polarization the propagation direction of Bloch surface waves at subwavelength scale, thus impacting a large panel of domains such as optical circuitry, function design, quantum optics, etc.
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