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Lee LCC, Lo KKW. Shining New Light on Biological Systems: Luminescent Transition Metal Complexes for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8825-9014. [PMID: 39052606 PMCID: PMC11328004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence imaging is a powerful and versatile technique for investigating cell physiology and pathology in living systems, making significant contributions to life science research and clinical diagnosis. In recent years, luminescent transition metal complexes have gained significant attention for diagnostic and therapeutic applications due to their unique photophysical and photochemical properties. In this Review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, with a focus on transition metal centers with a d6, d8, and d10 electronic configuration. We elucidate the structure-property relationships of luminescent transition metal complexes, exploring how their structural characteristics can be manipulated to control their biological behavior such as cellular uptake, localization, biocompatibility, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution. Furthermore, we introduce the various design strategies that leverage the interesting photophysical properties of luminescent transition metal complexes for a wide variety of biological applications, including autofluorescence-free imaging, multimodal imaging, organelle imaging, biological sensing, microenvironment monitoring, bioorthogonal labeling, bacterial imaging, and cell viability assessment. Finally, we provide insights into the challenges and perspectives of luminescent transition metal complexes for bioimaging and biosensing applications, as well as their use in disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Cho-Cheung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F, Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, New Territories, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Mayder DM, Christopherson CJ, Primrose WL, Lin ASM, Hudson ZM. Polymer dots and glassy organic dots using dibenzodipyridophenazine dyes as water-dispersible TADF probes for cellular imaging. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6496-6506. [PMID: 35979840 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging of living cells is key to better understanding cellular morphology and biological processes. Water-dispersible nanoparticles exhibiting thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) have recently emerged as useful probes for time-resolved fluorescence imaging (TRFI), circumventing interference from biological autofluorescence. Many existing approaches, however, require TADF dyes with specific structural features, precluding many high-performance TADF materials from being used in this application. Here, we describe the synthesis of two TADF emitters based on the rigid and strongly electron-withdrawing dibenzo[a,c]dipyrido[3,2-h:2'-3'-j]phenazine-12-yl (BPPZ) motif, and demonstrate two parallel approaches for the encapsulation of these fluorophores to yield water-dispersible nanoparticles suitable for TRFI. First, fluorescent polymer dots (Pdots) were formed by dye encapsulation within cell-penetrating amphiphilic copolymers. Glassy organic nanoparticles (g-Odots) were also prepared, giving nanoparticles with higher photoluminescence quantum yields and improved colour purity. Both approaches yielded nanoparticles suitable for imaging, with reasonable uptake and cytotoxicity on the timescale of standard imaging experiments using human cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines. This work demonstrates two flexible strategies for preparing water-dispersible TADF nanoparticles for TRFI, both of which should be readily adaptable to nearly any existing hydrophobic TADF dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don M Mayder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Cheyenne J Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - William L Primrose
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Angela S-M Lin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes for Biolabeling and Biosensing. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:35. [PMID: 35948820 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence emission with lifetime of submicroseconds to several microseconds at room temperature. Their synthetic versatility enables broad control of physical properties, such as charge and lipophilicity, as well as emission colors. These favorable properties have motivated the use of Ir(III) complexes in luminescent bioimaging applications. This review examines the recent progress in the development of phosphorescent biolabels and sensors based on Ir(III) complexes. It begins with a brief introduction about the basic principles of the syntheses and photophysical processes of cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes. Focus is placed on illustrating the broad imaging utility of Ir(III) complexes. Phosphorescent labels illuminating intracellular organelles, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and cell membranes, are summarized. Ir(III) complexes capable of visualization of tumor spheroids and parasites are also introduced. Facile chemical modification of the cyclometalating ligands endows the Ir(III) complexes with strong sensing ability. Sensors of temperature, pH, CO2, metal ions, anions, biosulfur species, reactive oxygen species, peptides, and viscosity have recently been added to the molecular imaging tools. This diverse utility demonstrates the potential of phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes toward bioimaging applications.
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Phosphorescence-based ratiometric probes: Design, preparation and applications in sensing, imaging and biomedicine therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li Y, Wu Y, Wu J, Lun W, Zeng H, Fan X. A near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for fast and time-resolved detection of cysteine and homocysteine. Analyst 2020; 145:2238-2244. [PMID: 32077868 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02469g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-containing amino acids, cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy), play crucial roles in the biosystem; their abnormal contents in the cells are linked to many diseases. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex-based probe (FNO1) that can detect Cys and Hcy in real-time in the biosystem. Due to the advantages of the iridium complex, the FNO1 probe had excellent chemical stability and photostability, high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime. In addition, the probe showed a fast response, high sensitivity, and low cytotoxicity. As verified by high resolution mass spectra (HR-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the detection was achieved through the addition of the α,β-unsaturated ketone group in FNO1 by the nucleophilic thiol group in Cys and Hcy. Through time-resolved emission spectroscopy (TRES) and in the presence of a strongly fluorescent dye rhodamine B, the FNO1 probe could detect Cys and Hcy due to its long luminescence lifetime (260/197 ns). Finally, owing to its NIR-emitting properties, the FNO1 probe was successfully applied in the imaging of Cys and Hcy in living cells, zebrafish, and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Weican Lun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China
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Li Y, Wu Y, Chen L, Zeng H, Chen X, Lun W, Fan X, Wong WY. A time-resolved near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for fast and highly specific peroxynitrite detection and bioimaging applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:7612-7618. [PMID: 31746928 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01673b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxynitrite (ONOO-), one of the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) found in vivo, plays crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes. The ability to selectively and sensitively determine ONOO-in vivo is important for the understanding of its biological roles. Thus, by utilizing the excellent chemical stability and photostability, high luminescence efficiency, and long luminescence lifetime of iridium complexes, we developed a novel near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex (FNO2) probe to detect ONOO- within seconds. The probe FNO2 showed better selectivity towards ONOO- over other interfering biomolecules, including O2- and ClO-. Moreover, it possessed a long luminescence lifetime, which enabled successful elimination of the interference from background fluorescence in vitro (simulated by Rhodamine B) in time-resolved emission spectra. Finally, in addition to its low cytotoxicity, the probe FNO2 showed emission wavelength in the NIR region and was able to specifically sense ONOO- induced in living cells and inflamed mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Yongquan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China. and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Luyan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Weican Lun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China. and The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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Kim T, Hong JI. Photoluminescence and Electrochemiluminescence Dual-Signaling Sensors for Selective Detection of Cysteine Based on Iridium(III) Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12616-12625. [PMID: 31460382 PMCID: PMC6682121 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine (Cys) is important in biosynthesis, detoxification, and metabolism. The selective detection of Cys over structurally similar homocysteine (Hcy) or glutathione (GSH) remains an immense challenge. Although there are many methods for detecting Cys, photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) techniques are well-suited for clinical diagnostics and analytical technology because of their high sensitivities. Herein, we report PL and ECL dual-channel sensors using cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes for the discrimination of Cys from Hcy and GSH. The sensors react with cysteine preferentially because of kinetic differences in intramolecular conjugate addition/cyclization, enabling phosphorescence enhancement and ECL decrease in the blue-shifted region. Sensor 1 shows ratiometric PL turn-on and ECL turn-off for Cys. In addition, unique ECL-enhancing behavior of sensor 1 toward GSH enables discrimination between Cys and GSH. Sensor 1 was successfully applied to the detection of Cys in human serum by the ECL method. We demonstrate the first case of a Cys-selective PL and ECL dual-channel chemodosimetric sensor based on cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes and expect that the rational design of efficient PL and ECL dual-channel sensors will be useful in diagnostic technology.
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Christopherson CJ, Hackett ZS, Sauvé ER, Paisley NR, Tonge CM, Mayder DM, Hudson ZM. Synthesis of phosphorescent iridium-containing acrylic monomers and their room-temperature polymerization by Cu(0)-RDRP. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheyenne J. Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zoë S. Hackett
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Ethan R. Sauvé
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Nathan R. Paisley
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher M. Tonge
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Don M. Mayder
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry; The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall; Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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9
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Iridium-based probe for luminescent nitric oxide monitoring in live cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12467. [PMID: 30127525 PMCID: PMC6102254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an intra- and extracellular messenger with important functions during human physiology process. A long-lived luminescent iridium(III) complex probe 1 has been designed and synthesized for the monitoring of NO controllably released from sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Probe 1 displayed a 15-fold switch-on luminescence in the presence of SNP at 580 nm. The probe exhibited a linear response towards SNP between 5 to 25 μM with detection limit at 0.18 μM. Importantly, the luminescent switch-on detection of NO in HeLa cells was demonstrated. Overall, complex 1 has the potential to be applied for NO tracing in complicated cellular environment.
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11
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Wu C, Li G, Han QB, Pei RJ, Liu JB, Ma DL, Leung CH. Real-time detection of oxalyl chloride based on a long-lived iridium(iii) probe. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:17074-17079. [PMID: 29188252 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of luminescent iridium(iii) complexes were designed and evaluated for their ability to detect oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) at ambient temperature. In the presence of (COCl)2, a double amidation reaction takes place at the diamino functionality of complex 1, leading to the switching-on of a long-lived red luminescence with a 9-fold enhanced emission. Complex 1 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity, with a detection limit for (COCl)2 at 32 nM. Additionally, complex 1 can be used to detect (COCl)2 using a simple smartphone, allowing for the portable and real-time monitoring of (COCl)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Quan-Bin Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ren-Jun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin-Biao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China. and School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Zhang KY, Yu Q, Wei H, Liu S, Zhao Q, Huang W. Long-Lived Emissive Probes for Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Bioimaging and Biosensing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1770-1839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huanjie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Shaanxi
Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
- Key
Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced
Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for
Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211800, P. R. China
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Zhao M, Pan Y, Wang X, Gao XW, Chao D. Nitroolefin-modified cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes for tunable detection of biothiols with deep-red emission. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Two nitroolefin-modified cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes were employed as turn-on probes for the rapid (1 min) detection of biothiols with tunable emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
| | - Yaping Pan
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xingbo Wang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- P. R. China
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- P. R. China
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Xu Y, Yang Q, Cao D, Liu Z, Zhao S, Guan R, Wang Y, Wu Q, Yu X. A novel silicon-oxygen aurone derivative assisted by graphene oxide as fluorescence chemosensor for fluoride anions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 182:37-41. [PMID: 28391072 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel silicon-oxygen aurone derivative TBDPSA was synthesized and used for the detection of fluoride anions in aqueous solution based on a specifically F--triggered silicon-oxygen cleavage. Even though the compound has shown high selectivity, obvious absorption and fluorescence response for fluoride anions in aqueous solution, but it also is suffered from many limits, such as low detection sensitivity and long response time. Here the compound was successfully assembled on the graphene oxide (GO) surface by π-π stacking. GO improves recognition sensitivity and shortens response time of TBDPSA for fluoride anions by taking advantage of the nanocarrier GO. Compared with TBDPSA, the response time of GO/TBDPSA is shortened greatly from 1h to <5s and the detection limit is lowered about four times with fluorescence as detected signal. Generally speaking, GO is an excellent promoter for accelerate recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiao Xu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Duxia Cao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Ruifang Guan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Xueying Yu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
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Wu Y, Zeng G, Lvyue N, Wu W, Jiang T, Wu R, Guo W, Li X, Fan X. Triethylene glycol-modified iridium(iii) complexes for fluorescence imaging of Schistosoma japonicum. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4973-4980. [PMID: 32264013 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00662d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, an infectious disease caused by the Schistosoma parasitic worm, presents a serious public health issue. To date, investigation of anti-Schistosomiasis drug mechanisms through fluorescence imaging remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate dyes as fluorescent probes. Phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes have been attracting substantial attention among various classes of fluorophores given their excellent photophysical properties. Herein, four phosphorescent Ir(iii) complexes were synthesized, two of which contained a triethylene glycol (TEG) hydrophilic group. The phosphorescent emission range of the four complexes lay between 500 and 750 nm, and their quantum yields ranged from 0.031 to 0.146. Furthermore, under the experimental concentration conditions, the TEG-modified complexes had low cytotoxicity. Cell fluorescence labeling experiments indicated that the TEG-modified complexes had good membrane permeability. Finally, the TEG-modified complexes showed remarkable labeling effects in adult Schistosoma fluorescence imaging. Thus, TEG-modified Ir(iii) complexes could be used as a new class of bilharzial fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P. R. China.
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Ma DL, Dong ZZ, Vellaisamy K, Cheung KM, Yang G, Leung CH. Luminescent Strategies for Label-Free G-Quadruplex-Based Enzyme Activity Sensing. CHEM REC 2017; 17:1135-1145. [PMID: 28467681 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By catalyzing highly specific and tightly controlled chemical reactions, enzymes are essential to maintaining normal cellular physiology. However, aberrant enzymatic activity can be linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, the unusual activity of particular enzymes can represent testable biomarkers for the diagnosis or screening of certain diseases. In recent years, G-quadruplex-based platforms have attracted wide attention for the monitoring of enzymatic activities. In this Personal Account, we discuss our group's works on the development of G-quadruplex-based sensing system for enzyme activities by using mainly iridium(III) complexes as luminescent label-free probes. These studies showcase the versatility of the G-quadruplex for developing assays for a variety of different enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhen-Zhen Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Ka-Man Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Guanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
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Benjamin H, Liang J, Liu Y, Geng Y, Liu X, Zhu D, Batsanov AS, Bryce MR. Color Tuning of Efficient Electroluminescence in the Blue and Green Regions Using Heteroleptic Iridium Complexes with 2-Phenoxyoxazole Ancillary Ligands. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Benjamin
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Jie Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Geng
- Key
Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of
Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingman Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of
Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Key
Laboratory of Nanobiosensing and Nanobioanalysis at Universities of
Jilin Province, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130024, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Martin R. Bryce
- Department
of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
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18
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Chen MH, Wang FX, Cao JJ, Tan CP, Ji LN, Mao ZW. Light-Up Mitophagy in Live Cells with Dual-Functional Theranostic Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:13304-13314. [PMID: 28345337 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are expected to be new multifunctional theranostic platforms that enable the integration of imaging capabilities and anticancer properties. Mitophagy is an important selective autophagic process that degrades dysfunctional mitochondria. Until now, the regulation of mitophagy is still poorly understood. Herein, we present two phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) that can accumulate in mitochondria and induce mitophagy. Because of their intrinsic phosphorescence, they can specially image mitochondria and track mitochondrial morphological alterations. Mechanism studies show that Ir1 and Ir2 induce mitophagy by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, depletion of cellular ATP, perturbation in mitochondrial metabolic status, and induction of oxidative stress. Moreover, no sign of apoptosis is observed in Ir1- and Ir2-treated cells under the same conditions that an obvious mitophagic response is initiated. We demonstrate that Ir1 is a promising theranostic agent that can induce mitophagy and visualize changes in mitochondrial morphology simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-He Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Ping Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Nian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zong-Wan Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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19
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Xiong L, Yang L, Luo S, Huang Y, Lu Z. Highly sensitive iridium(iii) complex-based phosphorescent probe for thiophenol detection. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13456-13462. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An iridium(iii) complex could serve as a highly sensitive, long-lifetime phosphorescence thiophenol probe, obtained through rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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20
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Wu Y, Wu R, Li H, Zeng H, Li Y, Wang Q, Shi M, Fan X. A near-infrared phosphorescent iridium(iii) complex for imaging of cysteine and homocysteine in living cells and in vivo. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09798k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel NIR-emitting iridium(iii) complex was developed to detect Cys/Hcy levels in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Renmiao Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Huifang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Hong Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yuanyan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Mei Shi
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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