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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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Magnetic Sublevel Independent Magic and Tune-Out Wavelengths of the Alkaline-Earth Ions. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Light shift in a state due to the applied laser in an atomic system vanishes at tune-out wavelengths (λTs). Similarly, differential light shift in a transition vanishes at the magic wavelengths (λmagics). In many of the earlier studies, values of the electric dipole (E1) matrix elements were inferred precisely by combining measurements and calculations of λmagic. Similarly, the λT values of an atomic state can be used to infer the E1 matrix element, as it involves dynamic electric dipole (α) values of only one state whereas the λmagic values require evaluation of α values for two states. However, both the λmagic and λT values depend on angular momenta and their magnetic components (M) of states. Here, we report the λmagic and λT values of many S1/2 and D3/2,5/2 states, and transitions among these states of the Mg+, Ca+, Sr+ and Ba+ ions that are independent of M values. It is possible to infer a large number of E1 matrix elements of the above ions accurately by measuring these values and combining with our calculations.
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Kao W, Li KY, Lin KY, Gopalakrishnan S, Lev BL. Topological pumping of a 1D dipolar gas into strongly correlated prethermal states. Science 2021; 371:296-300. [PMID: 33446558 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Long-lived excited states of interacting quantum systems that retain quantum correlations and evade thermalization are of great fundamental interest. We create nonthermal states in a bosonic one-dimensional (1D) quantum gas of dysprosium by stabilizing a super-Tonks-Girardeau gas against collapse and thermalization with repulsive long-range dipolar interactions. Stiffness and energy-per-particle measurements show that the system is dynamically stable regardless of contact interaction strength. This enables us to cycle contact interactions from weakly to strongly repulsive, then strongly attractive, and finally weakly attractive. We show that this cycle is an energy-space topological pump (caused by a quantum holonomy). Iterating this cycle offers an unexplored topological pumping method to create a hierarchy of increasingly excited prethermal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wil Kao
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kuan-Yu Li
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kuan-Yu Lin
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarang Gopalakrishnan
- Physics and Astronomy, CUNY College of Staten Island, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.,Physics Program and Initiative for Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Bause R, Li M, Schindewolf A, Chen XY, Duda M, Kotochigova S, Bloch I, Luo XY. Tune-Out and Magic Wavelengths for Ground-State ^{23}Na^{40}K Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:023201. [PMID: 32701321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile, state-dependent trapping scheme for the ground and first excited rotational states of ^{23}Na^{40}K molecules. Close to the rotational manifold of a narrow electronic transition, we determine tune-out frequencies where the polarizability of one state vanishes while the other remains finite, and a magic frequency where both states experience equal polarizability. The proximity of these frequencies of only 10 GHz allows for dynamic switching between different trap configurations in a single experiment, while still maintaining sufficiently low scattering rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bause
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Andreas Schindewolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
| | - Xing-Yan Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
| | - Marcel Duda
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
| | | | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 80799, Germany
| | - Xin-Yu Luo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Garching 85748, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, München 80799, Germany
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Heinz A, Park AJ, Šantić N, Trautmann J, Porsev SG, Safronova MS, Bloch I, Blatt S. State-Dependent Optical Lattices for the Strontium Optical Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:203201. [PMID: 32501054 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.203201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate state-dependent optical lattices for the Sr optical qubit at the tune-out wavelength for its ground state. We tightly trap excited state atoms while suppressing the effect of the lattice on ground state atoms by more than 4 orders of magnitude. This highly independent control over the qubit states removes inelastic excited state collisions as the main obstacle for quantum simulation and computation schemes based on the Sr optical qubit. Our results also reveal large discrepancies in the atomic data used to calibrate the largest systematic effect of Sr optical lattice clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heinz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - A J Park
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - N Šantić
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - J Trautmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S G Porsev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute of NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300, Russia
| | - M S Safronova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - I Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S Blatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
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