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Wu S, Xiao B, Jiang D, Xiao Y, Shao P, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Xiong P. Realizing Near Infrared Mechanoluminescence Switch in LAGO:Cr Based on Oxygen Vacancy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309034. [PMID: 38453687 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials are featured with the characteristic of "force to light" in response to external stimuli, which have made great progress in artificial intelligence and optical sensing. However, how to effectively enable ML in the material is a daunting challenge. Here, a Lu3Al2Ga3O12:Cr3+ (LAGO: Cr3+) near infrared (NIR) ML material peaked at 706 nm is reported, which successfully realizes the key to unlock ML by the lattice-engineering strategy Ga3+ substitution for Al3+ to "grow" oxygen vacancy (Ov) defects. Combined with thermoluminescence measurements, the observed ML is due to the formation of defect levels and the ML intensity is proportional to it. It is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance that such a process is dominated by Ov, which plays a crucial role in turning on ML in this compound. In addition, potential ML emissions from 4T2 and 2E level transitions are discussed from both experimental and theoretical aspects. This study reveals the mechanism of the change in ML behavior after cation substitution, and it may have important implications for the practical application of Ov defect-regulated turn-on of ML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Binli Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dongliang Jiang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529000, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Peishan Shao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhiyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yinzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Puxian Xiong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Jia C, Yu J, Hu Y, Wang X, Gao D. Deep-trap persistent materials for future rewriteable optical information storage. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19591-19605. [PMID: 38985463 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01547a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Deep-trap persistent luminescent (PersL) materials with enriched traps, which allow signals to quickly write-in and read-out with low-energy consumption, are one of the most promising materials for information storage. In this review, considering the demand for optical information storage, we provide comprehensive insights into the data storage mechanism of PersL materials. Particularly, we focus on various "trap-state tuning" strategies involving doping to design new deep-trap persistent phosphors with controlled carrier trapping-de-trapping for non-volatile and high-capacity information storage. Subsequently, various recent significant strategies, including wavelength-multiplexing, intensity-multiplexing, mechanical-multiplexing, and three-dimensional and multidimensional trap-multiplexing technologies for improving the information storage capacity of PersL phosphors are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities regarding optical information storage by PersL materials are discussed. We hope that this review will provide new insights for the future development of PersL materials in the field of optical data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Jia
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Jia Yu
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - YuanYuan Hu
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Physics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.
| | - Dangli Gao
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710055, China.
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Chen F, Jiang T, Zhai B, Liu Y, Yang X, Wang X, Ren F, Tu D, Ding T. Mechanoluminescence from an Ion-Irradiated Single Crystal of Lithium Niobium Oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5394-5398. [PMID: 35678737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a well-known phenomenon that has a wide range of applications in security monitoring, biomechanical sensing, and displays. Although several mechanisms relating to ML have been proposed, significant ambiguity persists due to the coexistence of crystal boundaries, luminescence centers, and defects within the samples, making them hard to disentangle. Here we preclude such ambiguity by using a Kr+-irradiated single crystal of lithium niobium oxide (LiNbO3) as the ML materials so that oxygen vacancies are retained to modulate the ML properties. We explore the ion concentration- and species-dependent ML properties along with the band calculations to explicitly reveal that it is the trapped electrons at the oxygen vacancies that are transferred to the conduction band under the piezopotentials of LiNbO3, which combine with holes in the valence band and emit photons. This in-depth understanding not only clarifies the long-standing obscurity of the ML mechanism but also paves a rational and scalable way for the design of advanced ML materials with superior performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Baoxing Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiuxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Zhu YF, Jiang T, Li L, Cheng LX, Zhang JC. Short-Term Non-Decaying Mechanoluminescence in Li 2MgGeO 4:Mn 2. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13061410. [PMID: 32244888 PMCID: PMC7143375 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Trap-controlled mechanoluminescent (ML) materials characterized by reproducible mechanoluminescence (ML) after irradiation recharging have shown attractive prospects in applications including stress distribution visualization, stress-driven light sources, and anti-counterfeiting. However, these materials generally suffer from the difficulty of achieving non-decaying ML when subjected to continuous mechanical stimulation. Herein, we develop a trap-controlled reproducible ML material, Li2MgGeO4:Mn2+, and report its short-term non-decaying ML behavior. Investigation of trap properties suggests that the unique non-decaying ML behavior should arise from the deep traps existing in Li2MgGeO4:Mn2+, which provide electron replenishment for shallow traps that release small numbers of electrons during short-term cyclic friction. Our results are expected to provide a reference for the ultimate achievement of long-term non-decaying ML in such materials.
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Wang Z, Pei P, Bai D, Zhao S, Ma X, Liu W. Multicolor luminescence and triple-mode emission of simple CaTiO3:Pr3+,Er3+ particles for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00462f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The multilevel anticounterfeiting QR code readily integrates the advantages of excitation wavelength-dependent PL emissions, a strong red afterglow and sensitive excitation power-dependent UCL emissions in one overall device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Pengxiang Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Dongjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Xinyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Weisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province and State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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Zhang JC, Pan C, Zhu YF, Zhao LZ, He HW, Liu X, Qiu J. Achieving Thermo-Mechano-Opto-Responsive Bitemporal Colorful Luminescence via Multiplexing of Dual Lanthanides in Piezoelectric Particles and its Multidimensional Anticounterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1804644. [PMID: 30284321 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical characteristics of luminescent materials, including emission color (wavelength), lifetime, and excitation mode, play crucial roles in data communication and information security. Conventional luminescent materials generally display unicolor, unitemporal, and unimodal (occasionally bimodal) emission, resulting in low-level readout and decoding. The development of multicolor, multitemporal, and multimodal luminescence in a single material has long been considered to be a significant challenge. In this study, for the first time, the superior integration of colorful (red-orange-yellow-green), bitemporal (fluorescent and delayed), and four-modal (thermo-/mechano-motivated and upconverted/downshifted) emissions in a particular piezoelectric particle via optical multiplexing of dual-lanthanide dopants is demonstrated. The as-prepared versatile NaNbO3 :Pr3+ ,Er3+ luminescent microparticles shown are particularly suitable for embedding into polymer films to achieve waterproof, flexible/wearable and highly stretchable features, and synchronously to provide multidimensional codes that can be visually read-out using simple and commonly available tools (including the LED of a smartphone, pen writing, cooling-heating stimuli, and ultraviolet/near-infrared lamps). These findings offer unique insight for designing highly integrated stimuli-responsive luminophors and smart devices toward a wide variety of applications, particularly advanced anticounterfeiting technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Cheng Zhang
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Cong Pan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhu
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li-Zhen Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Feng A, Smet APF. A Review of Mechanoluminescence in Inorganic Solids: Compounds, Mechanisms, Models and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E484. [PMID: 29570650 PMCID: PMC5951330 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanoluminescence (ML) is the non-thermal emission of light as a response to mechanical stimuli on a solid material. While this phenomenon has been observed for a long time when breaking certain materials, it is now being extensively explored, especially since the discovery of non-destructive ML upon elastic deformation. A great number of materials have already been identified as mechanoluminescent, but novel ones with colour tunability and improved sensitivity are still urgently needed. The physical origin of the phenomenon, which mainly involves the release of trapped carriers at defects with the help of stress, still remains unclear. This in turn hinders a deeper research, either theoretically or application oriented. In this review paper, we have tabulated the known ML compounds according to their structure prototypes based on the connectivity of anion polyhedra, highlighting structural features, such as framework distortion, layered structure, elastic anisotropy and microstructures, which are very relevant to the ML process. We then review the various proposed mechanisms and corresponding mathematical models. We comment on their contribution to a clearer understanding of the ML phenomenon and on the derived guidelines for improving properties of ML phosphors. Proven and potential applications of ML in various fields, such as stress field sensing, light sources, and sensing electric (magnetic) fields, are summarized. Finally, we point out the challenges and future directions in this active and emerging field of luminescence research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Feng
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB Photonics), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - And Philippe F Smet
- LumiLab, Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Nano- and Biophotonics (NB Photonics), Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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