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Wang G, Feng W. On-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor with a double-slot hybrid plasmonic waveguide for high-sensitivity hydrogen detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39500-39513. [PMID: 38041270 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
An on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) hydrogen sensor, applying a double-slot hybrid plasmonic (DSHP) waveguide composed of a Si waveguide and two Pd disks on both sides as the sensing arm, is designed. The optical confinement factor of the sensing area can be up to 87%. For the MZI hydrogen sensor with a DSHP waveguide of 14 µm, the sensitivity can be as high as 11.935 nm/%, corresponding to a free spectral range (FSR) of 15 nm. Furthermore, the sensor sensitivity is influenced by the MZI structure parameters, which is highly adjustable. The extinction ratio of the interference spectra can reach over 30 dB. A feasible solution is provided in this paper for highly sensitive hydrogen detection.
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2
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Hu J, Guan H, Liu X, Ren D, Zhao J. High-performance gas sensor with symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36228-36235. [PMID: 38017777 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance optical sensor with a vertical cavity structure comprising high-contrast gratings (HCGs) and a distributed Bragg reflector was designed. The structure has two peaks with different mechanisms, among which the first peak is formed by breaking the symmetry of the structure and coupling between the incident wave and the symmetric protection mode. The joint action of the HCG resonance and Fabry-Perot resonance formed a second peak. Moreover, changing the structural parameters, such as the grating width, period, and cavity length, can tune the spectral reflection dips. The sensitivity of the designed structure was as high as 674 nm/RIU, and the corresponding figure of merit was approximately 34741. The presented gas sensor provides a method for applying a vertical cavity structure to the sensing domain.
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3
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Kazanskiy NL, Khonina SN, Butt MA. A Review of Photonic Sensors Based on Ring Resonator Structures: Three Widely Used Platforms and Implications of Sensing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14051080. [PMID: 37241703 DOI: 10.3390/mi14051080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical ring resonators (RRs) are a novel sensing device that has recently been developed for several sensing applications. In this review, RR structures based on three widely explored platforms, namely silicon-on-insulator (SOI), polymers, and plasmonics, are reviewed. The adaptability of these platforms allows for compatibility with different fabrication processes and integration with other photonic components, providing flexibility in designing and implementing various photonic devices and systems. Optical RRs are typically small, making them suitable for integration into compact photonic circuits. Their compactness allows for high device density and integration with other optical components, enabling complex and multifunctional photonic systems. RR devices realized on the plasmonic platform are highly attractive, as they offer extremely high sensitivity and a small footprint. However, the biggest challenge to overcome is the high fabrication demand related to such nanoscale devices, which limits their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay L Kazanskiy
- Department of Technical Cybernetics, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Svetlana N Khonina
- Department of Technical Cybernetics, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Muhammad A Butt
- Department of Technical Cybernetics, Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
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4
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Irfan M, Khan Y, Rehman AU, Ullah N, Khonina SN, Kazanskiy NL, Butt MA. Plasmonic Perfect Absorber Utilizing Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Polymer for Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensing Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2629. [PMID: 37048923 PMCID: PMC10096377 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper a perfect absorber with a photonic crystal cavity (PhC-cavity) is numerically investigated for carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensing application. Metallic structures in the form of silver are introduced for harnessing plasmonic effects to achieve perfect absorption. The sensor comprises a PhC-cavity, silver (Ag) stripes, and a host functional material-Polyhexamethylene biguanide polymer-deposited on the surface of the sensor. The PhC-cavity is implemented within the middle of the cell, helping to penetrate the EM waves into the sublayers of the structure. Therefore, corresponding to the concentration of the CO2 gas, as it increases, the refractive index of the host material decreases, causing a blue shift in the resonant wavelength and vice versa of the device. The sensor is used for the detection of 0-524 parts per million (ppm) concentration of the CO2 gas, with a maximum sensitivity of 17.32 pm (pico meter)/ppm achieved for a concentration of 366 ppm with a figure of merit (FOM) of 2.9 RIU-1. The four-layer device presents a straightforward and compact design that can be adopted in various sensing applications by using suitable host functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Nanophotonics Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Yousuf Khan
- Nanophotonics Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Atiq Ur Rehman
- Nanophotonics Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Naqeeb Ullah
- Nanophotonics Research Group, Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Svetlana N. Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Nikolay L. Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia
- IPSI RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, 443001 Samara, Russia
| | - Muhammad A. Butt
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa, Poland
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5
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Voronkov GS, Aleksakina YV, Ivanov VV, Zakoyan AG, Stepanov IV, Grakhova EP, Butt MA, Kutluyarov RV. Enhancing the Performance of the Photonic Integrated Sensing System by Applying Frequency Interrogation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:193. [PMID: 36616103 PMCID: PMC9823297 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip systems are currently one of the most promising areas in the development of ultra-compact sensor systems, used primarily for gas and liquid analysis to determine the concentration of impurities. Integrated photonics is an ideal basis for designing "lab-on-a-chip" systems, advantageous for its compactness, energy efficiency, and low cost in mass production. This paper presents a solution for "lab-on-a-chip" device realization, consisting of a sensor and an interrogator based on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated photonics platform. The sensor function is performed by an all-pass microring resonator (MRR), installed as a notch filter in the feedback circuit of an optoelectronic oscillator based on an electro-optic phase modulator. This structure realizes the frequency interrogation of the sensor with high accuracy and speed using a conventional single-mode laser source. The system sensitivity for the considered gases is 13,000 GHz/RIU. The results show that the use of frequency interrogation makes it possible to increase the intrinsic LoD by five orders. The proposed solution opens an opportunity for fully integrated implementation of a photonic "laboratory-on-a-chip" unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigory S. Voronkov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Yana V. Aleksakina
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Ivanov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Aida G. Zakoyan
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Stepanov
- Ufa University of Science and Technology, 32, Z. Validi St., 450076 Ufa, Russia
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6
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Karawdeniya BI, Damry AM, Murugappan K, Manjunath S, Bandara YMNDY, Jackson CJ, Tricoli A, Neshev D. Surface Functionalization and Texturing of Optical Metasurfaces for Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14990-15030. [PMID: 35536016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces are planar metamaterials that can mediate highly precise light-matter interactions. Because of their unique optical properties, both plasmonic and dielectric metasurfaces have found common use in sensing applications, enabling label-free, nondestructive, and miniaturized sensors with ultralow limits of detection. However, because bare metasurfaces inherently lack target specificity, their applications have driven the development of surface modification techniques that provide selectivity. Both chemical functionalization and physical texturing methodologies can modify and enhance metasurface properties by selectively capturing analytes at the surface and altering the transduction of light-matter interactions into optical signals. This review summarizes recent advances in material-specific surface functionalization and texturing as applied to representative optical metasurfaces. We also present an overview of the underlying chemistry driving functionalization and texturing processes, including detailed directions for their broad implementation. Overall, this review provides a concise and centralized guide for the modification of metasurfaces with a focus toward sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddini I Karawdeniya
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Adam M Damry
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krishnan Murugappan
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Shridhar Manjunath
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Y M Nuwan D Y Bandara
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| | - Colin J Jackson
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Antonio Tricoli
- Research School of Chemistry, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
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7
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Wang J, Chew SX, Song S, Li L, Nguyen L, Yi X. On-chip simultaneous measurement of humidity and temperature using cascaded photonic crystal microring resonators with error correction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35608-35623. [PMID: 36258508 DOI: 10.1364/oe.466362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of cascaded silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal microring resonators (PhCMRRs) for dual-parameter sensing based on a multiple resonances multiple modes (MRMM) technique. Benefitting from the slow-light effect, the engineered PhCMRRs exhibit unique optical field distributions with different sensitivities via the excitation of dielectric and air modes. The multiple resonances of two distinct modes offer new possibilities for enriching the sensing receptors with additional information about environmental changes while preserving all essential properties of traditional microring resonator based sensors. As a proof of concept, we demonstrate the feasibility of extracting humidity and temperature responses simultaneously with a single spectrum measurement by employing polymethyl methacrylate as the hydrophilic coating, obtaining a relative humidity (RH) sensitivity of 3.36 pm/%RH, 5.57 pm/%RH and a temperature sensitivity of 85.9 pm/°C, 67.1 pm/°C for selected dielectric mode and air mode, respectively. Moreover, the MRMM enriched data further forges the capability to perform mutual cancellation of the measurement error, which improves the sensing performance reflected by the coefficient of determination (R2-value), calculated as 0.97 and 0.99 for RH and temperature sensing results, respectively.
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8
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Laplatine L, Fournier M, Gaignebet N, Hou Y, Mathey R, Herrier C, Liu J, Descloux D, Gautheron B, Livache T. Silicon photonic olfactory sensor based on an array of 64 biofunctionalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:33955-33968. [PMID: 36242419 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Silicon photonics can address a variety of applications, from datacom and biosensing to lidars. Recently, this technology has been explored for gas sensing. Detection and identification of odors remains a critical challenge in diverse areas such as air quality, food spoilage, or personal well-being. In this work, we present an olfactory sensor based on an array of 64 biofunctionalized Mach-Zehnder interferometers integrated on a silicon nitride platform. The ability to analyze odors at ppm level is demonstrated for several volatile organic compounds.
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9
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Lai H, Kuo TN, Xu JY, Hsu SH, Hsu YC. Sensitivity Enhancement of Group Refractive Index Biosensor through Ring-Down Interferograms of Microring Resonator. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:922. [PMID: 35744536 PMCID: PMC9230050 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, silicon-on-insulator substrates have been utilized for high-speed and low-power electronic components. Because of the high refractive index contrast of the silicon wire, its photonic device footprint can be significantly reduced. Moreover, the silicon photonic process is compatible with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication, which will benefit the high-density optoelectronic integrated circuits development. Researchers have recently proposed using the microring resonator (MRR) for label-free biosensing applications. The high-quality factor caused by the substantial electric field enhancement within the ring makes the MRR a good candidate for biomolecule detection under low analyte concentration conditions. This paper proposes an MRR chip to be a biosensor on the silicon platform through the relative displacement between the spatial ring-down interferograms at various cladding layers. The higher-order ring-down of the spatial interference wave packet will enhance the biosensing sensitivity after optimizing the coupling, MRR length, and the optical source bandwidth at the fixed optical waveguide loss. Finally, a typical sensitivity of 642,000 nm per refractive index unit is demonstrated under 0.1 μW minimum optical power detection for an MRR with a 100 μm radius. Higher sensitivity can be executed by a narrow bandwidth and lower silicon wire propagation loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Lai
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.L.); (T.-N.K.); (J.-Y.X.)
| | - Tzu-Ning Kuo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.L.); (T.-N.K.); (J.-Y.X.)
| | - Jia-Yi Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.L.); (T.-N.K.); (J.-Y.X.)
| | - Shih-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (H.L.); (T.-N.K.); (J.-Y.X.)
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Rd., Neipu 91201, Pingtung, Taiwan
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10
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Compact Gas Sensor Using Silicon-on-Insulator Loop-Terminated Mach–Zehnder Interferometer. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a compact optical gas sensor based on the widespread silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, operating in the near-infrared (NIR) region around the 1.55 µm wavelength. The sensor employs a loop-terminated Mach–Zehnder interferometer (LT-MZI) with a slot waveguide and a strip waveguide for the sensing arm and the reference arm, respectively. For the same arm length, the LT-MZI can achieve a detection limit two times lower than that of the conventional MZI. Different sensor components were designed, and the optimum dimensions were obtained using finite-difference eigenmode (FDE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) solvers. With a sensing arm length of only 150 μm, our sensor achieves a device sensitivity of 1070 nm/RIU and a figure-of-merit (FOM) as high as 280.8 RIU−1 at the 1.55 μm wavelength. Higher values of FOM can be attained by employing a longer sensing arm. The whole sensor is subjected to air cladding; thus, there is no need for oxide deposition and a further lithography step for sensing-area patterning. The sensor is well suited for low-cost fabrication and large-scale production. Finally, the same LT-MZI device with strip and slot arms but with oxide cladding was fabricated and characterized. The measurements were in good agreement with the electromagnetic (EM) simulation results, ensuring the reliability of our proposed design.
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Khonina SN, Kazanskiy NL, Butt MA, Kaźmierczak A, Piramidowicz R. Plasmonic sensor based on metal-insulator-metal waveguide square ring cavity filled with functional material for the detection of CO 2 gas. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:16584-16594. [PMID: 34154218 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a straightforward and highly sensitive design of a CO2 gas sensor is numerically investigated using the finite element method. The sensor is based on a plasmonic metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide side coupled to a square ring cavity filled with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) functional material. The refractive index of the functional material changes when exposed to the CO2 and that change is linearly proportional to the concentration of the gas. The sensors based on surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves are highly sensitive due to the strong interaction of the electromagnetic wave with the matter. By utilizing PHMB polymer in the MIM waveguide plasmonic sensor provides a platform that offers the highest sensitivity of 135.95 pm/ppm which cannot be obtained via optical sensors based on silicon photonics. The sensitivity reported in this work is ∼7 times higher than reported in the previous works. Therefore, we believe that the results presented in this paper are exceedingly beneficial for the realization of the sensors for the detection of toxic gases by employing different functional materials.
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12
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Lemieux-Leduc C, Guertin R, Bianki MA, Peter YA. All-polymer whispering gallery mode resonators for gas sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8685-8697. [PMID: 33820311 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity of polymeric microdisks is evaluated for selected compounds in their vapor phase such as humidity, isopropanol, toluene, limonene, 1-butanol, and pentanoic acid (valeric acid). Among these compounds, pentanoic acid exhibits the highest sensitivity (23 pm/ppm) with a limit of detection estimated to be around 0.6 ppm. We are interested in the contribution of the geometry deformation due to polymer swelling on the sensitivity as it may be engineered to improve performance of gas sensing devices. Experimental observations show a trend where sensitivity to humidity increased with the ratio of the undercut over the radius of the microcavity.
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13
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Kazanskiy NL, Butt MA, Khonina SN. Carbon Dioxide Gas Sensor Based on Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Polymer Deposited on Silicon Nano-Cylinders Metasurface. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:E378. [PMID: 33430512 PMCID: PMC7827250 DOI: 10.3390/s21020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have numerically investigated a metasurface based perfect absorber design, established on the impedance matching phenomena. The paper comprises of two parts. In the first part, the device performance of the perfect absorber-which is composed of silicon nano-cylindrical meta-atoms, periodically arranged on a thin gold layer-is studied. The device design is unique and works for both x-oriented and y-oriented polarized light, in addition to being independent of the angle of incidence. In the second part of the paper, a CO2 gas sensing application is explored by depositing a thin layer of functional host material-a polyhexamethylene biguanide polymer-on the metasurface. The refractive index of the host material decreases due to the absorption of the CO2 gas. As a result, the resonance wavelength of the perfect absorber performs a prominent blueshift. With the help of the proposed sensor design, based on metasurface, the CO2 gas concentration range of 0-524 ppm was detected. A maximum sensitivity of 17.3 pm/ppm was acquired for a gas concentration of 434 ppm. The study presented in this work explores the opportunity of utilizing the metasurface perfect absorber for gas sensing applications by employing functional host materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Lvovich Kazanskiy
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- Institute of RAS-Branch of the FSRC Crystallography and Photonics RAS, 443086 Samara, Russia
| | - Muhammad Ali Butt
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Svetlana Nikolaevna Khonina
- Samara National Research University, 443086 Samara, Russia; (N.L.K.); (S.N.K.)
- Institute of RAS-Branch of the FSRC Crystallography and Photonics RAS, 443086 Samara, Russia
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14
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Yin S, Wang X, Wang Z, Xiao S, Guan X. Silicon Photonic Polarization Multiplexing Sensor with Both Large Range and High Resolution. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20205870. [PMID: 33081374 PMCID: PMC7589641 DOI: 10.3390/s20205870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A silicon photonic polarization multiplexing (PM) sensor featuring both a large range and a high resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor includes a Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonator and a microring resonator (MRR) functioning as the sensing parts. With PM technology, the FP resonator only works on the transverse-electric mode while the MRR only on the transverse-magnetic mode. Thus, the proposed sensor can simultaneously achieve a large range with a short FP resonator and a high resolution with a high-Q MRR. Measured results show a range of 113 °C and a resolution of 0.06 °C for temperature sensing, and a range of 0.58 RIU (refractive index unit) with the resolution of 0.002 RIU for analyte refractive index sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Yin
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (S.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Institute for Future, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Zhibin Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; (S.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Sanshui Xiao
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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15
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Cheriton R, Sivanandam S, Densmore A, Mooij ED, Melati D, Dezfouli MK, Cheben P, Xu D, Schmid JH, Lapointe J, Ma R, Wang S, Simard L, Janz S. Spectrum-free integrated photonic remote molecular identification and sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27951-27965. [PMID: 32988077 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy is widely used in sensing and astronomy to understand remote molecular compositions. However, dispersive techniques require multichannel detection, reducing detection sensitivity while increasing instrument cost when compared to spectrophotometric methods. We present a novel non-dispersive infrared molecular detection and identification scheme that performs spectral correlation optically using a specially tailored integrated silicon ring resonator. We show experimentally that the correlation amplitude is proportional to the number of overlapping ring resonances and gas lines, and that molecular specificity can be achieved from the phase of the correlation signal. This strategy can enable on-chip detection of extremely faint remote spectral signatures.
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16
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Peng ZD, Yu CQ, Ren HL, Zou CL, Guo GC, Dong CH. Gas identification in high-Q microbubble resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4440-4443. [PMID: 32796978 DOI: 10.1364/ol.400381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental mechanism is reported to realize the identification of gas by a microcavity sensor. Instead of measuring the change in the environment refractive index or absorption, the gas is detected indirectly and indentified by using the thermo-optics effect of a high-quality-factor microbubble resonator. When passing gas through the microbubble, the pressure induces a geometric deformation and thus an observable frequency shift, and the thermal bistability response varies due to the higher heat dissipation by gas molecules. With the two output parameters, we can unambiguously distinguish gas with different molecular weights, e.g., He, N2, and CO2. Our demonstration opens a new avenue of microcavity sensing by using indirect interaction between light and matter, realizing a multiple-parameter sensing approach for gas or solvent identification.
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Bera A, Das T, Sadhukhan D, Singha Roy S, Sen De A, Sen U. Quantum discord and its allies: a review of recent progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:024001. [PMID: 28824014 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review concepts and methods associated with quantum discord and related topics. We also describe their possible connections with other aspects of quantum information and beyond, including quantum communication, quantum computation, many-body physics, and open quantum dynamics. Quantum discord in the multiparty regime and its applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bera
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700 009, India. Harish-Chandra Research Institute, HBNI, Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Allahabad 211019, India
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