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Taguchi T, Minami T, Hihara T, Nikaido F, Asai T, Sakai K, Abe Y, Yogo A, Arikawa Y, Kohri H, Tokiyasu AO, Chu CM, Woon WY, Kodaira S, Kanasaki M, Fukuda Y, Kuramitsu Y. Automation of etch pit analyses on solid-state nuclear track detectors with machine learning for laser-driven ion acceleration. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:033301. [PMID: 38436451 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs) are often used as ion detectors in laser-driven ion acceleration experiments and are considered to be the most reliable ion diagnostics since they are sensitive only to ions and measure ions one by one. However, ion pit analyses require tremendous time and effort in chemical etching, microscope scanning, and ion pit identification by eyes. From a laser-driven ion acceleration experiment, there are typically millions of microscopic images, and it is practically impossible to analyze all of them by hand. This research aims to improve the efficiency and automation of SSNTD analyses for laser-driven ion acceleration. We use two sets of data obtained from calibration experiments with a conventional accelerator where ions with known nuclides and energies are generated and from actual laser experiments using SSNTDs. After chemical etching and scanning the SSNTDs with an optical microscope, we use machine learning to distinguish the ion etch pits from noises. From the results of the calibration experiment, we confirm highly accurate etch-pit detection with machine learning. We are also able to detect etch pits with machine learning from the laser-driven ion acceleration experiment, which is much noisier than calibration experiments. By using machine learning, we successfully identify ion etch pits ∼105 from more than 10 000 microscopic images with a precision of ≳95%. A million microscopic images can be examined with a recent entry-level computer within a day with high precision. Machine learning tremendously reduces the time consumption on ion etch pit analyses detected on SSNTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taguchi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - T Hihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - F Nikaido
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Asai
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshicho, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - A Yogo
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Arikawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - H Kohri
- Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, 10-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - A O Tokiyasu
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University, 1-2-1 Mikamine, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0826, Japan
| | - C M Chu
- Department of Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - W Y Woon
- Department of Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - S Kodaira
- Institute for Radiological Science (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - M Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Y Fukuda
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Jinno S, Kanasaki M, Asai T, Matsui R, Pirozhkov AS, Ogura K, Sagisaka A, Miyasaka Y, Nakanii N, Kando M, Kitagawa N, Morishima K, Kodaira S, Kishimoto Y, Yamauchi T, Uesaka M, Kiriyama H, Fukuda Y. Laser-driven multi-MeV high-purity proton acceleration via anisotropic ambipolar expansion of micron-scale hydrogen clusters. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16753. [PMID: 36224197 PMCID: PMC9556756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-MeV high-purity proton acceleration by using a hydrogen cluster target irradiated with repetitive, relativistic intensity laser pulses has been demonstrated. Statistical analysis of hundreds of data sets highlights the existence of markedly high energy protons produced from the laser-irradiated clusters with micron-scale diameters. The spatial distribution of the accelerated protons is found to be anisotropic, where the higher energy protons are preferentially accelerated along the laser propagation direction due to the relativistic effect. These features are supported by three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which show that directional, higher energy protons are generated via the anisotropic ambipolar expansion of the micron-scale clusters. The number of protons accelerating along the laser propagation direction is found to be as high as 1.6 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm \,{0.3}$$\end{document}±0.3\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$^9$$\end{document}9/MeV/sr/shot with an energy of 2.8 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm \,{1.9}$$\end{document}±1.9 MeV, indicating that laser-driven proton acceleration using the micron-scale hydrogen clusters is promising as a compact, repetitive, multi-MeV high-purity proton source for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Jinno
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1188, Japan.,Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), 959-31, Jorinji, Izumi-cho, Toki, Gifu, 509-5102, Japan
| | - Masato Kanasaki
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminamimachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Takafumi Asai
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminamimachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Matsui
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Non-linear / Non-Equilibrium Plasma Science Research UNIT, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Alexander S Pirozhkov
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogura
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Akito Sagisaka
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Miyasaka
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Masaki Kando
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | | | | | - Satoshi Kodaira
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Chiba, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Non-linear / Non-Equilibrium Plasma Science Research UNIT, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminamimachi, Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo, 658-0022, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Uesaka
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 2-22 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1188, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Kiriyama
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan.
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Abstract
Ultra-high intensity femtosecond lasers have now become excellent scientific tools for the study of extreme material states in small-scale laboratory settings. The invention of chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) combined with titanium-doped sapphire (Ti:sapphire) crystals have enabled realization of such lasers. The pursuit of ultra-high intensity science and applications is driving worldwide development of new capabilities. A petawatt (PW = 1015 W), femtosecond (fs = 10−15 s), repetitive (0.1 Hz), high beam quality J-KAREN-P (Japan Kansai Advanced Relativistic ENgineering Petawatt) Ti:sapphire CPA laser has been recently constructed and used for accelerating charged particles (ions and electrons) and generating coherent and incoherent ultra-short-pulse, high-energy photon (X-ray) radiation. Ultra-high intensities of 1022 W/cm2 with high temporal contrast of 10−12 and a minimal number of pre-pulses on target has been demonstrated with the J-KAREN-P laser. Here, worldwide ultra-high intensity laser development is summarized, the output performance and spatiotemporal quality improvement of the J-KAREN-P laser are described, and some experimental results are briefly introduced.
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Grieser S, Aurand B, Aktan E, Bonaventura D, Büscher M, Cerchez M, Engin I, Leßmann L, Mannweiler C, Prasad R, Willi O, Khoukaz A. Nm-sized cryogenic hydrogen clusters for a laser-driven proton source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:043301. [PMID: 31042983 DOI: 10.1063/1.5080011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A cryogenic hydrogen cluster-jet target is described which has been used for laser-plasma interaction studies. Major advantages of the cluster-jet are, on the one hand, the compatibility to pulsed high repetition lasers as the target is operated continuously and, on the other hand, the absence of target debris. The cluster-jet target was characterized using the Mie-scattering technique allowing to determine the cluster size and to compare the measurements with an empirical formula. In addition, an estimation of the cluster beam density was performed. The system was implemented at the high power laser system ARCTURUS, and the measurements show the acceleration of protons after irradiation of the cluster target by high intensity laser pulses with a repetition rate of 5 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Grieser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - B Aurand
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - E Aktan
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - D Bonaventura
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Büscher
- Peter Grünberg Institut, PGI-6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Cerchez
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - I Engin
- Peter Grünberg Institut, PGI-6, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - L Leßmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Mannweiler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Prasad
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O Willi
- Institut für Laser- und Plasmaphysik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Khoukaz
- Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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5
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Matsui R, Fukuda Y, Kishimoto Y. Quasimonoenergetic Proton Bunch Acceleration Driven by Hemispherically Converging Collisionless Shock in a Hydrogen Cluster Coupled with Relativistically Induced Transparency. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:014804. [PMID: 31012641 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.014804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An approach for accelerating a quasimonoenergetic proton bunch via a hemispherically converging collisionless shock created in laser-cluster interactions at the relativistically induced transparency (RIT) regime is studied using three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. By the action of focusing a petawatt class laser pulse onto a micron-size spherical hydrogen cluster, a crescent-shaped collisionless shock is launched at the laser-irradiated hemisphere and propagates inward. The shock converges at the sphere center in concurrence with the onset of the RIT, thereby allowing the proton bunch to be pushed out from the shock surface in the laser propagation direction. The proton bunch experiences further acceleration both inside and outside of the cluster to finally exhibit a quasimonoenergetic spectral peak around 300 MeV while maintaining a narrow energy spread (∼10%) and a small half-divergence angle (∼5°) via the effect of the RIT. This mechanism works for finite ranges of parameters with threshold values concerning the laser peak intensity and the cluster radius, resulting from the synchronization of the multiple processes in a self-consistent manner. The present scheme utilizing the internal and external degrees of freedom ascribed to the spherical cluster leads to the proton bunch alternative to the plain target, which allows the operation with a high repetition rate and impurity free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Matsui
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yuji Fukuda
- Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Kishimoto
- Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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