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Jafari B, Gholizadeh E. Multifunctional graphene-based optoelectronic structure based on a Fabry-Perot cavity enhanced by a metallic nanoantenna. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:10658-10668. [PMID: 36606924 DOI: 10.1364/ao.471989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optical communications systems are continuously miniaturized to integrate several previously separate optoelectronic devices, organized with silicon-based incorporated circuits, onto a distinct substrate. Modulators and photodetectors have essential roles in photonic systems and operate with different mechanisms. Integrating them into one device is complex and challenging, but these multifunctional devices have numerous advantages. This article uses a graphene/hBN-based structure to modulate, detect, and absorb any signal with the desired frequency in the THz range. The proposed system comprises one unpatterned graphene sheet embedded in bulk hBN with the periodic gold/palladium nanostructure beneath and below it. The perfect absorption, a modulation depth of 100%, and photodetection of more than 20 A/W at any desired frequency can be verified.
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Vafapour Z. Cost-Effective Bull's Eye Aperture-Style Multi-Band Metamaterial Absorber at Sub-THz Band: Design, Numerical Analysis, and Physical Interpretation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2892. [PMID: 35458876 PMCID: PMC9029594 DOI: 10.3390/s22082892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and numerical studies were conducted on plasmonic interactions at a polarization-independent semiconductor-dielectric-semiconductor (SDS) sandwiched layer design and a brief review of the basic theory model was presented. The potential of bull's eye aperture (BEA) structures as device elements has been well recognized in multi-band structures. In addition, the sub-terahertz (THz) band (below 1 THz frequency regime) is utilized in communications and sensing applications, which are in high demand in modern technology. Therefore, we produced theoretical and numerical studies for a THz-absorbing-metasurface BEA-style design, with N-beam absorption peaks at a sub-THz band, using economical and commercially accessible materials, which have a low cost and an easy fabrication process. Furthermore, we applied the Drude model for the dielectric function of semiconductors due to its ability to describe both free-electron and bound systems simultaneously. Associated with metasurface research and applications, it is essential to facilitate metasurface designs to be of the utmost flexible properties with low cost. Through the aid of electromagnetic (EM) coupling using multiple semiconductor ring resonators (RRs), we could tune the number of absorption peaks between the 0.1 and 1.0 THz frequency regime. By increasing the number of semiconductor rings without altering all other parameters, we found a translation trend of the absorption frequencies. In addition, we validated our spectral response results using EM field distributions and surface currents. Here, we mainly discuss the source of the N-band THz absorber and the underlying physics of the multi-beam absorber designed structures. The proposed microstructure has ultra-high potentials to utilize in high-power THz sources and optical biomedical sensing and detection applications based on opto-electronics technology based on having multi-band absorption responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Vafapour
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; or or
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
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3
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Multi-Channel High-Performance Absorber Based on SiC-Photonic Crystal Heterostructure-SiC Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020289. [PMID: 35055306 PMCID: PMC8778550 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The multi-channel high-efficiency absorber in the mid-infrared band has broad application prospects. Here, we propose an SiC-photonic crystal (PhC) heterostructure-SiC structure to realize the absorber. The absorption characteristics of the structure are studied theoretically. The results show that the structure can achieve high-efficiency multi-channel absorption in the mid-infrared range. The absorption peaks come from the coupling of the dual Tamm phonon polariton (TPhP) mode formed at the interface between the two SiC layers and the photonic crystal, and the optical Tamm state (OTS) mode formed in the PhC heterostructure. By adjusting the thickness of the air dielectric layer and the period of the PhC in the heterostructure, the mode coupling intensity can be regulated; thereby, the position and intensity of the absorption peak can be adjusted. In addition, the absorption peaks of TE and TM polarized light can be controlled by changing the incident angle. Adjusting the incident angle can also control the excitation and intensity of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) phonon polariton mode produced by TM polarized light. This kind of light absorber may have potential applications in sensors, filters, modulators, switches, thermal radiators, and so on.
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4
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The Light Absorption Enhancement in Graphene Monolayer Resulting from the Diffraction Coupling of Surface Plasmon Polariton Resonance. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020216. [PMID: 35055234 PMCID: PMC8777638 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate a physical mechanism to improve the light absorption efficiency of graphene monolayer from the universal value of 2.3% to about 30% in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range. The physical mechanism is based on the diffraction coupling of surface plasmon polariton resonances in the periodic array of metal nanoparticles. Through the physical mechanism, the electric fields on the surface of graphene monolayer are considerably enhanced. Therefore, the light absorption efficiency of graphene monolayer is greatly improved. To further confirm the physical mechanism, we use an interaction model of double oscillators to explain the positions of the absorption peaks for different array periods. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the emerging conditions of the diffraction coupling of surface plasmon polariton resonances. The results will be beneficial for the design of graphene-based photoelectric devices.
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5
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Chan MC, Chen YC, Shiue BH, Tsai TI, Chen CD, Tseng WS. Correlation between the optical absorption and twisted angle of bilayer graphene observed by high-resolution reflectance confocal laser microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40481-40493. [PMID: 34809387 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of the optical absorption of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) across a large range of twist angles from 0° to 30° using a high-resolution reflectance confocal laser microscopy (RCLM) system. The high-quality single crystalline tBLG was synthesized via the efficient plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition techniques without the need of active heating. The sensitivity of acquired images from the RCLM were better than conventional optical microscopes. Although the highest spatial resolution of RCLM is still lower than scanning electron microscopes, it possesses the advantages of beam-damage and vacuum free. Moreover, the high intensity-resolution (sensitivity) images firstly allowed us to distinguish the slight absorption differences and analyze the correlation between the optical absorption and twisted angle of tBLG after data processing procedures. A maximum absorption (minimum transmission) was observed at the stacking angle of tBLG from 10° to 20°, indicating the interplay between the laser and the electron/hole van-Hove singularities when tBLG oriented around the critical angle (θc∼13°). The twisted angle correlated optical absorption paves an alternative way not only to visibly identify the interlayer orientation of tBLG but also to reflect the characterization of the interlayer coupling via its band structure.
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6
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Zhang K, Xia F, Li S, Liu Y, Kong W. Actively tunable multi-band terahertz perfect absorber due to the hybrid strong coupling in the multilayer structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28619-28630. [PMID: 34614988 DOI: 10.1364/oe.434714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose a multi-band terahertz perfect absorber employing the topological photonic crystal combined with VO2 and graphene. The hybrid strong coupling among the topological photonic state, the Tamm plasmon polaritons excited around the interfaces of VO2 and graphene results in the three perfect absorption bands. Benefiting from the reversible insulator-metal phase transition of VO2 and the tunable Fermi level of graphene, it can actively switch among no absorption, single-band, dual-band and multi-band absorptions around 1THz, with the absorption frequencies tunable as well. Besides, the absorption bands are sensitive to the incident angle in almost the same dispersion rate, with high absorptions in a large angle range. Moreover, the splitting frequencies between the adjacent absorption peaks strongly depend on the pair number of the alternating multilayers. Apart from the three absorption bands, there are still many absorption peaks in the large frequency range resulting from the standing waves, including other 7 peaks above 0.9 between 0.83THz and 1.55THz. Such a tunable multi-band absorber with multiple modulation methods may find extended applications in active integrated terahertz devices.
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7
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Fabry-Perot Resonance in 2D Dielectric Grating for Figure of Merit Enhancement in Refractive Index Sensing. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21154958. [PMID: 34372195 PMCID: PMC8348604 DOI: 10.3390/s21154958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have recently reported in our previous work that one-dimensional dielectric grating can provide an open structure for Fabry–Perot mode excitation. The grating gaps allow the sample refractive index to fill up the grating spaces enabling the sample to perturb the Fabry–Perot mode resonant condition. Thus, the grating structure can be utilized as a refractive index sensor and provides convenient sample access from the open end of the grating with an enhanced figure of merit compared to the other thin-film technologies. Here, we demonstrate that 2D grating structures, such as rectangular pillars and circular pillars, can further enhance refractive index sensing performance. The refractive index theory for rectangular pillars and circular pillars are proposed and validated with rigorous coupled wave theory. An effective refractive index theory is proposed to simplify the 2D grating computation and accurately predict the Fabry–Perot mode positions. The 2D gratings have more grating space leading to a higher resonant condition perturbation and sensitivity. They also provide narrower Fabry–Perot mode reflectance dips leading to a 4.5 times figure of merit enhancement than the Fabry–Perot modes excited in the 1D grating. The performance comparison for thin-film technologies for refractive index sensing is also presented and discussed.
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Pan J, Hu H, Li Z, Mu J, Cai Y, Zhu H. Recent progress in two-dimensional materials for terahertz protection. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1515-1531. [PMID: 36132557 PMCID: PMC9419147 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the wide applications of terahertz (THz) devices in future communication technology, THz protection materials are essential to overcome potential threats. Recently, THz metamaterials (MMs) based on two-dimensional (2D) materials (e.g., graphene, MXenes) have been extensively investigated due to their unique THz response properties. In this review, THz protection theories are briefly presented first, including reflection loss and shielding mechanisms. Then, the research progress of graphene and other 2D material-based THz MMs and intrinsic materials are reviewed. MMs absorbers in the forms of single layer, multiple layers, hybrid and tunable metasurfaces show excellent THz absorbing performance. These studies provide a sufficient theoretical and practical basis for THz protection, and superior properties promised the wide application prospects of 2D MMs. Three-dimensional intrinsic THz absorbing materials based on porous and ordered 2D materials also show exceptional THz protection performance and effectively integrate the advantages of intrinsic properties and the structural characteristics of 2D materials. These special structures can optimize the surface impedance matching and enable multiple THz scatterings and electric transmission loss, which can realize high-efficiency absorption loss and active controllable protection performance in ultra-wide THz wavebands. Finally, the advantages and existing problems of current THz protection materials are summarized, and their possible future development and applications are prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Pan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi Wuxi 214035 Jiangsu China
| | - Haowen Hu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zechen Li
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jingyang Mu
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi Wuxi 214035 Jiangsu China
| | - Yunxiang Cai
- The First Scientific Research Institute of Wuxi Wuxi 214035 Jiangsu China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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9
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Li H, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qin M, Xia S, Wang L. Investigation of acoustic plasmons in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures for multiband coherent perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37577-37589. [PMID: 33379590 DOI: 10.1364/oe.411795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent absorption, as the time-reversed counterpart to laser, has been widely proposed recently to flexibly modulate light-matter interactions in two-dimensional materials. However, the multiband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in atomically thin materials still has been elusive. We exploit the multiband CPA in vertically stacked metal/dielectric/graphene heterostructures via ultraconfined acoustic plasmons which can reduce the photon wavelength by a factor of about 70 and thus enable multiple-order resonances on a graphene ribbon of finite width. Under the illumination of two counter-propagating coherent beams, the two-stage coupling scheme is used for exciting multispectral acoustic plasmon resonances on the heterostructure simultaneously, thereby contributing to the ultimate multiband CPA in the mid-infrared region. The strong dependence of the nearly linear dispersion of acoustic plasmons on the chemical potential in graphene and the separation between the metal and the graphene allows the tunability in spectral positions of absorption peaks. Intriguingly, the absorption of each resonant peak is continuously tuned by varying the relative amplitude of two counter-propagating beams, and even their phase difference, respectively. The maximum modulation depth of 4.46*105 is observed. The scattering matrix is employed to demonstrate the principle of CPA and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations are used for elucidating the flexible tunability. More importantly, the multiband coherent absorber is robust to the incident angle, and thus undoubtedly benefits extensive applications on optoelectronic and engineering technology areas for modulators and optical switches.
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10
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Dynamic Absorption Enhancement and Equivalent Resonant Circuit Modeling of Tunable Graphene-Metal Hybrid Antenna. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20113187. [PMID: 32512718 PMCID: PMC7308850 DOI: 10.3390/s20113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic antennas are attractive optical components of the optoelectronic devices, operating in the far-infrared regime for sensing and imaging applications. However, low optical absorption hinders its potential applications, and their performance is limited due to fixed resonance frequency. In this article, a novel gate tunable graphene-metal hybrid plasmonic antenna with stacking configuration is proposed and investigated to achieve tunable performance over a broad range of frequencies with enhanced absorption characteristics. The hybrid graphene-metal antenna geometry is built up with a hexagon radiator that is supported by the Al2O3 insulator layer and graphene reflector. This stacked structure is deposited in the high resistive Si wafer substrate, and the hexagon radiator itself is a sandwich structure, which is composed of gold hexagon structure and two multilayer graphene stacks. The proposed antenna characteristics i.e., tunability of frequency, the efficiency corresponding to characteristics modes, and the tuning of absorption spectra, are evaluated by full-wave numerical simulations. Besides, the unity absorption peak that was realized through the proposed geometry is sensitive to the incident angle of TM-polarized incidence waves, which can flexibly shift the maxima of the absorption peak from 30 THz to 34 THz. Finally, an equivalent resonant circuit model for the investigated antenna based on the simulations results is designed to validate the antenna performance. Parametric analysis of the proposed antenna is carried out through altering the geometric parameters and graphene parameters in the Computer Simulation Technology (CST) studio. This clearly shows that the proposed antenna has a resonance frequency at 33 THz when the graphene sheet Fermi energy is increased to 0.3 eV by applying electrostatic gate voltage. The good agreement of the simulation and equivalent circuit model results makes the graphene-metal antenna suitable for the realization of far-infrared sensing and imaging device containing graphene antenna with enhanced performance.
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11
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Xiong H, Ji Q, Bashir T, Yang F. Dual-controlled broadband terahertz absorber based on graphene and Dirac semimetal. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:13884-13894. [PMID: 32403854 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a dual-controlled broadband terahertz (THz) absorber based on graphene and Dirac semimetal. Calculated results show that the absorptance over 90% is achieved in the frequency range of 4.79-8.99 THz for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Benefiting from the advantage of the dielectric constant of these materials varying with chemical doping or gate voltage, the simulation results exhibit that the absorbance bandwidth can be controlled independently or jointly by varying the Fermi energy of the graphene or Dirac semimetal patterns instead of redesigning the absorbers. Impedance matching theory was introduced to analyze the absorption spectra changing with EF. The bandwidth and absorptivity of the proposed absorber are almost independent of changing the incident angle θ up to 35° and 40° for TE and TM modes, respectively. It works well even at a larger incident angle. Because of the symmetry of the structure, this designed absorber is polarization insensitive and almost the same absorptivity for both polarizations. Furthermore, the physical mechanisms were further disclosed by the electric field distributions. The proposed broadband and dual-controlled absorber may have potential applications in various fields of high-performance terahertz devices.
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12
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Jafari B, Soofi H. High bandwidth and responsivity mid-infrared graphene photodetector based on a modified metal-dielectric-graphene architecture. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6280-6287. [PMID: 31503771 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel graphene-based mid-infrared photoconductive photodetector is designed that is composed of nanophotodetectors in series and parallel forming an array. The whole structure utilizes a single "unpatterned" graphene layer in a modified metal-dielectric-graphene (MDG) architecture that is composed of a conventional MDG structure combined with additional nanoelectrodes for photocurrent guiding and absorption enhancement. Finite difference time domain and finite element methods are utilized to obtain optical and electrostatic characteristics of the photodetector. Specifically, responsivity, quantum efficiency, dark current, bandwidth, noise equivalent power (NEP), and specific detectivity (D*) are extracted by employing realistic graphene as well as graphene-metal characteristics. For an optimized device, maximum absorption efficiency is as much as 70% at a wavelength of λ=6.77 μm; however, the peak absorption wavelength can be effectively tuned between λ=6-7 μm. It is shown that increasing the drain-source voltage enhances the responsivity and bandwidth with a side effect of increasing the dark current. Responsivity of the 2×2 photodetector is RA=0.63 AW-1 for V DS =0.5 V with I Dark =350 μA, NEP=16.91 pW/√Hz, and D*=1.53×105 Jones.
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13
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Sang T, Gao J, Wang L, Qi H, Yin X, Wang Y. Numerical Study of Angle-Insensitive and Tunable Dual-Band THz Absorber Using Periodic Cross-Shaped Graphene Arrays. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132063. [PMID: 31252528 PMCID: PMC6651333 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A dual-band terahertz (THz) absorber using the periodic cross-shaped graphene arrays is presented. It is shown that the dual-band light absorption enhancement of graphene results from the edge graphene plasmon (EGP) resonance, and the locations of the two absorption peaks can be precisely estimated by using the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) cavity model. Slight residual reflection remains at the two absorption peaks because the input impedance of the cross-arm cannot be perfectly matched with the free space impedance. In addition, the locations of the two absorption bands can be simultaneously tuned by changing the Fermi level of graphene, and they can be independently tuned by changing the width or the length of the cross-arm of graphene. Excellent angle-insensitivity dual-band absorption enhancement of graphene can be maintained for both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Sang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - La Wang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Honglong Qi
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Yin
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yueke Wang
- Department of Photoelectric Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Research Center of Light Industrial Optoelectronic Engineering and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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14
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Guo C, Zhang J, Xu W, Liu K, Yuan X, Qin S, Zhu Z. Graphene-Based Perfect Absorption Structures in the Visible to Terahertz Band and Their Optoelectronics Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8121033. [PMID: 30545038 PMCID: PMC6316068 DOI: 10.3390/nano8121033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene has unique properties which make it an ideal material for photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, the low light absorption in monolayer graphene seriously limits its practical applications. In order to greatly enhance the light absorption of graphene, many graphene-based structures have been developed to achieve perfect absorption of incident waves. In this review, we discuss and analyze various types of graphene-based perfect absorption structures in the visible to terahertz band. In particular, we review recent advances and optoelectronic applications of such structures. Indeed, the graphene-based perfect absorption structures offer the promise of solving the key problem which limits the applications of graphene in practical optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucai Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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15
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Liu B, Tang C, Chen J, Xie N, Tang H, Zhu X, Park GS. Multiband and Broadband Absorption Enhancement of Monolayer Graphene at Optical Frequencies from Multiple Magnetic Dipole Resonances in Metamaterials. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:153. [PMID: 29767294 PMCID: PMC5955873 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that a suspended monolayer graphene has a weak light absorption efficiency of about 2.3% at normal incidence, which is disadvantageous to some applications in optoelectronic devices. In this work, we will numerically study multiband and broadband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene over the whole visible spectrum, due to multiple magnetic dipole resonances in metamaterials. The unit cell of the metamaterials is composed of a graphene monolayer sandwiched between four Ag nanodisks with different diameters and a SiO2 spacer on an Ag substrate. The near-field plasmon hybridizations between individual Ag nanodisks and the Ag substrate form four independent magnetic dipole modes, which result into multiband absorption enhancement of monolayer graphene at optical frequencies. When the resonance wavelengths of the magnetic dipole modes are tuned to approach one another by changing the diameters of the Ag nanodisks, a broadband absorption enhancement can be achieved. The position of the absorption band in monolayer graphene can be also controlled by varying the thickness of the SiO2 spacer or the distance between the Ag nanodisks. Our designed graphene light absorber may find some potential applications in optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Center for Optics and Optoelectronics Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Information Technology in Biological and Medical Physics, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023 China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Ningyan Xie
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering and College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023 China
| | - Huang Tang
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001 China
| | - Gun-sik Park
- Center for THz-driven Biological Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747 South Korea
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16
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Yang J, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Guo C, Xu W, Liu K, Yuan X, Qin S. Broadband terahertz absorber based on multi-band continuous plasmon resonances in geometrically gradient dielectric-loaded graphene plasmon structure. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3239. [PMID: 29459711 PMCID: PMC5818652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a broadband terahertz absorber consisting of nonstructured graphene loaded with arrays of elliptic dielectric cylinders. The relative bandwidth for the absorption above 90% reaches about 65%. The working mechanism of broad bandwidth mainly comes from two aspects. One is that the nonstructured graphene loaded with elliptic dielectric cylinders provides multiple discrete graphene plasmon resonances with large relative frequency interval. The other is that, for each discrete resonance, there exists a set of continuous plasmon resonances because the width of the dielectric structure varies continuously and gradiently. The broadband terahertz absorber we demonstrate here, based on geometrically gradient dielectric structures and nonstructured graphene, avoids the graphene processing, which shows great potential applications in related devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Chucai Guo
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Liu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiao Qin
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, People's Republic of China
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