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Kumar M, Murata T, Matoba O. Live Cell Imaging by Single-Shot Common-Path Wide Field-of-View Reflective Digital Holographic Microscope. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:720. [PMID: 38339437 PMCID: PMC10857047 DOI: 10.3390/s24030720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging by digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a nondestructive and label-free technique that has been playing an indispensable role in the fields of science, technology, and biomedical imaging. The technique is competent in imaging and analyzing label-free living cells and investigating reflective surfaces. Herein, we introduce a new configuration of a wide field-of-view single-shot common-path off-axis reflective DHM for the quantitative phase imaging of biological cells that leverages several advantages, including being less-vibration sensitive to external perturbations due to its common-path configuration, also being compact in size, simple in optical design, highly stable, and cost-effective. A detailed description of the proposed DHM system, including its optical design, working principle, and capability for phase imaging, is presented. The applications of the proposed system are demonstrated through quantitative phase imaging results obtained from the reflective surface (USAF resolution test target) as well as transparent samples (living plant cells). The proposed system could find its applications in the investigation of several biological specimens and the optical metrology of micro-surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Murata
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan
| | - Osamu Matoba
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Center of Optical Scattering Image Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Sun J, Wu J, Wu S, Goswami R, Girardo S, Cao L, Guck J, Koukourakis N, Czarske JW. Quantitative phase imaging through an ultra-thin lensless fiber endoscope. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:204. [PMID: 35790748 PMCID: PMC9255502 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00898-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free technique providing both morphology and quantitative biophysical information in biomedicine. However, applying such a powerful technique to in vivo pathological diagnosis remains challenging. Multi-core fiber bundles (MCFs) enable ultra-thin probes for in vivo imaging, but current MCF imaging techniques are limited to amplitude imaging modalities. We demonstrate a computational lensless microendoscope that uses an ultra-thin bare MCF to perform quantitative phase imaging with microscale lateral resolution and nanoscale axial sensitivity of the optical path length. The incident complex light field at the measurement side is precisely reconstructed from the far-field speckle pattern at the detection side, enabling digital refocusing in a multi-layer sample without any mechanical movement. The accuracy of the quantitative phase reconstruction is validated by imaging the phase target and hydrogel beads through the MCF. With the proposed imaging modality, three-dimensional imaging of human cancer cells is achieved through the ultra-thin fiber endoscope, promising widespread clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Sun
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jiachen Wu
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ruchi Goswami
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Liangcai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Juergen W Czarske
- Laboratory of Measurement and Sensor System Technique (MST), TU Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Competence Center for Biomedical Computational Laser Systems (BIOLAS), TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Jeong K, Lopera MJ, Turek JJ, Nolte DD. Common-path interferometer for digital holographic Doppler spectroscopy of living biological tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210018LR. [PMID: 33783149 PMCID: PMC8005914 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Common-path interferometers have the advantage of producing ultrastable interferometric fringes compared with conventional interferometers, such as Michelson or Mach-Zehnder that are sensitive to environmental instabilities. Isolating interferometric measurements from mechanical disturbances is important in biodynamic imaging because Doppler spectroscopy of intracellular dynamics requires extreme stability for phase-sensitive interferometric detection to capture fluctuation frequencies down to 10 mHz. AIM The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Doppler spectra produced from a common-path interferometer using a grating and a spatial filter (SF) are comparable to, and more stable than, spectra from conventional biodynamic imaging. APPROACH A common-path interferometer using a holographic diffraction grating and an SF was employed with a low-coherence source. Simulations evaluated the spatial resolution. DLD-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma) spheroids were used as living target tissue samples. Power spectra under external vibrations and drug-response spectrograms were compared between common-path and Fourier-domain holographic systems. RESULTS The common-path holography configuration shows enhanced interferometric stability against mechanical vibrations through common-mode rejection while maintaining sensitivity to Doppler frequency fluctuations caused by intracellular motions. CONCLUSIONS A common-path interferometer using a grating and an SF can provide enhanced interferometric stability in tissue-dynamics spectroscopy for drug screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Jeong
- Korea Military Academy, Department of Physics, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - John J. Turek
- Purdue University, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, West Lafayette, United States
| | - David D. Nolte
- Purdue University, Department of Physics, West Lafayette, United States
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Doppler imaging detects bacterial infection of living tissue. Commun Biol 2021; 4:178. [PMID: 33568744 PMCID: PMC7876006 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Living 3D in vitro tissue cultures, grown from immortalized cell lines, act as living sentinels as pathogenic bacteria invade the tissue. The infection is reported through changes in the intracellular dynamics of the sentinel cells caused by the disruption of normal cellular function by the infecting bacteria. Here, the Doppler imaging of infected sentinels shows the dynamic characteristics of infections. Invasive Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes penetrate through multicellular tumor spheroids, while non-invasive strains of Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua remain isolated outside the cells, generating different Doppler signatures. Phase distributions caused by intracellular transport display Lévy statistics, introducing a Lévy-alpha spectroscopy of bacterial invasion. Antibiotic treatment of infected spheroids, monitored through time-dependent Doppler shifts, can distinguish drug-resistant relative to non-resistant strains. This use of intracellular Doppler spectroscopy of living tissue sentinels opens a new class of microbial assay with potential importance for studying the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Honggu Choi et al. use biodynamic Doppler imaging to monitor bacterial infection of 3D living tissue and describe changes in the intracellular motions of living host tissue induced by early-stage infection. This work demonstrates the potential for the clinical use of this method to test for antibiotic-resistant infections.
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Schnitzler L, Neutsch K, Schellenberg F, Hofmann MR, Gerhardt NC. Confocal laser scanning holographic microscopy of buried structures. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:A8-A14. [PMID: 33690350 DOI: 10.1364/ao.403687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a confocal laser scanning holographic microscope for the investigation of buried structures. The multimodal system combines high diffraction limited resolution and high signal-to-noise-ratio with the ability of phase acquisition. The amplitude and phase imaging capabilities of the system are shown on a test target. For the investigation of buried integrated semiconductor structures, we expand our system with an optical beam induced current modality that provides additional structure-sensitive contrast. We demonstrate the performance of the multimodal system by imaging the buried structures of a microcontroller through the silicon backside of its housing in reflection geometry.
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Amann S, Witzleben MV, Breuer S. 3D-printable portable open-source platform for low-cost lens-less holographic cellular imaging. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11260. [PMID: 31375772 PMCID: PMC6677730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy is an emerging, potentially low-cost alternative to conventional light microscopy for micro-object imaging on earth, underwater and in space. Immediate access to micron-scale objects however requires a well-balanced system design and sophisticated reconstruction algorithms, that are commercially available, however not accessible cost-efficiently. Here, we present an open-source implementation of a lens-less digital inline holographic microscope platform, based on off-the-shelf optical, electronic and mechanical components, costing less than $190. It employs a Blu-Ray semiconductor-laser-pickup or a light-emitting-diode, a pinhole, a 3D-printed housing consisting of 3 parts and a single-board portable computer and camera with an open-source implementation of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff routine. We demonstrate 1.55 μm spatial resolution by laser-pickup and 3.91 μm by the light-emitting-diode source. The housing and mechanical components are 3D printed. Both printer and reconstruction software source codes are open. The light-weight microscope allows to image label-free micro-spheres of 6.5 μm diameter, human red-blood-cells of about 8 μm diameter as well as fast-growing plant Nicotiana-tabacum-BY-2 suspension cells with 50 μm sizes. The imaging capability is validated by imaging-contrast quantification involving a standardized test target. The presented 3D-printable portable open-source platform represents a fully-open design, low-cost modular and versatile imaging-solution for use in high- and low-resource areas of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Amann
- Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Max von Witzleben
- Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Breuer
- Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 7, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Xi T, Dai S, Li Y, Di J, Zhao J. Measurement of thermal effect in laser pumped silicon employing infrared digital holographic interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:9439-9446. [PMID: 31045095 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.009439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a short-coherence infrared digital holographic interferometry (IRDHI) to quantitatively measure the weak thermal effect in silicon wafer under visible laser pumping. In IRDHI, a superluminescent diode and a narrow-band filter are introduced to eliminate the self-interference fringes and suppress the noise. The effect of coherence length of the detection light source is analyzed and the optimal coherence length range in the proposed configuration is given. Meanwhile, we measure the weak thermal effect in silicon pumped by two different approaches of a continuous visible laser with different powers. The proposed configuration, which shows high stability and sensitivity, can be easily adapted and improved to measure the variation of thermal effect or refractive index in other near infrared transparent materials.
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Huang C, Gu Y, Chen J, Bahrani AA, Abu Jawdeh EG, Bada HS, Saatman K, Yu G, Chen L. A Wearable Fiberless Optical Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2019; 25:1-9. [PMID: 31666792 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2869613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and longitudinal monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in animal models provides information for studying the mechanisms and interventions of various cerebral diseases. Since anesthesia may affect brain hemodynamics, researchers have been seeking wearable devices for use in conscious animals. We present a wearable diffuse speckle contrast flowmeter (DSCF) probe for monitoring CBF variations in mice. The DSCF probe consists of a small low-power near-infrared laser diode as a point source and an ultra-small low-power CMOS camera as a 2D detector array, which can be affixed on a mouse head. The movement of red blood cells in brain cortex (i.e., CBF) produces spatial fluctuations of laser speckles, which are captured by the camera. The DSCF system was calibrated using tissue phantoms and validated in a human forearm and mouse brains for continuous monitoring of blood flow increases and decreases against the established technologies. Significant correlations were observed among these measurements (R2 ≥ 0.80, p < 10-5). This small fiberless probe has the potential to be worn by a freely moving conscious mouse. Moreover, the flexible source-detector configuration allows for varied probing depths up to ~8 mm, which is sufficient for transcranially detecting CBF in the cortices of rodents and newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Yutong Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089 USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Ahmed A Bahrani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Elie G Abu Jawdeh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Henrietta S Bada
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Kathryn Saatman
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Physiology, Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 USA
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Wolbromsky L, Turko NA, Shaked NT. Single-exposure full-field multi-depth imaging using low-coherence holographic multiplexing. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2046-2049. [PMID: 29714742 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new interferometric imaging approach that allows for multiple-depth imaging in a single acquisition, using off-axis low-coherence holographic multiplexing. This technique enables sectioned imaging of multiple slices within a thick sample, in a single image acquisition. Each slice has a distinct off-axis interference fringe orientation indicative of its axial location, and the camera acquires the multiplexed hologram containing the different slices at once. We demonstrate the proposed technique for amplitude and phase imaging of optically thick samples.
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