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Huang HH, Juodkazis S, Gamaly EG, Tikhonchuk VT, Hatanaka K. Mechanism of Single-Cycle THz Pulse Generation and X-ray Emission: Water-Flow Irradiated by Two Ultra-Short Laser Pulses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2505. [PMID: 37764534 PMCID: PMC10538184 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of two subsequent ultra-short sub-milli-Joule laser pulses with a thin water flow results in an emission of a strong single-cycle THz pulse associated with enhanced soft X-ray emission. In this paper, a chain of processes produced in this interaction is analyzed and compared with other THz generation studies. It is demonstrated that the enhanced THz and X-ray emissions are produced by an energetic electron beam accelerated in the interaction of a main laser pulse with liquid water ejected from the surface by the pre-pulse. This scheme thus provides an efficient laser energy conversion in a THz pulse, avoiding laser self-focusing and filamentation in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Huang
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre, School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- WRH Program International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Eugene G. Gamaly
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Vladimir T. Tikhonchuk
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux, 351 Cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence, France
- Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, ELI Beamlines Facility, Za Radnicic 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Koji Hatanaka
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Research Administration Office, Organization for Research Strategy and Development, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Center for Optical Research and Education (CORE), Utsunomiya University, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
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Kumagai K, Huang HH, Hatanaka K, Hayasaki Y. Computational broadband imaging with laser-driven sequential light source arrays on a water film. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9554-9562. [PMID: 37157523 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Imaging and computational processing fusion technologies have expanded the wavelength range that can be visualized. However, it is still challenging to realize a system that can image a wide range of wavelengths, including non-visible regions, in a single system. Here, we propose a broadband imaging system based on femtosecond-laser-driven sequential light source arrays. The light source arrays allow us to form ultra-broadband illumination light depending on the excitation target and irradiated pulse energy. We demonstrated X-ray and visible imaging under atmospheric pressure by using a water film as an excitation target. Furthermore, by applying a compressive sensing algorithm, the imaging time was reduced while maintaining the number of pixels in the reconstructed image.
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Giant Enhancement of THz Wave Emission under Double-Pulse Excitation of Thin Water Flow. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10062031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous measurements of THz wave and hard X-ray emission from thin and flat water flow when irradiated by double femtosecond laser pulses (800 nm, 35 fs/transform-limited, 0.5 kHz, delay times up to 15 ns) were carried out. THz wave measurements by time-domain spectroscopy and X-ray detection by Geiger counters were performed at the transmission and the reflection sides of the flow. THz wave emission spectra show their dynamic peak shifts toward the low frequency with the highest intensity enhancements more than 1.5 × 10 3 times in |E| 2 accumulated over the whole spectrum range of 0–3 THz at the delay time of 4.7 ns between the two pulses. On the other hand, X-ray intensity enhancements are limited to about 20 times at 0 ns under the same experimental conditions. The mechanisms for the spectral changes and the intensity enhancements in THz wave emission are discussed from the viewpoint of laser ablation on the water flow induced by the pre-pulse irradiation.
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Abstract
Primers are used to reliably initiate a secondary explosive in a wide range of industrial and defence applications. However, established primer technologies pose both direct and indirect risks to health and safety. This review analyses a new generation of primer materials and ignition control mechanisms that have been developed to address these risks in firearms. Electrically or optically initiated metal, oxide and semiconductor-based devices show promise as alternatives for heavy metal percussive primers. The prospects for wider use of low-cost, safe, reliable and non-toxic primers are discussed in view of these developments.
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Jonušauskas L, Gailevičius D, Rekštytė S, Baldacchini T, Juodkazis S, Malinauskas M. Mesoscale laser 3D printing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:15205-15221. [PMID: 31163720 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.015205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
3D meso scale structures that can reach up to centimeters in overall size but retain micro- or nano-features, proved to be promising in various science fields ranging from micro-mechanical metamaterials to photonics and bio-medical scaffolds. In this work, we present synchronization of the linear and galvanometric scanners for efficient femtosecond 3D optical printing of objects at the meso-scale (from sub-μm to sub-cm spanning five orders of magnitude). In such configuration, the linear stages provide stitch-free structuring at nearly limitless (up to tens-of-cm) working area, while galvo-scanners allow to achieve translation velocities in the range of mm/s-cm/s without sacrificing nano-scale positioning accuracy and preserving the undistorted shape of the final print. The principle behind this approach is demonstrated, proving its inherent advantages in comparison to separate use of only linear stages or scanners. The printing rate is calculated in terms of voxels/s, showcasing the capability to maintain an optimal feature size while increasing throughput. Full capabilities of this approach are demonstrated by fabricating structures that reach millimeters in size but still retain sub-μm features: scaffolds for cell growth, microlenses, and photonic crystals. All this is combined into a benchmark structure: a meso-butterfly. Provided results show that synchronization of two scan modes is crucial for the end goal of industrial-scale implementation of this technology and makes the laser printing well aligned with similar approaches in nanofabrication by electron and ion beams.
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Hsu WH, Masim FCP, Balčytis A, Huang HH, Yonezawa T, Kuchmizhak AA, Juodkazis S, Hatanaka K. Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:2609-2617. [PMID: 30416911 PMCID: PMC6204784 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhancement of X-ray emission was observed from a micro-jet of a nano-colloidal gold suspension in air under double-pulse excitation of ultrashort (40 fs) near-IR laser pulses. Temporal and spatial overlaps between the pre-pulse and the main pulse were optimized for the highest X-ray emission. The maximum X-ray intensity was obtained at a 1-7 ns delay of the main pulse irradiation after the pre-pulse irradiation with the micro-jet position shifted along the laser beam propagation. It was revealed that the volume around gold nanoparticles where the permittivity is near zero, ε ≈ 0, accounts for the strongest absorption, which leads to the effective enhancements of X-ray emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Hsu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | | | - Armandas Balčytis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tetsu Yonezawa
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan
| | - Aleksandr A Kuchmizhak
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), Vladivostok 690041, Russia
- Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690041, Russia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton 3168 VIC, Australia
| | - Koji Hatanaka
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University , Guishan, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong-Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
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Huang HH, Nagashima T, Hsu WH, Juodkazis S, Hatanaka K. Dual THz Wave and X-ray Generation from a Water Film under Femtosecond Laser Excitation. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070523. [PMID: 30011794 PMCID: PMC6071190 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous emission of the THz wave and hard X-ray from thin water free-flow was induced by the irradiation of tightly-focused femtosecond laser pulses (35 fs, 800 nm, 500 Hz) in air. Intensity measurements of the THz wave and X-ray were carried out at the same time with time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) based on electro-optic sampling with a ZnTe(110) crystal and a Geiger counter, respectively. Intensity profiles of the THz wave and X-ray emission as a function of the solution flow position along the incident laser axis at the laser focus show that the profile width of the THz wave is broader than that of the X-ray. Furthermore, the profiles of the THz wave measured in reflection and transmission directions show different features and indicate that THz wave emission is, under single-pulse excitation, induced mainly in laser-induced plasma on the water flow surface. Under double-pulse excitation with a time separation of 4.6 ns, 5–10 times enhancements of THz wave emission were observed. Such dual light sources can be used to characterise materials, as well as to reveal the sequence of material modifications under intense laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Huang
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Takeshi Nagashima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Wei-Hung Hsu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Nanotechnology Facility, Center for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, the Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Koji Hatanaka
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
- College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong-Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Deformation Behavior of Foam Laser Targets Fabricated by Two-Photon Polymerization. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8070498. [PMID: 29986426 PMCID: PMC6070906 DOI: 10.3390/nano8070498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP), which is a three-dimensional micro/nano-scale additive manufacturing process, is used to fabricate component for small custom experimental packages (“targets”) to support laser-driven, high-energy-density physics research. Of particular interest is the use of 2PP to deterministically print millimeter-scale, low-density, and low atomic number (CHO) polymer matrices (“foams”). Deformation during development and drying of the foam structures remains a challenge when using certain commercial acrylic photo-resins. Acrylic resins were chosen in order to meet the low atomic number requirement for the foam; that requirement precludes the use of low-shrinkage organic/inorganic hybrid resins. Here, we compare the use of acrylic resins IP-S and IP-Dip. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy are used to quantify the extent of the polymerization during 2PP vs. UV curing. The mechanical strength of beam and foam structures is examined, particularly the degree of deformation that occurs during the development and drying processes. The magnitude of the shrinkage is quantified, and finite element analysis is used in order to simulate the resulting deformation. Capillary drying forces during development are shown to be small and are likely below the elastic limit of the foam log-pile structures. In contrast, the substantial shrinkage in IP-Dip (~5⁻10%) causes large shear stresses and associated plastic deformation, particularly near constrained boundaries and locations with sharp density transitions. Use of IP-S with an improved writing procedure results in a marked reduction in deformation with a minor loss of resolution.
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