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Gui Y, Shu Q, Lu P, Peng J, Zhang J, Liu D. Optical Fiber Sensor for Curvature and Temperature Measurement Based on Anti-Resonant Effect Cascaded with Multimode Interference. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8457. [PMID: 36366158 PMCID: PMC9658890 DOI: 10.3390/s22218457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel inline optical fiber sensor for curvature and temperature measurement simultaneously has been proposed and demonstrated, which can measure two parameters with very little crosstalk. Two combinational mechanisms of anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide and inline Mach-Zehnder interference structure are integrated into a 3 mm-long single hole twin suspended core fiber (SHTSCF). The 85 μm hole core gives periodic several dominant resonant wavelengths in the optical transmission spectrum, acting as the anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW). The modes in two suspended cores and the cladding form the comb pattern. Reliable sensor sensitivity can be obtained by effective experiments and demodulation. Through intensity demodulation of the selected dip of Gaussian fitting, the curvature sensitivity can be up to -7.23 dB/m-1. Through tracking the MZI dip for wavelength demodulation, the temperature sensitivity can be up to 28.8 pm/°C. The sensor is simple in structure, compact, and has good response, which can have a bright application in a complex environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Gui
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qian Shu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Wuhan OV Optical Networking Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiajun Peng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Deming Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Huang Z, Liu D, Wu Q, Tian K, Zhao H, Shen C, Farrell G, Semenova Y, Wang P. Light transmission mechanisms in a SMF-capillary fiber-SMF structure and its application to bi-directional liquid level measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21876-21893. [PMID: 36224899 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Capillary fiber (CF) has been extensively investigated in a singlemode fiber (SMF)-CF-SMF (SCS) sensing structure since multiple light guiding mechanisms can be easily excited by simply tuning the air core diameter (cladding diameter) and length of the CF. Understanding the light guiding principles in an SCS structure is essential for improved implementation of a CF based fiber sensor. In this work, light guiding principles in a relatively large air core diameter (≥ 20 µm) and long length of CF (> 1 mm) are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is found that both multimode interference (MMI) and Anti-Resonant Reflecting Optical Waveguide (ARROW) light guiding mechanisms are excited in the SCS structure in the transmission configuration. However, MMI dips are not observed in the spectrum for the air core diameters of CF smaller than 50 µm in the experiment due to large transmission loss in small air core CFs. Further experimental results demonstrate that a CF with a bigger air core diameter shows a higher sensitivity to curvature, and the highest sensitivity of -16.15 nm/m-1 is achieved when an CF-100 was used. In addition, a SMF-CF-20-CF-30-SMF (SCCS) structure is proposed for high sensitivity bi-direction liquid level measurement for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Two types of ARROW dips (Dip-20 and Dip-30) are simultaneously excited in transmission, hence both liquid level and liquid flow direction can be detected by tracing the dip strength changes of Dip-20 and Dip-30, respectively.
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Yang Z, Yuan W, Yu C. Hollow Core Bragg Fiber-Based Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Curvature and Temperature. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237956. [PMID: 34883960 PMCID: PMC8659540 DOI: 10.3390/s21237956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the hollow core Bragg fiber (HCBF)-based sensor based on anti-resonant reflecting optical waveguide (ARROW) model is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for simultaneous measurement of curvature and temperature by simply sandwiching a segment of HCBF within two single-mode fibers (SMFs). The special construction of a four-bilayer Bragg structure provides a well-defined periodic interference envelope in the transmission spectrum for sensing external perturbations. Owing to different sensitivities of interference dips, the proposed HCBF-based sensor is capable of dual-parameter detection by monitoring the wavelength shift. The highest curvature sensitivity of the proposed sensor is measured to be 74.4 pm/m-1 in the range of 1.1859-2.9047 m-1 with the adjusted R square value of 0.9804. In the meanwhile, the best sensitivity of temperature sensing was detected to be 16.8 pm/°C with the linearity of 0.997 with temperature range varying from 25 to 55 °C. Furthermore, with the aid of the 2 × 2 matrix, the dual demodulation of curvature and temperature can be carried out to realize the simultaneous measurement of these two parameters. Besides dual-parameter sensing based on wavelength shift, the proposed sensor can also measure temperature-insensitive curvature by demodulating the intensity of resonant dips.
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Lee SB, Jung YJ, Choi HK, Sohn IB, Lee JH. Hybrid LPG-FBG Based High-Resolution Micro Bending Strain Sensor. SENSORS 2020; 21:s21010022. [PMID: 33375146 PMCID: PMC7792977 DOI: 10.3390/s21010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity and reliability are essential factors for the practical implementation of a wearable sensor. This study explores the possibility of using a hybrid high-resolution Bragg grating sensor for achieving a fast response to dynamic, continuous motion and Bragg signal pattern monitoring measurement. The wavelength shift pattern for real-time monitoring in picometer units was derived by using femtosecond laser Bragg grating processing on an optical wave path with long-period grating. The possibility of measuring the demodulation system's Bragg signal pattern on the reflection spectrum of the femtosecond laser precision Bragg process and the long-period grating was confirmed. By demonstrating a practical method of wearing the sensor, the application of wearables was also explored. It is possible to present the applicability of sophisticated micro transformation measurement applications in picometer units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bi Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Young-Jun Jung
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.C.); (I.-B.S.)
| | - Hun-Kook Choi
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.C.); (I.-B.S.)
| | - Ik-Bu Sohn
- Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; (Y.-J.J.); (H.-K.C.); (I.-B.S.)
| | - Joo-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Temperature-Insensitive Refractive Index Sensor with Etched Microstructure Fiber. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19173749. [PMID: 31480209 PMCID: PMC6749421 DOI: 10.3390/s19173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on an etched all-solid microstructure fiber (MOF) has been demonstrated. The MZI works on the basis of interference between the vibrant core and cladding modes in the MOF. The all-solid MOF has a heterostructure cladding composed of Ge-doped rod arrays and pure silica, and thus can support and propagate a vibrant cladding mode with a large mode area. When the outermost cladding of MOF is etched, the cladding mode becomes sensitive to the ambient refractive index (RI). The etched MOF can work as a sensing head for RI sensing. By comparing the interference spectra, the extinction ratio has remained stable at around 20 dB after the MOF was etched. The RI sensing characteristics of the MZI with an etched MOF have also been investigated. The results show that the RI sensitivity can reach up to 2183.6 nm/RIU with a low-temperature coefficient (<10 pm/°C).
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