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Wang C, Liu J, Zhang Z. Transmission characteristics of femtosecond laser pulses in a polymer waveguide. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:31396-31406. [PMID: 36242222 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond lasers have been widely employed in scientific and industrial applications, including the study of material properties, fabrication of structures on the sub-micrometer scale, surgical and medical treatment, etc. In these applications, the ultrafast laser is implemented either in free space or via an optical fiber-based channel. To investigate the light-matter interaction on a chip-based dimension, laser pulses with extremely high peak power need to be injected into an integrated optical waveguide. This requires the waveguide to be transparent and linear at this power, but also capable of providing a highly efficient and reliable interface for fiber-chip coupling. Contrary to the common belief that polymer materials may suffer from stability issues, we show that a polymer waveguide fabricated under simple and low-cost technology using only commercial materials can indeed transmit femtosecond laser pulses with similar characteristics as low-power continuous-wave laser. The coupling efficiency with a lensed fiber is ∼76% per facet. The pulse broadening effect in the polymer waveguide is also well fitted by the material and waveguide dispersion without nonlinear behavior. This study paves the way for developing a low-cost, highly efficient, polymer-based waveguide platform for the investigation of ultrafast phenomena on a chip.
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Cheng C, Li Z, Dong N, Li R, Wang J, Chen F. Atomic Defect Induced Saturable Absorption of Hexagonal Boron Nitride in Near Infrared Band for Ultrafast Lasing Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123203. [PMID: 34947552 PMCID: PMC8707294 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Defect-induced phenomena in 2D materials has received increasing interest among researchers due to the novel properties correlated with precise modification of materials. We performed a study of the nonlinear saturable absorption of the boron-atom-vacancy defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thin film at a wavelength of ~1 μm and its applications in ultrafast laser generation. The h-BN is with wide band gap of ~6 eV. Our investigation shows that the defective h-BN has a wide absorption band from visible to near infrared regimes. First-principle calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) indicate that optical property changes may be attributed to the boron-vacancy-related defects. The photoluminescence spectrum shows a strong emission peak at ~1.79 eV. The ultrafast Z-scan measurement shows saturable absorbance response has been detected for the defective h-BN with saturation intensity of ~1.03 GW/cm2 and modulation depth of 1.1%. In addition, the defective h-BN has been applied as a new saturable absorber (SA) to generate laser pulses through the passively Q-switched mode-locking configuration. Based on a Nd:YAG waveguide platform, 8.7 GHz repetition rate and 55 ps pulse duration of the waveguide laser have been achieved. Our results suggest potential applications of defective h-BN for ultrafast lasing and integrated photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Ziqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Ningning Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (N.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Rang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China; (N.D.); (J.W.)
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China; (Z.L.); (R.L.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (F.C.)
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Xie J, Ågren H, Zhang H. Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100113. [PMID: 34323318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerged mono-elemental nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has been widely investigated for its fascinating physical properties, including layer-dependent tunable band gap (0.3-1.5 eV), high ON/OFF ratio (104 ), high carrier mobility (103 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), excellent mechanical resistance, as well as special in-plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics. However, the instability caused by chemical degradation of its surface has posed a severe challenge for its further applications. A focused BP/polymer strategy has more recently been developed and implemented to hurdle this issue, so at present BP/polymers have been developed that exhibit enhanced stability, as well as outstanding optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. This has promoted researchers to further explore the potential applications of black phosphorous. In this review, the preparation processes and the key properties of BP/polymers are reviewed, followed by a detailed account of their diversified applications, including areas like optoelectronics, bio-medicine, and energy storage. Finally, in accordance with the current progress, the prospective challenges and future directions are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianlei Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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Nonlinear Optical Response of Gold Nanobipyramids for a Doubly Q-Switched Ho-Doped Laser at a Wavelength of 2.1 µm. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020535. [PMID: 33669842 PMCID: PMC7923209 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanobipyramids (Au-NBPs) were successfully fabricated using the seed-mediated growth method. The saturable absorption performance of the Au-NBPs at a 2-μm band wavelength was characterized. Using excellent-quality, mature Ho:YLF crystals, a doubly Q-switched (DQS) laser joining an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) with an Au-NBP saturable absorber (SA) was achieved. When the modulation rate of the AOM was 1 kHz, the shortest pulse width (54 ns) was attained, corresponding to the highest peak power (3.87 kW). This was compared with a singly Q-switched laser joining an AOM with an Au-NBP SA, whereby the maximum pulse width compression ratio was 15.2 and the highest peak power enhancement factor was 541.3. Our study has shown that Au-NBPs are a potential saturable absorption nanomaterial, and the DQS laser has the benefit of compressing the pulse width and increasing the peak power at a wavelength of 2.1 μm.
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Wang G, Wang Z, McEvoy N, Fan P, Blau WJ. Layered PtSe 2 for Sensing, Photonic, and (Opto-)Electronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004070. [PMID: 33225525 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the first experimental discovery of graphene 16 years ago, many other 2D layered nanomaterials have been reported. However, the majority of 2D nanostructures suffer from relatively complicated fabrication processes that have bottlenecked their development and their uptake by industry for practical applications. Here, the recent progress in sensing, photonic, and (opto-)electronic applications of PtSe2 , a 2D layered material that is likely to be used in industries benefiting from its high air-stability and semiconductor-technology-compatible fabrication methods, is reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of a range of synthesis methods for PtSe2 are initially compared, followed by a discussion of its outstanding properties, and industrial and commercial advantages. Research focused on the broadband nonlinear photonic properties of PtSe2 , as well as reports of its use as a saturable absorber in ultrafast lasers, are then reviewed. Additionally, the advances that have been achieved in a range of PtSe2 -based field-effect transistors, photodetectors, and sensors are summarized. Finally, a conclusion on these results along with the outlook for the future is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaozhong Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Niall McEvoy
- School of Chemistry and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ping Fan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Werner J Blau
- School of Physics and AMBER, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Graphdiyne Saturable Absorber for Passively Q-Switched Ho 3+-Doped Laser. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091848. [PMID: 32947782 PMCID: PMC7558143 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality all-carbon nanostructure graphdiyne (GDY) saturable absorber was successfully fabricated and saturable absorption properties in the 2 μm region were characterized using a commercial mode-locked laser as a pulsed source. The fabricated GDY was first used as an optical switcher in a passively Q-switched Ho laser. Under absorbed pump power of 2.4 W, the maximum average output power and shortest pulse width were 443 mW and 1.38 µs, at a repetition rate of 29.72 kHz. The results suggest that GDY nanomaterial is a promising candidate as an optical modulator for generation of short pulses in Ho-doped lasers at 2.1 μm.
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Bae JE, Mateos X, Aguiló M, Díaz F, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Romero C, Lee H, Rotermund F. Transition of pulsed operation from Q-switching to continuous-wave mode-locking in a Yb:KLuW waveguide laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:18027-18034. [PMID: 32680004 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the diverse pulsed operation regimes of a femtosecond-laser-written Yb:KLuW channel waveguide laser emitting near 1040 nm. By the precise position tuning of a carbon-nanotube-coated saturable absorber (SA) mirror, the transition of the pulsed operation from Q-switching, Q-switched mode-locking and finally sub-GHz continuous-wave mode-locking are obtained based on the interplay of dispersion and mode area control. The Q-switched pulses exhibit typical fast SA Q-switched pulse characteristics depending on absorbed pump powers. In the Q-switched mode-locking, amplitude modulations of the mode-locked pulses on the Q-switched envelope are observed. The radio-frequency spectrum represents the coexistence of Q-switching and mode-locking signals. In the purely mode-locked operation, the waveguide laser generates 2.05-ps pulses at 0.5 GHz.
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Feng X, Liu J, Yang W, Yu X, Jiang S, Ning T, Liu J. Broadband indium tin oxide nanowire arrays as saturable absorbers for solid-state lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:1554-1560. [PMID: 32121863 DOI: 10.1364/oe.380903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indium Tin Oxide nanowire arrays (ITO-NWAs), as epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, exhibit a fast response time and a low saturable absorption intensity, which make them promising photoelectric materials. In this study, ITO-NWAs were successfully fabricated using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and the saturable absorption properties of this material were characterized in the near-infrared region. Further, passively Q-switched all-solid-state lasers were realized at wavelengths of 1.0, 1.3, and 2.0 µm using the as-prepared saturable absorber (SA). To the best of our knowledge, we present the first application of ITO-NWAs in all-solid-state lasers. The results reveal that ITO-NWAs may be applied as an SA while developing Q-switched lasers and that they exhibit a broad application prospect as broadband saturable absorption materials.
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Yao J, Cheng X, Zhang Q, Tang X, Chen H, Bai J. Thermally Induced Nonlinearity of Organic Solvents and Real-Time Visualization of the Nucleophilic Addition Reaction Using Spatial Cross-Phase Modulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6213-6218. [PMID: 31573815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the study of the thermally induced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the commonly used organic solvents at the near-infrared range using spatial cross-phase modulation (SXPM). The results indicate that those solvents (alcohols, formic acid, and acetic acid) with -OH and -COOH functional groups have obvious NLO effect in the near-infrared range due to the third overtone absorption of the O-H band. In addition, the NLO effect of the ketones and aldehydes is enhanced when water or nitric acid is added, because the products with -OH and -COOH are generated, respectively, according to the nucleophilic addition reactions. Finally, real-time visualization of the acetone nucleophilic addition reaction is realized by monitoring the SXPM diffraction patterns' variation with time. This work not only is of importance in studying the NLO properties of the materials, e.g, interpreting the results performed in solutions and selecting suitable solvents, but also provides a simple way to visualize chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yao
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials & Application International Cooperation Center, Institute of Photonics & 2 Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials & Application International Cooperation Center, Institute of Photonics & 2 Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering , XI'AN University of Posts & Telecommunications , Xi'an 710121 , China
| | - Xingjia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Haowei Chen
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials & Application International Cooperation Center, Institute of Photonics & 2 Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, National Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials & Application International Cooperation Center, Institute of Photonics & 2 Photon-Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
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Jia Y, He R, Vázquez de Aldana JR, Liu H, Chen F. Femtosecond laser direct writing of few-mode depressed-cladding waveguide lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30941-30951. [PMID: 31684335 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on mirrorless laser operation of Nd:YVO4 single- and double-cladding waveguides fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. Fundamental- (LP01) and high-order-mode (LP03, LP05) guiding and lasing have been observed in waveguides with different geometries and sizes. Double-cladding waveguides exhibit good guiding and lasing performance via inheriting advantages respectively from individual single cladding. As a result, continuous-wave lasing with a threshold as low as 59 mW is obtained, depending on the optical feedback provided only by Fresnel reflections at the waveguide end faces. By using few-layer graphene as saturable absorber, passively Q-switched operation in fabricated waveguides is also achieved.
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Feng X, Lin Y, Yu X, Wu Q, Huang H, Zhang F, Ning T, Liu J, Su L, Zhang H. Continuous-wave and Q-switched Nd:BGSO lasers based on bismuth nanosheets absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6545-6548. [PMID: 31503583 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This Nd:BG1-xSxO (Nd:BGSO) crystal was grown using the micro-pulling-down method, and the continuous-wave laser operation of this crystal was demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The maximum output power of 1.038 W was obtained under the absorbed pump power of 3.01 W, which corresponds to a slope efficiency of 31.3%. Bismuth nanosheets were first employed as saturable absorbers to generate a passively Q-switched Nd:BGSO laser. Stable Q-switched pulses with the shortest pulse width of 376.5 ns and the maximum repetition rate of 136.6 kHz were achieved at the absorbed pump power of 3.01 W. The largest pulse energy and highest peak power achieved were 0.94 μJ and 2.48 W, respectively.
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Pang C, Li R, Li Z, Dong N, Wang J, Ren F, Chen F. Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles embedded in lithium tantalate crystal for ultrafast laser generation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:334001. [PMID: 31013488 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab1b97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in LiTaO3 (AgNP:LT) by direct Ag+ ion implantation. Transmission electron microscope imaging indicates that the embedded Ag NPs have an average diameter of 3.65 nm. The linear optical absorption spectrum of AgNP:LT peaking at 477 nm is observed owing to the typical effect of localized surface plasmon resonance. Z-scan investigation shows ultrafast saturable absorption of AgNP:LT at the near infrared 1 μm wavelength, which enables AgNP:LT to be a new saturable absorber (SA) for the generation of 1 μm Q-switched mode-locked pulsed laser with pulse duration of 35 ps and repetition rate of 8.74 GHz. This work not only opens a new way to tailor the nonlinearity of LiTaO3 by embedding Ag+ NPs, but also develops AgNP:LT as a new SA for ultrafast laser generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Pang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Li Z, Li R, Pang C, Dong N, Wang J, Yu H, Chen F. 8.8 GHz Q-switched mode-locked waveguide lasers modulated by PtSe 2 saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8727-8737. [PMID: 31052685 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-repetition-rate fundamentally Q-switched mode-locked Nd:YAG waveguide laser modulated by platinum diselenide (PtSe2) saturable absorber. The laser operation platform is a femtosecond laser-written monolithic Nd:YAG waveguide, and the saturable absorber is large-area few-layer PtSe2 that possesses relatively lower saturation intensity and higher modulation depth in comparison with graphene. With the superb ultrafast nonlinear saturable absorption properties of as-synthesized PtSe2, the waveguide laser could operate at ~8.8 GHz repetition rate and ~27 ps pulse duration, while maintaining a relatively high slope efficiency of 26% and high stability with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) up to 54 dB. Our work indicates the promising applications of laser-written Nd:YAG waveguides and atomically thin PtSe2 for on-chip integration of GHz laser sources toward higher repetition rates and shorter pulse duration.
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Pang C, Li R, Zhang Y, Li Z, Dong N, Wu L, Yu H, Wang J, Ren F, Chen F. Tailoring optical nonlinearities of LiNbO 3 crystals by plasmonic silver nanoparticles for broadband saturable absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31276-31289. [PMID: 30650716 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a LiNbO3 crystal (AgNP:LN) by ion implantation and its application as an efficient broadband saturable absorber (SA) to realize Q-switched pulsed laser generation at both visible and near-infrared wavelength bands. The nonlinear optical response of AgNP:LN is considered as a synergistic effect between Ag NPs and LiNbO3. We apply the AgNP:LN as visible-near-infrared broadband saturable absorbers (SAs) into Pr:LuLiF4 bulk and Nd:YVO4 waveguide laser cavity, achieving efficient passively Q-switched laser at 639 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. This work paves a new way to tailor the nonlinear optical response of LiNbO3 crystals by using plasmonic Ag NPs, manifesting the significant potential as broadband SAs in the aspect of pulsed lasing.
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