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Upadhyaya AM, Hasan MK, Abdel-Khalek S, Hassan R, Srivastava MC, Sharan P, Islam S, Saad AME, Vo N. A Comprehensive Review on the Optical Micro-Electromechanical Sensors for the Biomedical Application. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759032. [PMID: 34926383 PMCID: PMC8674308 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presented an overview of current developments in optical micro-electromechanical systems in biomedical applications. Optical micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) is a particular class of MEMS technology. It combines micro-optics, mechanical elements, and electronics, called the micro-opto electromechanical system (MOEMS). Optical MEMS comprises sensing and influencing optical signals on micron-level by incorporating mechanical, electrical, and optical systems. Optical MEMS devices are widely used in inertial navigation, accelerometers, gyroscope application, and many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to its miniaturised size, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, affordability, and lightweight characteristic, it can be easily integrated into the human body with a suitable design. This study presented a comprehensive review of 140 research articles published on photonic MEMS in biomedical applications that used the qualitative method to find the recent advancement, challenges, and issues. The paper also identified the critical success factors applied to design the optimum photonic MEMS devices in biomedical applications. With the systematic literature review approach, the results showed that the key design factors could significantly impact design, application, and future scope of work. The literature of this paper suggested that due to the flexibility, accuracy, design factors efficiency of the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, the demand has been increasing for various photonic devices. Except for FBG sensing devices, other sensing systems such as optical ring resonator, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and photonic crystals are used, which still show experimental stages in the application of biosensing. Due to the requirement of sophisticated fabrication facilities and integrated systems, it is a tough choice to consider the other photonic system. Miniaturisation of complete FBG device for biomedical applications is the future scope of work. Even though there is a lot of experimental work considered with an FBG sensing system, commercialisation of the final FBG device for a specific application has not been seen noticeable progress in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup M. Upadhyaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), Amity University, Noida, Lucknow, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
- Network and Communication Technology Lab, Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - S. Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosilah Hassan
- Network and Communication Technology Lab, Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Maneesh C. Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), Amity University, Noida, Lucknow, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Preeta Sharan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Shayla Islam
- Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asma Mohammed Elbashir Saad
- Department of Physics College of Science and Humanities in AL-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nguyen Vo
- Department of Information Technology, Victorian Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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