1
|
Li Z, Zhu J, Gong W, Si K. Speed-enhanced scattering compensation method with sub-Nyquist sampling. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1269-1272. [PMID: 38426990 DOI: 10.1364/ol.515325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A rapid feedback-based scattering compensation method is particularly important for guiding light precisely within turbid tissues, especially the dynamic tissues. However, the huge number of measurements that come from the underutilization of the signal frequency channel greatly limits the modulation speed. This paper introduces a rapid compensation method with the sub-Nyquist sampling which improves the channel utilization and the speed of wavefront shaping. The number of measurements is reduced to ∼1500 with 32 × 32 freedom, and the PBR of the focus reaches ∼200. The system performances are demonstrated by focusing the light through brain slices of different thicknesses.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zohrabi M, Lim WY, Gilinsky S, Bright VM, Gopinath JT. Adaptive aberration correction using an electrowetting array. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2023; 122:081102. [PMID: 36846091 PMCID: PMC9946697 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method that permits wavefront aberration correction using an array of electrowetting prisms. A fixed high fill factor microlens array followed by a lower fill factor adaptive electrowetting prism array is used to correct wavefront aberration. The design and simulation of such aberration correction mechanism is described. Our results show significant improvement to the Strehl ratio by using our aberration correction scheme which results in diffraction limited performance. Compactness and effectiveness of our design can be implemented in many applications that require aberration correction, such as microscopy and consumer electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zohrabi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Wei Yang Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Samuel Gilinsky
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Z, Zheng Y, Diao X, Li R, Sun N, Xu Y, Li X, Duan S, Gong W, Si K. Robust and adjustable dynamic scattering compensation for high-precision deep tissue optogenetics. Commun Biol 2023; 6:128. [PMID: 36721006 PMCID: PMC9889738 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-precision optogenetics in deep tissue is limited due to the strong optical scattering induced by biological tissue. Although various wavefront shaping techniques have been developed to compensate the scattering, it is still a challenge to non-invasively characterize the dynamic scattered optical wavefront inside the living tissue. Here, we present a non-invasive scattering compensation system with fast multidither coherent optical adaptive technique (fCOAT), which allows the rapid wavefront correction and stable focusing in dynamic scattering medium. We achieve subcellular-resolution focusing through 500-μm-thickness brain slices, or even three pieces overlapped mouse skulls after just one iteration with a 589 nm CW laser. Further, focusing through dynamic scattering medium such as live rat ear is also successfully achieved. The formed focus can maintain longer than 60 s, which satisfies the requirements of stable optogenetics manipulation. Moreover, the focus size is adjustable from subcellular level to tens of microns to freely match the various manipulation targets. With the specially designed fCOAT system, we successfully achieve single-cellular optogenetic manipulation through the brain tissue, with a stimulation efficiency enhancement up to 300% compared with that of the speckle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghan Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Psychiatry of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yameng Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintong Diao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Sun
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongxian Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Si
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Psychiatry of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCollege of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XLiangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XIntelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan W, Huang Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Yang Z, Qu J. Aberration Correction to Optimize the Performance of Two-Photon Fluorescence Microscopy Using the Genetic Algorithm. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-7. [PMID: 35074025 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to less light scattering and a better signal-to-noise ratio in deep imaging, two-photon fluorescence microscopy (TPFM) has been widely used in biomedical photonics since its advent. However, optical aberrations degrade the performance of TPFM in terms of the signal intensity and the imaging depth and therefore restrict its application. Here, we introduce adaptive optics based on the genetic algorithm to detect the distorted wavefront of the excitation laser beam and then perform aberration correction to optimize the performance of TPFM. By using a spatial light modulator as the wavefront controller, the correction phase is obtained through a signal feedback loop and a process of natural selection. The experimental results show that the signal intensity and imaging depth of TPFM are improved after aberration correction. Finally, the method was applied to two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging, which helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the accuracy of lifetime analysis. Furthermore, the method can also be implemented in other experiments, such as three-photon microscopy, light-sheet microscopy, and super-resolution microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Yangrui Huang
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Jin Li
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Yinru Zhu
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Zhigang Yang
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen518060, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Improving Multiphoton Microscopy by Combining Spherical Aberration Patterns and Variable Axicons. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8120573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a well-established method for the non-invasive imaging of biological tissues. However, its optical sectioning capabilities are reduced due to specimen-induced aberrations. Both the manipulation of spherical aberration (SA) and the use of axicons have been reported to be useful techniques to bypass this limitation. We propose the combination of SA patterns and variable axicons to further improve the quality of MP microscopy images. This approach provides enhanced images at different depth locations whose quality is better than those corresponding to the use of SA or axicons separately. Thus, the procedure proposed herein facilitates the visualization of details and increases the depth observable at high resolution.
Collapse
|
6
|
Efstathiou C, Draviam VM. Electrically tunable lenses - eliminating mechanical axial movements during high-speed 3D live imaging. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271866. [PMID: 34409445 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful investigation of photosensitive and dynamic biological events, such as those in a proliferating tissue or a dividing cell, requires non-intervening high-speed imaging techniques. Electrically tunable lenses (ETLs) are liquid lenses possessing shape-changing capabilities that enable rapid axial shifts of the focal plane, in turn achieving acquisition speeds within the millisecond regime. These human-eye-inspired liquid lenses can enable fast focusing and have been applied in a variety of cell biology studies. Here, we review the history, opportunities and challenges underpinning the use of cost-effective high-speed ETLs. Although other, more expensive solutions for three-dimensional imaging in the millisecond regime are available, ETLs continue to be a powerful, yet inexpensive, contender for live-cell microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoforos Efstathiou
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Viji M Draviam
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences , Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pozzi P, Quintavalla M, Wong AB, Borst JGG, Bonora S, Verhaegen M. Plug-and-play adaptive optics for commercial laser scanning fluorescence microscopes based on an adaptive lens. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:3585-3588. [PMID: 32630905 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we present a solution for simple implementation of adaptive optics in any existing laser scanning fluorescence microscope. Adaptive optics are implemented by the introduction of a multiactuator adaptive lens between the microscope body and the objective lens. Correction is performed with a sensorless method by optimizing the quality of the images presented on screen by the microscope software. We present the results acquired on both a commercial linear excitation confocal microscope and a custom-made multiphoton excitation microscope.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rajaeipour P, Dorn A, Banerjee K, Zappe H, Ataman Ç. Fully refractive adaptive optics fluorescence microscope using an optofluidic wavefront modulator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:9944-9956. [PMID: 32225593 DOI: 10.1364/oe.387734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) represents a powerful range of image correction technologies with proven benefits for many life-science microscopy methods. However, the complexity of adding a reflective wavefront modulator and in some cases a wavefront sensor into an already complicated microscope has made AO prohibitive for its widespread adaptation in microscopy systems. We present here the design and performance of a compact fluorescence microscope using a fully refractive optofluidic wavefront modulator, yielding imaging performance on par with that of conventional deformable mirrors, both in correction fidelity and articulation. We combine this device with a modal sensorless wavefront estimation algorithm that uses spatial frequency content of acquired images as a quality metric and thereby demonstrate a completely in-line adaptive optics microscope that can perform aberration correction up to 4th radial order of Zernike modes. This entirely new concept for adaptive optics microscopy may prove to extend the performance limits and widespread applicability of AO in life-science imaging.
Collapse
|
9
|
Advances in adaptive optics-based two-photon fluorescence microscopy for brain imaging. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 35:317-328. [PMID: 31729608 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep tissue imaging using two-photon fluorescence (TPF) techniques have revolutionized the optical imaging community by providing in depth molecular information at the single-cell level. These techniques provide structural and functional aspects of mammalian brain at unprecedented depth and resolution. However, wavefront distortions introduced by the optical system as well as the biological sample (tissue) limit the achievable fluorescence signal-to-noise ratio and resolution with penetration depth. In this review, we discuss on the advances in TPF microscopy techniques for in vivo functional imaging and offer guidelines as to which technologies are best suited for different imaging applications with special reference to adaptive optics.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Two-photon (2P) microscopy is a powerful tool for imaging and exploring label-free biological tissues at high resolution. Although this type of microscopy has been demonstrated in ex vivo ocular tissues of both humans and animal models, imaging the human eye in vivo has always been challenging. This work presents a novel compact 2P microscope for non-contact imaging of the anterior part of the living human eye. The performance of the instrument was tested and the maximum permissible exposure to protect ocular tissues established. To the best of our knowledge, 2P images of the in vivo human cornea, the sclera and the trabecular meshwork are shown for the very first time. Acquired images are of enough quality to visualize collagen arrangement and morphological features of clinical interest. Future implementations of this technique may constitute a potential tool for early diagnosis of ocular diseases at submicron scale.
Collapse
|
11
|
Philipp K, Lemke F, Scholz S, Wallrabe U, Wapler MC, Koukourakis N, Czarske JW. Diffraction-limited axial scanning in thick biological tissue with an aberration-correcting adaptive lens. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9532. [PMID: 31267005 PMCID: PMC6606592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction-limited deep focusing into biological tissue is challenging due to aberrations that lead to a broadening of the focal spot. The diffraction limit can be restored by employing aberration correction for example with a deformable mirror. However, this results in a bulky setup due to the required beam folding. We propose a bi-actuator adaptive lens that simultaneously enables axial scanning and the correction of specimen-induced spherical aberrations with a compact setup. Using the bi-actuator lens in a confocal microscope, we show diffraction-limited axial scanning up to 340 μm deep inside a phantom specimen. The application of this technique to in vivo measurements of zebrafish embryos with reporter-gene-driven fluorescence in a thyroid gland reveals substructures of the thyroid follicles, indicating that the bi-actuator adaptive lens is a meaningful supplement to the existing adaptive optics toolset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Philipp
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Florian Lemke
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Wallrabe
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias C Wapler
- University of Freiburg, Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEK, Georges-Köhler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nektarios Koukourakis
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen W Czarske
- Technische Universität Dresden, Laboratory for Measurement and Sensor System Technique, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bueno JM, Ávila FJ, Artal P. Comparing the performance of a femto fiber-based laser and a Ti:sapphire used for multiphoton microscopy applications. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3830-3835. [PMID: 31158196 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ti:sapphire laser systems are the more extended excitation sources in multiphoton (MP) microscopy. Although tunable, the cost, size, and lack of portability often limit their use in some research fields. Femtosecond fiber-based lasers represent an attractive alternative since they are portable, compact, and affordable. Most MP applications using these devices employ wavelengths beyond 1000 nm. This work evaluates the performance of a mode-locked fiber-based laser emitting at 780 nm (within the spectral region often used with Ti:sapphire devices) for use in MP imaging microscopy. MP images acquired with this laser system have been compared with those obtained with a "regular" solid-state source. Results herein show that the images recorded with both laser sources were similar, independently of the depth location of the imaged plane. The structural information contained in the images hardly differed. Moreover, the images of deeper layers improved by means of adaptive optics were also similar. These ultrafast laser sources are expected to enhance the impact of MP microscopy in basic research, as well as in biomedical environments.
Collapse
|